82 research outputs found
Effects of different growing media and sowing depths on seed germination of caper (capparis ovata desf.)
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different sowing depths and growing media on germination percentage and germination rate of caper (Capparis ovata Desf.) seeds. Treatments applied to the seeds were 3 different sowing depths (0.5 cm, 1 cm and 1.5 cm) and 4 different growing media (forest soil+sand+manure (2:1:1); peat+manure (2:1); peat+perlite+manure (2:1:1) and peat+forestsoil manure (1:1:1)). The cold stratification treatment (at 4 +/- 1 degrees) for 50 days was applied on the seeds to overcome seed dormancy. The seeds were sown in pottrays at 24 +/- 1 degrees C in the controlled greenhouse conditions. The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications and 60 seeds were used for each replication. Germinated seeds were observed periodically during 70 days to determine germination percentages and germination rates. The highest germination percentage (51.1%) was obtained from the growing medium of peat+perlite+manure (2:1:1) and sown in 1.0 cmdepth, the best germination rate (36 days) was determined from the same growing medium but sown in 1.5 cmdepth. On the other hand, the lowest germination percentage (2.8%) was determined from the seeds which were sown in the forest soil+sand+manure (2:1:1), in 0.5 cm depth
Effects of different sowing depths and growing media on germination of bladder-senna (coluteaarmena boiss & huet) seeds.
No full textThis study was carried out to determine which sowing depth and growing medium should be preferred to increase germination percentage of Coluteaarmena seeds. Treatments applied to the seeds were 3 different sowing depths (0.5 cm, 1 cm and 1.5 cm) and 4 different growing media (forest soil+sand+manure (2: 1: 1); peat+manure (2: 1); peat+perlite+manure (2: 1: 1) and peat+forestsoil+manure (1: 1: 1)). The seeds were submersed in concentrated (98%) sulphuric acid for 30 minutes to overcome seed dormancy. The seeds were sown in pot-trays at 24 +/- 1 degrees C in the greenhouse. The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications and 60 seeds were used for each replication. Germinated seeds were observed periodically during 42 days to determine germination percentages and germination rates. Both the highest germination percentage (31.1%) and germination rate (9 days) were obtained in seeds which were sown in the medium of forest soil+sand+manure (2: 1: 1), in 0.5 cm-sowing depth. On the other hand, the lowest germination percentage (2.8%) was determined from the seeds which were sown in 1 cm-depth in the growing medium of peat+manure (2: 1)
Effects of GA(3) and H2SO4 pre-treatments on germination of eastern strawberry tree (arbutus andrachne l.) seeds
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the effects of some pre-treatments including soaking in 400, 600, 800, 1000 ppm GA(3) for 24 hours and concentrate (96%) H2SO4 for 1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes on seed germination and to investigate how to overcome dormancy of Arbutus andrachne L. seeds. The seeds were sown at 24 +/- 1 degrees C under darkness in laboratory, at 24 +/- 1C degrees in the greenhouse and under open field conditions. The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Germinated seeds were observed periodically during 90 days to determine germination percentages. The highest germination percentages were obtained from the seeds soaked in 800 ppm GA(3) and sown in the laboratory, soaked in 400-800 ppm GA(3) and sown in the greenhouse and soaked in 400 ppm GA(3) and sown under open field conditions both open field conditions and in the greenhouse with 94.7%, 86.0% and 26.7%, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest germination percentages were obtained from the control seeds which were sown in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions (0.7% and 8.0%) for GA(3) treatments. It can be said that the effect of H2SO4 pre-treatments on germination of the seeds does not have positively
Effects of cold stratification and H2SO4 pre-treatments on germination of sea buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) seeds under open field and greenhouse conditions
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the effects of some pre-treatments including soaking in concentrate (96%) H2SO4 for 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes and cold stratification for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days on seed germination and to investigate how to overcome dormancy of Hippophae rhamnoides L. seeds. The seeds were sown in the greenhouse and under open field conditions. The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Germinated seeds were observed periodically during 35 days to determine germination percentages and germination rates. The highest germination percentages (44.4% and 75.5%) were obtained from the seeds soaked in H2SO4 for 2 minute and sown both open field conditions and in the greenhouse, respectively. The lowest germination percentages were obtained from the control seeds which were sown under both two conditions (20.7% and 39.2%). While the best germination rate (11 days) was determined from 3-minutes H2SO4 pre treatments in the greenhouse, 10-day cold stratification gave the best germination rate (9 days) under open field conditions
Artvin yöresinde doğal bitki örtüsünü tahrip eden bazı etmenler
No full textDoğal dengenin bozulması, doğal kaynakların aşırı ve bilinçsizce kullanılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çevrenin doğal dengesinin bozulmasını ve doğal bitki örtüsünün ortadan kalkması sonucunu doğuran bir çok neden vardır. İnsanların kontrolsüzce ve bilinçsizce uyguladıkları tarım teknikleri, aşırı hayvan otlatması ve buna bağlı olarak bitki örtiisünün ortadan kaldırılması, ormanların tahribi gibi birçok neden, ülkemizde ve dünyada doğa tahribini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Artvin yöresinde doğal bitki örtüsünün tahribine neden olan özellikle,· orman köylerinde yaşam standardına ve tamamlanmamış orman kadastro çalışmalarına bağlı, kamu arazilerinden veya ormanlarından toprak kazanmak için başvurulan usulsüz kesim ve tarla açmalar, maden ocakları ve sanayi kuruluşları, alpin çayırlarda yayla yerleşimi ve aşırı otlatma, biyotik zara rlılar, yörede yapılmakta olan baraj inşaatı çalışmaları gibi etmenlerin olumsuz etkilerinden söz edilmektedir.Natural bcll.ance is dameged because of the using of natural recouces extremely and unconsciously by man. ln this study, it is explained some factors which are especially illegal cutting, tane! clearing, transhumans and overgraziııg at the alpin meadow, the mine in M urgul district, biotic harmfuls and building of dam on the Coruh River which damage the natural vegetatioıı cover in Artvin Region
A general assessment of clımate, soıl structure, forest areas, growıng stock and some forestry applıcatıons of artvın regıon
Get PDFÇalışma konusu olan Artvin, Kuzeydoğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer almaktadır. Artvin ormanları ılıman iklim kuşağından, sert-karasal iklim kuşağına kadar farklı kuşaklarda yayılış göstermektedir. Artvin yöresi 390471 hektar orman alanına sahiptir. Orman alanlarının 276883 hektarı (%70.91’i) doğal ormanlar, 113588 hektarı (% 29.09’u) baltalık ormanlardan oluşmaktadır. Toplam arazinin % 54.77’si ormanlarla kaplıdır. Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü ormanları, Picea ssp., Pinus ssp., Abies ssp., Fagus ssp., Alnus ssp., Castanea ssp., Quercus ssp., Tilia ssp., Carpinus ssp., Acer ssp., Fraxinus ssp., Betula ssp., Juniperus ssp. gibi ağaçlarla kaplıdır. Çalışmada, Artvin Yöresinin iklim özellikleri, jeolojik yapısı ve toprak özellikleri, ormanların servet ve alansal dağılımı ile bazı silvikültürel çalışmalar üzerinde durulmuştur.Artvin is located in the North Eastern Blacksea region of Turkey. Forests of Artvin are spread out from cool climate zone to cold climate zone. Artvin has approximately 390471 ha of forests, which is consist of 276883 ha (70.91%) natural forest and 113588 (29.09 %) coppice forests. Forest area covering 54.77% of total land of Artvin. Most of species of forests (natural and coppice forests) are coniferous trees, such as Picea ssp., Pinus ssp., Juniperus ssp. and broaded leaves such as Quercus ssp., Fagus ssp., Castanea ssp., Carpinus ssp., Fraxinus ssp. and Betula ssp. In this study, it was discussed that climatological characteristics, geological and forest soil structure, distrubution of forests as growing stock and area, some silvicultural practices in Artvin Region
Effects of cold stratification, sulphuric acid, submersion in hot and tap water pretreatments in the greenhouse and open field conditions on germination of bladder-Senna (Colutea armena Boiss. and Huet.) seeds
Get PDFThis study was carried out to determine which pre-treatments should be preferred to overcome dormancy problems of Colutea armena seeds which were collected from three different provenances. Pre-treatments applied to the seeds were submersion in concentrated (98%) sulphuric acid for 30 min, floating in hot water (100 degrees C) followed by continual cooling for 24 h in the same water, soaking in tap water (20 +/- 1 degrees C) for 24 h and cold stratification for 20, 40 and 60 days. The seeds were sown in polyethylene pots in the greenhouse and in seedbeds under open field conditions. The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Germinated seeds were observed periodically during 70 days to determine germination percentages and germination rates. The highest germination percentages (52.2, 56.7 and 60.5%) were obtained in seeds which were submersed in sulphuric acid for 30 min and sown in the greenhouse for all three provenances. The best germination rates for provenances of Koprubasi and Derinkoy were 14 and 16 days which were determined in seeds soaked in sulphuric acid for 30 min and sown in the greenhouse. On the other hand, the best germination rate (12 days) of provenance of Salkimli was determined in seeds which were floated in hot water (100 degrees C) followed by continual cooling for 24 h in the same water and sown under open field conditions
Artvin yöresine ait doğal yaban mersini (vaccinium arctostaphllos ve vaccinium myrtillus) ile kültüre alınan yaban mersini (vaccinium corymbosum) türlerinin antioksidan özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Get PDFVaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. which are found naturally in
most part of Blacksea Region, and Artvin are generally called bear grape, Trabzon tea,
and likapa. In addition, different varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have
been cultivated in Artvin region for 5 or 6 years. Blueberries contain appreciable levels of
phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonols that have high biological
activity. V. arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus show that natural distrubition with received V.
corymbosum of different cultured species in Artvin region will be determined antioxidant
activity in this study. In this study showed that wild species had a higher antioxidant
effect than cultivated species. V. myrtillus had high total polyphenols (11.539-20.742 mg
GAE/g dry sample), flavonoids (1.182-2.676 mg QE/g dry sample) and anthocyanins
(3.305-11.473 mg Cyn/g dry sample) than V. corymbosum species. In addition, wild
species had high CUPRAC, FRAP and DPPH values. The antioxidant activities found
with CUPRAC, expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.143 to
0.297 mmol TEAC/g dry sample. Those determined with DPPH expressed as IC50
ranged from 0.229 to 1.178 mg/ml. Those determined with FRAP expressed as
FeSO4
.7H2O equivalent were in 130.719–346.115 µmol Fe/g dry sample range.Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde ve Artvin’de doğal olarak bulunan Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.
ve Vaccinium myrtillus L. genellikle ayı üzümü, Trabzon çayı ve likapa olarak
adlandırılmaktadır. Ayrıca Artvin’de 5-6 yıldır yaban mersininin farklı türleri (Vaccinium
corymbosum L.) yetiştirilmektedir. Yaban mersinleri yüksek biyolojik aktiviteye sahip
antosiyaninler ve flavonoller gibi dikkate değer seviyede fenolik bileşenler içermektedir.
Bu çalışmada Artvin bölgesinde doğal yayılım gösteren V. arctostaphylos ve V. myrtillus
ile kültüre alınan V. corymbosum farklı türlerinin antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenecektir.
Bu çalışmada yabani türlerin kültürlere göre daha yüksek antioksidan etkiye sahip
olduğunu görüldü. V. myrtillus türleri, V. corymbosum türlerinden daha yüksek toplam
polifenol (11,539-20,742 mg GAE/g kuru örnek), flavonoid (1,182-2,676 mg QE/g kuru
örnek) ve antosiyanin (3,305-11,473 mg Cyn/g kuru örnek) değerine sahiptir. Ayrıca
yabani türler yüksek CUPRAC, FRAP ve DPPH değerlerine sahiptir. Antioksidan
aktiviteler CUPRAC için Troloks eşdeğeri cinsinden 0,143 -0,297 mmol TEAC/g kuru
örnek aralığında bulunmuştur. DPPH için IC50 değerleri 0,229 – 1,178 mg/ml kuru örnek
aralığında belirlenmiştir. FRAP için FeSO4
.7H2O eşdeğeri cinsinden 130,719–346,115
µmol Fe/g kuru örnek aralığında bulunmuştur
Geographic variations for cone and seed characteristics of oriental spruce (picea orientalis)
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis) kozalak ve tohum özelliklerindeki coğrafi farklılıkların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal olarak Doğu Ladini’nin Artvin ve Posof (Ardahan)’daki doğal yayılış alanı içinde 33 noktadan 3 veya 5 anaçtan açık tozlaşma ürünü kozalaklar toplanmıştır. Kozalak ve tohum özelliklerine ait karakterler (kozalak boyu, kozalak eni, elde edilen tohumların 1000 tane ağırlığı, tohum eni, tohum boyu ve tohum kanat uzunluğu) ölçülmüştür. Araştırma alanının coğrafik özelliklerine göre bu veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Kozalakların elde edildiği ağaçların bulunduğu yerin GPS yardımıyla koordinatları, denizden yüksekliği ve bakıları tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen istatistik analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda tohum toplanan alanların yükseltisi ile bazı kozalak değerleri (kozalak eni ve kozalak boyu) arasında negatif bir korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yükselti arttıkça kozalak eni ve kozalak boyu değerleri azalmaktadır. Ayrıca denizden uzaklık ile kozalak eni, tohum eni ve 1000 tane ağırlığı arasında yine negatif bir korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05).The aim of this study is to investigate the geographic variations of some cone and seed characteristics of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis). Fort this purpose, the cones were collected from 33 sampling plots within the species natural distribution in Artvin and Posof (Ardahan). Cone length and diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed length and diameter, height of seed wing and number of seeds in a cone were determined. Geographical features such as altitude, aspect, and distance to the Black Sea, longitude and latitude of the sample plots were recorded. According to the analysis of correlation, the negative correlations were defined between the altitude of sampling points and cone length and diameter. In addition to this, there were negative correlations between the distance to the Black Sea and cone diameter, seed diameter and 1000-seed weight (p<0.05)
Effects of summer planting trials on survival rate of oriental spruce (picea orientalis l. link.) seedlings
Get PDFYaz sonu dikimlerinin tepsi saksıda yetiştirilen Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis L. Link.) için uygun olup
olmadığı ve fidanlarının tutma başarısı ve yaşama yüzdeleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. 2+0 yaşındaki
fidanlar 2004 yılı Ağustos sonu ve Ekim ayında Artvin-Tütüncüler ve Madenler Yörelerinde, sekiz farklı deneme
alanına, açık alanda ve siper altında dikilmiştir. Denemeler tesadüfî tam blok deneme desenine göre üç
yinelemeli olarak kurulmuş, Madenler Yöresi sonbahar dikimleri dışında her yinelemede 50 adet fidan
kullanılmıştır. Fidan boyları ve kök boğazı çapları dikim sırasında ve ikinci (2006 sonbahar) vejetasyon dönemi
sonunda ölçülmüş, ayrıca fidanların yaşama yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Dikimden sonraki ikinci vejetasyon dönemi
sonunda Tütüncüler Yöresinde sonbaharda dikilen fidanların yaşama yüzdeleri (%89.7) yaz sonu dikimlerinin
yaşama yüzdelerinden (%81.7) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Madenler Yöresinde ise yaz sonu dikimlerindeki
yaşama yüzdesi (%81.3) sonbaharda dikilen fidanların yaşama yüzdesinden (%72.8) daha yüksek olmuştur.
Açık alan ve siper koşullarında Tütüncüler Yöresinde istatistiksel anlamda yaşama yüzdelerinde farklılık
olmazken, Madenler Yöresinde siper altında (%83.9) açık alana göre (%70.2) daha yüksek yaşama yüzdesi
elde edilmiştirIt was investigated in this study whether summer planting was suitable for containerized Oriental Spruce
(Picea orientalis L. Link.) or not. The seedlings were planted both in the summer (in late August) and in the
fall (in October) 2004, in Tütüncüler and Madenler regions, Artvin. The plantations were also done under open
field and shelter conditions for the summer and the fall plantings. Eight different sample plots (the four were
in Tütüncüler and four the other were in Madenler) were established using 2+0 years old containerized
seedlings. Statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The fifty
seedlings for each replication were planted, except the fall planting studied in Madenler region. Heights and
root collar diameters of the seedlings were measured immediately after they were planted in the sample plots
and measured at the end of the second growing period (in the fall, 2006). Survival rate of the seedlings were
also defined for each sample plot. According to statistical analyses, while the fall planting studies had better
survival rate (89.7%) than summer planting (81.7%) in Tütüncüler region, the summer planting studies in
Madenler region had better survival rate (81.3%) than the fall planting (72.8%) trials. There was not any
difference between open field and shelter conditions for survival rates of the seedlings in Tütüncüler region.
In Madenler, survival rate of the seedlings for shelter condition (83.9 %) was higher than open field plantation
(70.2 %)
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