927,441 research outputs found
Phyllactinia himalayensis I. Zafar, Afshan & Khalid 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPhyllactinia himalayensis I. Zafar, Afshan & Khalid sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3) MycoBank no. 843800 Diagnosis:— Phyllactinia himalayensis is distinguished from the phylogenetically allied species Ph. betulae and Ph. linderae by its large-sized chasmothecia, up to 280 µm diam., rather shorter appendages, 68‒184 µm, small ascospores, 10‒20 × 7‒13 µm, and its distinct position in the phylogenetic analysis. Type:— PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Poonch, 33.76°N, 74.09°E, 1,006 m alt., on leaves of Juglans regia L., 9 Dec. 2021, I. Zafar and N. S. Afshan [AJK-07] (LAH 37119 – holotype). GenBank accession number: (ON 332255). Etymology:— the species epithet refers to the type locality, Himalayan forest, Pakistan. Description:— MYCELIUM hypophyllous, external, effuse, evanescent.CHASMOTHECIA scattered to gregarious, black, globose to subglobose, 190‒280 µm diam. PERIDIUM CELLS conspicuous, regularly hexagonal, sometimes polygonal, 7‒20 µm diam. APPENDAGES equatorial, 6–12, stiff, 68‒184 µm long and 5‒12 µm wide, bulbous basal swelling 21‒27 × 33‒40 µm, apex pointed, 0.5‒1 times as long as the chasmothecial diam., thick-walled, up to 6 µm wide below. ASCI 5‒10, broad ellipsoid, obovoid, clavate, 55‒86 × 20‒38 µm, short stalked, content yellowish, wall up to 3 µm thick, 2‒3-spored. ASCOSPORES ellipsoid to ovoid, 10‒20 × 7‒13 µm, colourless, sometimes yellowish. Additional material examined:— PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu & Kashmir: District Bagh, 33.9735°N, 73.7918°E, 1676 m alt., on leaves of Juglans regia, 9 Oct. 2020, I. Zafar and N.S. Afshan [AJK-30] (LAH 37118). GenBank accession number: (ON 332222).Published as part of Zafar, Irsa, Afshan, Najam-Ul-Sehar, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Liu, Shu-Yan & Tang, Shu-Rong, 2022, Phyllactinia himalayensis, a new species on Juglans regia from Pakistan, pp. 267-276 in Phytotaxa 548 (2) on page 271, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.548.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/659788
Zafar, Watershed of Late Pre-Islamic Culture
No full textResearch since 1998 sheds light on the formative role which Zafar as capital of the Himyarite confederacy played in the history of Old South Arabia. Since most of the excavation reports on Zafar are still in press, new excavation results from the site are not commonly known. Highlights of the excavation from 2000 to 2006 include the discovery of the Stone Building. The main topics of our paper include the nature of the defences, the appearance of Zafar’s cityscape, and its post-Himyarite history. The final section discusses briefly and from an archaeological point of view select aspects of late pre-Islamic Judaism in the highlands
Erysiphe machilicola I. Zafar, Afshan & Khalid 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Erysiphe machilicola</i> I. Zafar, Afshan & Khalid <i>sp. nov.</i> (Fig. 2) MycoBank no. MB846778 <p> <b> Diagnosis:— <i>Erysiphe machilicola</i></b> (<i>Erysiphe</i> sect. <i>Uncinula</i> subsect. <i>Uncinula</i>) is distinct from morphologically similar <i>Erysiphe</i> species On hOsts Of the LaUraceae by having lOnger cOnidiOphOres (120‒175 µm) Up tO 210 µm lOng (inclUding cOnidia), larger chasmOthecia (116–148 µm), and lOnger appendages (135–290 µm), abOve all, it differs from <i>E. machilina</i> (<i>Erysiphe</i> sect. <i>Uncinula</i> subsect. <i>Uncinuliella</i>) in lacking bristle-like appendages (remnant of anchor hyphae), fewer uncinuloid appendages with non-enlarged apices and 7–8-spored asci, with much smaller ascospores.</p> <p> <b>Type:—</b> PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu & Kashmir: District Kotli, elevation 579 m alt., 33.58°N, 74.91°E, 11 th Dec, 2020, I. Zafar and N.S. Afshan [AJK-20] (LAH37584 – HOLOTYPE), on leaves of <i>Machilus duthiei King</i> ex Hook.f. GenBank accession number: (OP933721).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> the species epithet is composed of the name of host genus, <i>Machilus</i>, and -cola, meaning “colonizer”.</p> <p> <b>Description:—</b> MYCELIUM amphigenous, mainly epiphyllous,thin,effuse,persistent.HYPHAE hyaline,thin, smoothwalled, 4–8 µm wide. HYPHAL APPRESSORIA lObate tO mUltilObate, sessile, variable, 4–7 µm diam. CONIDIOPHORES erect, straight, (120‒175 µm) Up tO 210 µm lOng (inclUding cOnidia), 5–10 µm wide. FOOT CELLS cylindrical, straight, 88–102 × 5‒9 µm, fOllOwed by 1–2 shOrter cells. CONIDIA single, sUbcylindrical, 19–40 × 8–12 µm. CHASMOTHECIA scattered to gregariOUs, brOwn tO black, 116–148 µm diam. PERIDIUM CELLS cOnspicUOUs, pOlygOnal, 8–16 µm diam. APPENDAGES 12–16 per chasmothecium, either long or short, uncinuloid, arising around the chasmothecial middle (equatorial zone), 0.5–1.5 times as lOng as the chasmOthecial diam., 93–135 µm, width 4–6 µm thrOUghOUt Or at mOst slightly increasing tOwards the tip, apex tightly Uncinate-circinate, nOt enlarged, walls thick belOw (2–6 µm), gradUally becOming thinner towards the tip.ASCI 7–8 per chasmothecium, mostly stalked, rarely sessile, hyaline, globose, subglobose or ellipsoidal, 38–45 × 26–33 µm, 7–8-spOred. ASCOSPORES light grey in cOlOr, ellipsOidal tO OvOid, 13–20 × 9–12 µm.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined:—</b> PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu & Kashmir: District Sudhanoti, elevation 1372 m alt., 33.71°N, 73.68°E, 12 th Oct. 2021, I. Zafar and N.S. Afshan [AJK-41] (LAH37585), on leaves of <i>Machilus duthiei</i>. GenBank accession number: (OP933720).</p>Published as part of <i>Zafar, Irsa, Afshan, Najam-Ul-Sehar, Khalid, Abdul Nasir & Götz, Monika, 2023, Erysiphe machilicola: a new powdery mildew species on Duthie's Bay Tree, pp. 283-291 in Phytotaxa 594 (4)</i> on pages 287-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.4.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7917050">http://zenodo.org/record/7917050</a>
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Impediments to Social Development in Pakistan
No full textThe development of infrastructure and the provision of basic services in Pakistan lie in the public domain. The quality of the built infrastructure and the service offered reflect successive governments’ capability as a channel for public sector funds, their role in overall financial and macro-economic planning and management, and their administrative efficiency in implementation, operations and management—in essence the extent to which they are able to adhere to the principles of good and humane governance. Good governance is generally conceived of as the judicious exercise of economic, political and administrative authority in the public and private spheres to manage a country’s affairs at all levels to improve the quality of life of the people. It is a continuing process where divergent opinions and desires are satisfied through compromise and tolerance in a spirit of cooperative action for the mutual benefit of the larger whole. It has three dimensions: one, the political regime; two, the systems and procedures for exercising authority; and three, the capacity of governments [World Bank (1994); UNDP (1997); OECD (1995); Commission on Global Governance (1995)]. When Pakistan gained political freedom in August 1947, it inherited an economic and social infrastructure unable to meet the demands of the large influx of refugees from India. Five decades later, policies emphasising public investment, subsidised credit and regulated private sector development have generated strong economic growth, but failed to implement successful social development. Over the last 50 years and more Pakistan’s economy, measured through its GDP, has grown by more than 10 times, an average annual growth rate of 5.1 percent. Rapid population growth, estimated to have averaged just under 3 percent annually, has resulted in real per capita increases of only 2.1 percent per year.
Interfaith Harmony and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
No full textMolana Zafar Ali Khan marked his presence in the political, social, literary, historical and cultural life of his age, which was indeed a difficult and sensitive era. He was an institute in his own personality and leader of a depressed community. Allama Shibli Naumani was proud of him as his student. Unity among Muslims was the main objective of his life. He was messenger of love, affection and religious tolerance and these concepts reveals from his newspaper "Zameendaar". The legacy developed through saints and their teachings in united India and religious tolerance taught by them could be seen in prose and poetry of Molana Zafar Ali Khan. My article is an attempt to search the aforesaid concepts of Interfaith tolerance, peace and also to describe Molana's love and respect for Isla
Interfaith Harmony and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
No full textMolana Zafar Ali Khan marked his presence in the political, social, literary, historical and cultural life of his age, which was indeed a difficult and sensitive era. He was an institute in his own personality and leader of a depressed community. Allama Shibli Naumani was proud of him as his student. Unity among Muslims was the main objective of his life. He was messenger of love, affection and religious tolerance and these concepts reveals from his newspaper "Zameendaar". The legacy developed through saints and their teachings in united India and religious tolerance taught by them could be seen in prose and poetry of Molana Zafar Ali Khan. My article is an attempt to search the aforesaid concepts of Interfaith tolerance, peace and also to describe Molana's love and respect for Isla
Interfaith Harmony and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
No full textMolana Zafar Ali Khan marked his presence in the political, social, literary, historical and cultural life of his age, which was indeed a difficult and sensitive era. He was an institute in his own personality and leader of a depressed community. Allama Shibli Naumani was proud of him as his student. Unity among Muslims was the main objective of his life. He was messenger of love, affection and religious tolerance and these concepts reveals from his newspaper "Zameendaar". The legacy developed through saints and their teachings in united India and religious tolerance taught by them could be seen in prose and poetry of Molana Zafar Ali Khan. My article is an attempt to search the aforesaid concepts of Interfaith tolerance, peace and also to describe Molana's love and respect for Isla
Military Trial of Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar: An Assessment of its Legitimacy
No full textThe East India Company's rule in India (1757-1857) facilitated the transfer of wealth to European nations amidst widespread indigenous resistance, notably within the Company's military. Responding with force, the Company arrested Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, tried him for sedition, and exiled him. In London, Governor-General Warren Hastings faced accusations of economic exploitation, avoiding impeachment despite a prolonged legal battle. The British Parliament swiftly convicted Bahadur Shah Zafar of treason, highlighting the breach of earlier treaties recognizing Mughal sovereignty. This study examines the unjust military trial within the context of international law, asserting it as an act of treason. Queen Victoria's endorsement of Bahadur Shah Zafar's sentencing underscores British government complicity. The trial, marked by extrajudicial practices and misappropriation of funds, saw the King portrayed as a criminal defendant. Simultaneously, the Company pillaged Delhi while adjudicating charges against Bahadur Shah Zafar. Legislation following his conviction transformed India into a British colony, leading to the Company's expulsion and asset forfeiture
Foreign Aid and the Public Sector: A Model of Fiscal Behaviour in Pakistan
No full textThe main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of foreign capital inflows on government’s fiscal behaviour in Pakistan. Government’s fiscal response is measured in terms of social, non-development, and development expenditures as well as revenues. This paper specifies and estimates a fiscal behaviour model for the period 1976–95. The threestage least squares results suggest that foreign capital flows into the public sector have strong positive impact on social and non-development expenditures and, in contrast to what the government and donor agencies believe, have little effect on development spending. In other words, proceeds from foreign loans and aid are largely consumed rather than invested productively. The results also reveal the strong substitutable interdependence between social and non-development expenditures. Furthermore, the finding clearly demonstrates that foreign assistance causes a strong shift of public domestic resources from development projects to non-development activities. In addition to the above, the results show that a large fraction of government revenues is used to finance social and non-development expenditures. The results also demonstrate that foreign assistance enhances taxation efforts of the Government of Pakistan.
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