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Διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την επιβάρυνση των φροντιστών ηλικιωμένων ασθενών με ακράτεια ούρων: μια συγχρονική μελέτη στην Ελλάδα
Full text linkΠεριέχει βιβλιογραφικές παραπομπές.Η πληθυσμιακή γήρανση συνδέεται άμεσα με την αύξηση της εμφάνισης ασθενειών που συνδέονται με την τρίτη ηλικία, όπως η ακράτεια ούρων. Αυτή δεν επιβαρύνει μόνο την ποιότητα ζωής των ηλικιωμένων ασθενών που ζουν στην κοινότητα, αλλά ταυτόχρονα αποτελεί σημαντικό στοιχείο που επιδρά στην ψυχική υγεία και την ποιότητα ζωής των φροντιστών των ασθενών αυτών.
Η παρούσα μελέτη έχει ως σκοπό την εκτίμηση του βαθμού επιβάρυνσης που βιώνουν οι φροντιστές ηλικιωμένων ασθενών με ακράτεια σε μία ελληνική κοινότητα της περιοχής Μαγνησίας και η διερεύνηση της συσχέτισής της με ορισμένα δημογραφικά και κοινωνικοοικονομικά τους χαρακτηριστικά.
Έλαβε χώρα το χρονικό διάστημα 02/2012-04/2013 και οι φροντιστές επιλέχθηκαν μετά από σκόπιμη δειγματοληψία. Ο πληθυσμός τους απαρτιζόταν από 300 άτομα και χωρίσθηκαν σε τρεις ομάδες. Ο πληθυσμός αναφοράς ήταν 100 φροντιστές ηλικιωμένων (ομάδα Ι) με διάφορες παθήσεις χωρίς ακράτεια ούρων. Στην ομάδα ΙΙ, 100 φροντιστές ηλικιωμένων που παρουσίαζαν εκτός από τις παραπάνω παθήσεις και ακράτεια ούρων. Τέλος, αξιολογήθηκαν οι φροντιστές άλλων 100 ηλικιωμένων με σοβαρού βαθμού ακράτεια ούρων (ομάδα ΙΙΙ) που δεν ήταν δυνατό να αντιμετωπισθεί. Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκε το ερωτηματολόγιο Zarit.
Η πλειονότητα των φροντιστών ήταν γυναίκες (από 76% στην ομάδα Ι έως 85% στην ομάδα ΙΙΙ) με μέση ηλικία τα 53,1 έτη. Μεταξύ των τριών ομάδων, στην ομάδα ΙΙΙ υπήρχαν οι περισσότεροι από τους φροντιστές (73%) που συγκατοικούσαν με τους ασθενείς τους. Στις ομάδες Ι και ΙΙ περίπου οι μισοί βίωσαν «μέτρια έως σοβαρή επιβάρυνση» με την παρατεταμένη χρονικά διάρκεια φροντίδας και την έλλειψη εργασίας να αναδεικνύονται ως παράγοντες αυξημένου κινδύνου της επιβάρυνσης. Στην ομάδα ΙΙΙ παρουσιάζεται το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό φροντιστών με υψηλού βαθμού επιβάρυνση (37%). Οι μέσες τιμές ως προς το συνολικό βαθμό επιβάρυνσης στις τρεις ομάδες διαφέρουν στατιστικά σημαντικά μεταξύ τους (p=0,024).
Η μελέτη ανέδειξε την ανάγκη ψυχοκοινωνικής και οικονομικής στήριξης των φροντιστών των ασθενών με ακράτεια, ώστε να μειωθεί η επιβάρυνση που υφίστανται. Για την επίτευξη αυτού του στόχου, θα ήταν σκόπιμη μια πολιτική υγείας σε εθνικό πλαίσιο, η οποία θα ενεργοποιούσε και θα συντόνιζε κοινωνικές υπηρεσίες, δομές και φορείς της πρωτοβάθμιας φροντίδας υγείας ενώ παράλληλα θα ευαισθητοποιούσε τους λειτουργούς τους.Incontinence is a major problem of public health due to the ageing population and its increasing appearance in older people. In addition, these epidemics have a negative influence on the caregivers’ quality of life.
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the caregivers’ burden of patients suffering from urinary incontinence in the community (Magnesia perfecture). The study took place during a time span from 02/2012-04/2013 and the population studied consisted of three groups. Group I consisted of 100 caregivers of old patients suffering from diseases due to ageing. Group II consisted of 100 caregivers of patients suffering from diseases due to ageing and incontinence treated with anticholinergics. Group III consisted of 100 caregivers of patients suffering from diseases due to ageing and untreated incontinence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). ZBI is a short valid and reliable method which has been used since 1986, widely, throughout the world.
The majority of caregivers were women (from 76% in group I to 85% in group III) with a mean age of 53,1 years. In group III there is the higher percentage of caregivers (73%) that lived with their patients. In groups I and II approximately half of them experienced “moderate to severe burden”. Factors, attributing to higher risk levels of burden, were the prolonged time period of care and unemployment. In group III was recorded the higher percentage of caregivers with severe burden (37%). The mean values differences are statistically significant (p=0,024).
The present study indicates the necessity for the minimization of caregivers’ burden of patient with urinary incontinence. This can be possible through certain national health care and social policy strategies, since the public section of health care considers that home care of incontinent patients is more cost-effective than their isolation in a mental institution or a home for the aged people
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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