1,721,002 research outputs found

    Powder diffraction of yellow and red natural earths from Lessini Mountains in NE Italy

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    A first attempt to differentiate goethite- and hematite-based natural materials, used for several purposes during the Late Palaeolithic in the Lessini mountains (Italy), is here proposed. All raw materials were collected from known geological sites within a distance of about 20 km from archaeological excavations (Tagliente and Fumane caves) where ochre fragments were found. X-ray powder diffraction allowed the mineralogical composition of samples collected from carbonate and volcanic geological host and parent rocks to be inferred; in addition, a preliminary distinction based on the different mineral assemblages, on the presence of distinctive mineral phases and on the degree of crystallinity of some compounds such as hematite, became possible. The acquired data thus represent a sort of preliminary inventory for provenance studies on archaeological samples originating in the same region, for which ancillary micro-analytical and geochemical techniques are planned

    Red and yellow ocher exploitation in the Lessini mountains (Veneto, NE Italy)

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    Red and yellow ocher (hematite and goethite in a clay matrix) were exploited in Lessini mountains since Palaeolithic time and continued until the half of the 20th c. when the natural pigments were replaced with synthetic products. The majority of the known deposits - except the red ocher outcrop in Alpone Valley at San Giovanni Ilarione, are located in palaeokarst caves and, in most cases, they are yellow ocher. The most important system not only in Italy but most probably in Europe is Torricelle mines, just in the north of Verona city (Valdonega suburb). The caves develop along 20 Km of documented natural tunnels over an area of about 2 Km2. The karst channels present dendritic and hurdle ramification whose disposition is controlled by fractures oriented NNE-SSW, WNW-ESE and NS. For this mines, traces of layered yellow ocher in the main karst channels and well preserved layered deposits of yellow and red ocher in a secondary channel are still present. Traces of yellow ocher deposits in Verona province are located at Ponte di Veja (Sant’Anna Alfaedo) where both layered and massive materials are still visible in diverse palaeokarst caves; layered yellow ocher are well preserved at S. Bortolo Mountains (town of Selva di Progno) and S. Ambrogio di Valpolicella. The interest for these sites is very high not only for the geological and environmental aspects but also for the implications concerning the archaeological research. Therefore, the proposed research is a contribution to keep local culture’s memory alive also supporting other research fields such as geology, history and archaeology

    Sino-Italian workshop on Karst and Caves of Guizhou. Guidebook

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    guida informativa sull'evento, i contenuti e l'area geografica del Guizho

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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