1,720,982 research outputs found
Vascular dysfunction and inflammation in laminitis: modifying blood flow through the equine digit
No full textThis is a guest editorial commenting on a paper published by Mitchell and coworkers (Vet J. 2010 Oct;186(1):106-9). The editorial presents an overview of the current knowledge about the crucial role that the digital vasculature plays in the onset of equine laminitis
Atrial fibrillation in horse:difficult diagnosis for a therapeutic orphan
No full textIt is generally acknowledged that atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common pathological arrhythmia in horses There is currently a debate to ascertain whether equine AF can occur per se or whether it is the consequence of cardiac pathologies. In the fist case, reversion to normal rhythm can be successfully achieved by medical cardioversion but, in the former, conversion to sinus rhythm is less successful and recurrence of AF is more common.
A new generation of cardioverter-defibrillators is now available and may offer an alternative approach to pharmacological cardioversion in animals. However quinidine sulphate remains the only real therapeutic option for AF in horses despite the serious adverse effects may be associated with the treatment. The use of flecainide proved to be of limited value whereas amiodarone has shown encouraging results.
The practitioner is often hesitant in using pharmacological cardioversion, as the therapeutic choice is limited and the risk related to the treatment is quite high. An equine experimental model of chronic AF has been proposed. By applying it to integrated pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic (PK/PD) or physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models it could represent the most practicable approach for targeting safe and effective drug dosage regimens to expand the therapeutic opportunities for treating AF successfully in the horse
Expression of calprotectin subunits (S100A8 and S100A9) in equine recurrent airway obstruction
No full textThis study provides the first evidence that a soluble form of the
CP subunit S100A9 is released in the airways of asymptomatic
RAO horses and undergoes up-regulation during clinical exacerbation
A comparative study between responses of isolated bovine and equine digital arteries to vasoactive mediators
No full textHemodynamic perturbations, partly resulting from abnormal vasoconstriction of digital vessels, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bovine and equine laminitis. This study compared the responsiveness of isolated bovine (BDA) and equine (EDA) digital arteries to pharmacological agents that stimulate receptor systems involved in the regulation of normal vessel tone. The role of the endothelium and the short- and longer-term effects of an experimentally induced endothelial damage were also evaluated. Species-related differences were found in the vessel reactivity to all of the receptor agonists tested. In intact BDA, as compared to intact EDA, norepinephrine was a more effective vasoconstrictor, 5-hydroxytryptamine a more effective but less potent vasoconstrictor, isoproterenol a less effective vasodilator and carbamylcholine a less potent vasodilator. In BDA, but not in EDA, the contractile responses to norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were enhanced immediately after endothelium removal. However, the contractile reactivity of denuded BDA returned to basal values following overnight incubation. The differences suggest species specificity for the pathophysiology of digital vasomotor tone and function in horses and cattle
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Equine bronchial fibroblasts enhance proliferation and differentiation of primary equine bronchial epithelial cells co-cultured under air-liquid interface
Full text linkInteraction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts play a key role in wound repair and remodelling in the asthmatic airway epithelium. We present the establishment of a co-culture model using primary equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBECs) and equine bronchial fibroblasts (EBFs). EBFs at passage between 4 and 8 were seeded on the bottom of 24-well plates and treated with mitomycin C at 80% confluency. Then, freshly isolated (P0) or passaged (P1) EBECs were seeded on the upper surface of membrane inserts that had been placed inside the EBF-containing well plates and grown first under liquid-liquid interface (LLI) then under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions to induce epithelial differentiation. Morphological, structural and functional markers were monitored in co-cultured P0 and P1 EBEC monolayers by phase-contrast microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin, immunocytochemistry as well as by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transepithelial transport of selected drugs. After about 15–20 days of co-culture at ALI, P0 and P1 EBEC monolayers showed pseudo-stratified architecture, presence of ciliated cells, typically honeycomb-like pattern of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) expression, and intact selective barrier functions. Interestingly, some notable differences were observed in the behaviour of co-cultured EBECs (adhesion to culture support, growth rate, differentiation rate) as compared to our previously described EBEC mono-culture system, suggesting that cross-talk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts actually takes place in our current co-culture setup through paracrine signalling. The EBEC-EBF co-culture model described herein will offer the opportunity to investigate epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions and underlying disease mechanisms in the equine airways, thereby leading to a better understanding of their relevance to pathophysiology and treatment of equine and human asthma
Nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of lemongrass essential oil and citral on diclofenac-induced toxicity in mice
Full text linkThe present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the protective potential of two well-known antioxidants of herbal origin in a mouse model of acute DIC-induced nephro- and hepatotoxicity. The tested antioxidants included lemongrass essential oil (LO) and its predominant bioactive constituent citral (CIT). A third herbal product, silymarin (SILY), was used as a reference hepato-renal protective agent. DIC administration led to elevated serum urea and creatinine levels, and prompted oxidative stress along with histopathological changes in the kidney tissue. In parallel, DIC administration increased serum liver enzyme activity, decreased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels, and caused oxidative stress with associated histopathological changes in the liver tissue. Pre-treatment with LO or CIT mitigated DIC-induced alterations in all serum biochemical markers of kidney and liver health (except albumin). High-dose LO, like SILY, within kidney and liver tissues, counteracted DIC-induced oxidative stress and histomorphological alterations. By contrast, CIT failed to mitigate DIC-induced oxidative stress in the kidneys and provided only partial control of DIC-induced oxidative stress in the liver, resulting in less efficient preservation of kidney function and liver structural integrity than LO. Besides confirming the efficacy of SILY at protecting kidneys and liver against the toxicity of DIC in a rodent species different from the one tested so far (rat), this study demonstrated the preventive properties of LO and, to a lesser extent, of CIT against DIC-induced hepato-renal toxicity in mice, supporting their developmental potential as therapeutics
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