1,720,985 research outputs found

    The degree of extramural spread of T3 rectal cancer: a plea to the UICC and AJCC

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    The T3-stage of the TNM classification includes over 60% of all rectal tumours and encompasses the greatest variance in cancer specific end points than any other T stage. Despite this the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classifications do not divide T3 tumours into subgroups which reflect cancer specific outcome more sensitively. A review of the literature was undertaken to assess the influence of the degree of extramural extent of T3 rectal cancer on local recurrence and survival

    Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A critical review of the literature

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    Open adrenalectomy needs surgical incisions often large and traumatic, with a not negligible morbidity. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, according to the experiences reported in the literature, certainly initial, but neverthless considerable, seems to offer a sound option and will probably become one of the strongest indications of the minimal-access surgery of the retroperitoneal space. Operative times are certainly longer initially than in open surgery but morbidity is very low and mortality almost nil. The Authors make a review of the literature about laparoscopic adrenalectomy with about 400 operations collected, analyzing the results and the technical details. The collected data support the conclusion that the adrenal pathology, with the exception of the malignant tumors, will be treated in the future mainly laparoscopically. Even the size of the tumor, in case of a not malignant mass, can not be considered probably a true contraindication
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