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A Study on the Cost Competitiveness of International Short Sea Shipping in Korea-Japan Route : Lo-Lo and Ro-Ro Shipping Transport
Get PDFWith the rapid growth of international trade, international logistics has become a significant economic activity today. Under these circumstances, companies are continually striving to improve logistics processes, reduce logistics costs, and maximize the efficiency of the supply chain to achieve better performance. In the development of international logistics, maritime transport has always been the most critical mode of transportation and a vital component of the supply chain. To enhance maritime transportation efficiency and realize more smooth international multimodal transportation, container transportation system appeared in the 1950s and Ro-Ro transportation through container was gradually getting popular. Recently, European and North American advanced countries are actively fostering international short sea shipping to reduce environmental pollution and congestion caused by road transportation and to improve the efficiency of the transportation network in the region. The Ro-Ro ship is attracting attention as a significant transportation means for short sea shipping due to its advantages of quick and convenient loading and unloading system.
Northeast Asia is geographically suitable for fostering short sea shipping and economic cooperation among countries in the region is actively underway. However, the market share of Ro-Ro transportation is abysmal compared to traditional Lo-Lo transportation. States in this area are also attempting various cooperation to improve international logistics efficiency. Among them, Korea and Japan are supporting the development of a seamless logistics process by encouraging the companies of both countries with the government-led initiative. A representative example is the double number trailer pilot project based on Ro-Ro transportation which started from 2013. Therefore, it is necessary to have an accurate understanding of the competitiveness of Ro-Ro and Lo-Lo in Northeast Asia's short sea shipping market. For this purpose, this study builds a model to estimate the total logistics cost of two transportation means. And analyze the cost competitiveness of Lo-Lo and Ro-Ro in general situations. Also, the model is applied to estimate the total logistics cost of the double number trailer demonstration project and suggest the growth potential of Ro-Ro transportation method.
The total logistics costs of Lo-Lo and Ro-Ro were calculated by selecting Busan-Hakata, Busan-Shimonoseki and Busan-Osaka routes and applying the same conditions. As a result, the cost competitiveness of Lo-Lo is higher than Ro-Ro on most routes, and Ro-Ro is competitive only for high-value cargo transportation. However, as a result of the total logistics costs of the double number pilot project, Ro-Ro reduced total logistics costs by about $435 per FEU compared to Lo-Lo by reducing freight packaging costs. Also, Ro-Ro transport achieved seamless supply chain, which significantly decreased lead time. Future research needs to extend the scope of the study to include other countries in Northeast Asia such as China. Also, it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the analysis results by applying more variables to affect total logistics cost. Finally, it is essential to change the perception of competitiveness in Ro-Ro transportation. Ro-Ro systems should be regarded as the core of a more sustainable short sea shipping supply chain that integrates maritime transport and port-handling operations, and more in-depth research is needed.제 1 장 서 론 1
1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 1
1.2 연구 방법 및 구성 5
제 2 장 선행연구 고찰 8
2.1 국제근해운송 관련 선행연구(Lo-Lo, Ro-Ro) 8
2.2 운송수단 선택 관련 선행연구 14
2.3 화물 시간가치 산정 관련 선행연구 16
2.4 시사점 17
제 3 장 한국-일본 노선 Lo-Lo/Ro-Ro 운영현황 분석 19
3.1 Lo-Lo 및 Ro-Ro 운송 개요 19
3.2 한국-일본 노선 컨테이너 물동량 현황 20
3.3 한국-일본 주요 정기선 노선 현황 25
3.4 소결 32
제 4 장 한국-일본 노선 Lo-Lo/Ro-Ro 총 물류비용 분석 33
4.1 분석개요 33
4.2 총 운임 분석 34
4.3 시간비용 분석 37
4.4 포장비용 분석 44
4.5 한국-일본 노선 Lo-Lo/Ro-Ro 총 물류비용 분석 46
4.6 소결 63
제 5 장 한일 더블넘버 트레일러 시범사업 총 물류비용 산정 65
5.1 시범사업 소개 65
5.2 시범사업 총 물류비용 산정 75
제 6 장 결 론 79
6.1 연구결과 요약 79
6.2 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향 83
참고문헌 85
부 록 91Docto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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