1,720,979 research outputs found
Case study of raw materials substitution: Activated carbon substitution for wastewater treatments
No full textThe Reuse of Municipal Solid Waste Fly Ash as Flame Retardant Filler: A Preliminary Study
Full text linkThe growing increase in the production of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ashes has led to the research of new possibilities to reuse these by-products. This work aims to use MSW fly ash (FA) as a flame retardant filler. The FA was stabilized according to a simple stabilization process involving the mixing of only different ashes: bottom ash (BA), flue gas desulphurization (FGD) residues and coal fly ash (CFA). Stabilized FA, calcite and commercial flame retardants were compared as additives in an epoxy resin or polypropylene (PP) matrix. The self-extinguish performance of fillers was evaluated by fire resistance tests: the vertical burning test (UL94-V) and glow wire test (GWT) at 750 °C and 850 °C. A life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluation was also performed to estimate the reduction in environmental impact related to the production of the flame retardant with stabilized FA. The results show that this new filler is a promising alternative to traditional flame retardant. The ignition time of composites with calcite was lower than the corresponding sample with FA. From an environmental point of view, the replacement of calcite in an epoxy resin matrix or commercial flame retardant in a PP matrix with stabilized FA allows for a reduction in the impact of about 24.1% and 49.5%, respectively
PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A POROUS MATERIAL FROM POWDER MATERIALS, A POROUS MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF FOR THE CAPTURE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER AND ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
No full textSolvometallurgy as Alternative to Pyro- and Hydrometallurgy for Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, and Manganese Extraction from Black Mass Processing: State of the Art
Full text linkThe rapid growth in lithium-ion battery (LIB) demand has underscored the urgent need for sustainable recycling methods to recover critical metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches often suffer from high energy consumption, environmental impact, and limited metal selectivity. As an emerging alternative, solvometallurgy, and in particular the use of low-melting mixtures solvents, including deep eutectic solvents, offers a low-temperature, tunable, and potentially more environmentally compatible pathway for black mass processing. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of the recent advances (2020–2025) in the application of LoMMSs for metal recovery from LCO and NCM cathodes, analyzing 71 reported systems across binary, ternary, hydrated, and non-ChCl-based solvent families. Extraction efficiencies, reaction kinetics, coordination mechanisms, and solvent recyclability are critically evaluated, highlighting how solvent structure influences performance and selectivity. Particular attention is given to the challenges of lithium recovery, solvent degradation, and environmental trade-offs such as energy usage, waste generation, and chemical stability. A comparative synthesis identifies the most promising systems based on their mechanistic behavior and industrial relevance. The future outlook emphasizes the need for greener formulations, enhanced lithium selectivity, and life-cycle integration to support circular economy goals in battery recycling
Chemical analysis of air particulate matter trapped by a porous material, synthesized from silica fume and sodium alginate
Full text linkEmbodied energy as key parameter for sustainable materials selection: The case of reusing coal fly ash for removing anionic surfactants
No full textCoal fly ash (CFA) is an industrial by-product derived from coal combustion in thermal power plants. This abundant and low cost by-product is generally reemployed as an additive in the building industry. This work explores the possibility of recovering CFA as an adsorbing material for the removal of anionic surfactants dissolved in water, on the basis of data about concerning its embodied energy. Indeed, Although the CO2 footprint of CFA and activated carbon is comparable, CFA shows an extremely lower embodied energy with respect to activated carbon, the most used widely used material for surfactant removal. Surfactant are widely used in several detergents products, and enter into the environment through the discharge of sewage effluents. In this paper, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) is used as a model surfactant. Upon careful optimization of the CFA/SDS mass ratio, it was found that CFA is able to remove SDS from water with efficiency up to 96%. SDS adsorption onto the CFA surface was investigated and results point to a three-step mechanism, which stops with the final formation of a CFA supported SDS bilayer. There are two main results: first, the first one in the era of raw materials scarcity, the choice of to investigate the employ employment of a material in terms of its embodied energy must be considered; second, the second result this work opens new perspectives in the field of anionic surfactant removal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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