1,923 research outputs found
Wound Healing, Fibrosis, and the Myofibroblast: A Historical and Biological Perspective
No full textWound Healing, and the Myofibroblast: A Historical and Biological Perspective is the fruit of an interdisciplinary and international collaboration involving a historian of medicine (Dr. Zampieri), a physician (Dr. Coen), and a researcher (Prof. Gabbiani, world-renowned for his discovery of the myofibroblast). This book aims to draw a concise yet complete description of the conceptual evolution of wound healing, fibrosis and fibrosis-related pathologies from antiquity to present time, as well as commenting on the role of the myofibroblast and the key cell type essential for tissue repair and fibrosis (from its identification in 1971 throughout its 50-years-old history). By viewing this complex and century-long history from different perspectives, the book's authors aim to draw an exhaustive overview, with the hope of inspiring new and fruitful basic and clinical research
Multi-label classification of computed tomography scan reports
No full textThe digitalization of clinical reports and the ever-growing usage of electronic health records make possible the collection of huge amounts of data. This data can be used to explore strategies to come in aid of both the patients and the clinical personnel, in terms of inference tools that could hint diagnostic decisions in a relevant manner, or as a general research pool. This project specifically makes use of reports of Computed Tomography Scans of patients
with metastatic breast cancer. The aim of the thesis is to explore methods for multi-label text classification. The reports of interest are classified with a varying number of tags, depending on the location of the metastasis inferred
from the report, that comes in the form of a free text description. To address this problem, I used a set of algorithms, namely logistic regression (multinomial and one-vs-rest), k-Nearest-Neighbors (with ’uniform’ and ’distance’
weight), Multi-k-Nearest-Neighbors, and Support Vector Classifier; these algorithms were fed with different types of word embeddings (TF-IDF and doc2vec). Moreover, the fastText library was explored in its integrated word
embedding and text classification capabilities. At last, I used Fast-Bert, an open-source extension of Google’s BERT to specifically perform text classification.The results were not satisfying, due to the small size and the high
class imbalance of the dataset. However, the investigation of different techniques has shed light to the promising possibilities of some of the strategies used
Climate–Human–Land Interactions: A Review of Major Modelling Approaches
No full textInternational agreements on climate change have highlighted the role of land in climate and human dynamics, making it an issue of global importance. The modelling of land-related processes, sectors, and activities has recently become a central topic in economic and policy theory, as well as within environmental sciences. Modelling strategies have been improved and new datasets have come into light for land-cover and land-use change analysis. However, unexpected human behavior and natural constraints challenge the modelling of interdependences and feedback mechanisms amongst economies, societies, and the environment, resulting from land-use and cover change. This paper provides a detailed overview of the most representative and advanced methods and models developed to represent climate–human–land interactions. It offers a critical discussion about relevant methodological aspects, missing knowledge, and areas for future research
Finding Sociology in Its Funding? Networks, Relations, and Key Players in Late 20th Century Social Science
No full textIn this paper we start from Mark Solovey’s Social Science for What? to analyze the place and the role of the social sciences in the US National Science Foundation from the mid-1940s to the end of the 1980s. The book highlights the tensions that built up around the epistemic status of the social sciences vis-à-vis the natural sciences and the reputational debates surrounding their role and fate during and after the postwar period. We mostly focus our attention on structures, actors and processes not addressed by Solovey: relationships, networks, and patterns of stratification within and across disciplines; the emergence of novel approaches outside the scientistic and positivistic framework sponsored by the NSF; alternative sources of funding, such as the National Endowment for the Humanities; and a set of broader, long-term processes in the macro-field of the social and behavioral sciences. We present some preliminary data suggesting that a wider, theoretically-oriented approach might be fruitful in casting a more complex and dynamic portrayal of the development of American social science
Prefazione a: Le Miniere aurifere della valle Antrona. Storie di speleologia, v. 1 di Matteo Di Gioia
No full textEvolution of a poly-deformed relay zone between fault segments in the eastern Southern Alps, Italy.
No full textIn the eastern Southern Alps (NE Italy), Liassic north–south extensional structures are prominent. The southern Trento Platform also experienced extension during the Palaeogene, when reactivation of some pre-existing faults occurred, coupled with nucleation of new faults. During Neogene shortening, these structures were reactivated once again, but with strike-slip kinematics.
In this framework, the Gamonda–Tormeno restraining stepover represents the final result of an overlap zone which evolved through time. In the first stage (Lias to Early Cretaceous) a prominent splay developed at the tip of the Gamonda Fault by lateral propagation and breaching of independent segments. At the same time, there was kinematic interaction between the antithetic Gamonda
and Tormeno faults, followed by diachronous motion on crossing faults and the development of a narrow graben. During the second stage of extensional tectonics (Palaeocene to Early Oligocene), the reactivation and propagation of the overlapping faults along with the generation of new faults
led to deepening of the graben. In the third stage (Miocene to present), the final structure of a strike-slip restraining stepover was accomplished. Due to the mechanical stratigraphy and complex inherited architecture of the relay zone where stratigraphic sequences with different rheological properties are juxtaposed, the style of shortening is different in the western and eastern sides of the stepover. The Gamonda–Tormeno structure represents a unique example of how a relay zone may change through time
Dynamical Effects of the Increase of the Axle Load on European Freight Railway Vehicles
No full textThe development of an efficient freight railway system requires minimizing the travel time and maximizing the load capacity of trains. This objective can be achieved through three different strategies which can be adopted separately or in synergy. These strategies substantially consist of improvement of the load capacity of a single vehicle, increase in the train length, and increment of the vehicle velocity. The option to adopt simultaneously all three strategies is possible only when operating on dedicated infrastructures and specifically designing the vehicles and the track. This work shows the effect of the increment of the axle load, over the actual Italian limitation, on the most important indicators defined by the UIC regulation to homologate the vehicles. The calculations have been performed on a high-quality real track using a numerical model of a vehicle based on the Y25 bogie. In order to take into account higher axle loads, the vehicle primary suspension has been redesigned. The results show that an increment of the axle load is feasible until an axle load of 32.5 ton if speed is limited to 80 km/h, or until 30 ton if speed is limited to 120 km/h
A numerical method for the simulation of freight train emergency braking operations based on the UIC braked weight percentage
No full textThe present paper shows the development of a strategy for the calculation of the air brake forces of European freight trains.The model is built to upgrade the existing Politecnico di Torino longitudinal train dynamics (LTD) code LTDPoliTo, which was originally unable to account for air brake forces. The proposed model uses an empirical exponential function to calculate the air brake forces during the simulation, while the maximum normal force on the brake friction elements is calculated according to the indication of the vehicle braked weight percentage. Hence, the model does not require to simulate in detail the fluid dynamics in the brake pipe nor to precisely know the main parameters of the braking system mounted on each vehicle. The model parameters are tuned to minimize the difference between the braking distance computed by the LTDPoliTo code and the value prescribed by the UIC 544-1 leaflet in emergency braking operations. Simulations are run for different configurations of freight train compositions including a variable number of Shimmns wagons trailed by an E402B locomotive at the head of the train, as suggested in the literature. The proposed method gives the results in good agreement with the target braking distances calculated according to the international rules
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