1,720,973 research outputs found
Rappresentarsi il “nullaâ€: Indagine sul concetto di zero in bambini di 5-6 anni. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 34, 427-448.
No full textAlzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: Effects of shifting and interference in simple arithmetic.
No full textThe present study investigated arithmetic processing in patients with mild dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) without dementia. Arithmetic processing (e.g., 2+3=?, 3 x 4=?) was evaluated in (1) 'blocked' condition (without extra load on attentional and executive functions), in (2) 'mixed' condition (shifting between different operations was required), and in (3) 'Stroop-like' condition (executive control and inhibition of automatic retrieval processes were needed). Both DAT and MCI patients showed intact arithmetic knowledge retrieval from long-term memory in the blocked condition. However, DAT patients were compromised whenever load was put on executive functions, whereas MCI patients succeeded to shift between operations (mixed condition) but had difficulties to inhibit overlearned associations (Stroop-like condition). In line with previous studies, these findings point to the contribution of attentional and executive functions in arithmetic. The present investigation is also of clinical relevance: it suggests that it may be important to assess arithmetic processing not only in blocked presentation but also in mixed presentation. The mixed condition has a high ecological value because it mimics daily-life arithmetic activities (e.g., checking the grocery bill). As indicated by the present results, DAT and MCI patients who are in the normal range at routine neuropsychological (blocked) arithmetic assessments may experience difficulties by extra requirement of non-numerical resources. That means, they possibly process arithmetic not efficiently in daily-life situations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Selective IGT Decision Making Impairment in a Patient with Juvenile Parkinson’s Disease and Pathological Gambling. A Role for Dopaminergic Therapy?
No full textCognitive training improves ratio processing and decision making in patients with mild cognitive impairment
No full textBackground: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show lower decision making and ratio processing abilities as compared to healthy peers. Objective: To evaluate whether cognitive training on number processing and/or executive functions improves performance on ratio processing and decision making under risk. Methods: In a controlled cross-over study, patients with MCI (n = 23; mean MMSE 26.48, SD 2.43) underwent a week of numerical training followed by a week of executive-functions training (subgroup A), or vice versa (subgroup B). Before training (T1), patients performed experimental tasks of decision making (Game of Dice Task, GDT; Probability-Associated Gambling task, PAG-60 task) and of ratio processing as well as a neuropsychological background assessment. Experimental tasks were also administered after the first (T2) and the second (T3) training week. Results: The numerical training and the training of executive functions had a differential effect on experimental tasks of ratio processing. Only the numerical training proved to be effective. The effects of the two training types on decision making under risk were less clear-cut. While no changes over time were observed in the GDT, performance on the PAG-60 task improved in both training subgroups. These improvements were apparent in one subgroup after a period of executive-functions training, in the other subgroup after both training weeks. That means, improvements are not attributable to one specific training type. Conclusion: Patients with MCI can profit from a cognitive training on number processing and executive functions. Improvements are reflected in higher ratio processing abilities and more advantageous decisions after training. These results are consistent with assumptions of current cognitive models
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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