223 research outputs found
Protonated dipeptide losses from b 5 and b 4 ions of side chain hydroxyl group containing pentapeptides
No full textIn this study, C-terminal protonated dipeptide eliminations were reported for both b 5 and b 4 ions of side chain hydroxyl group (-OH) containing pentapeptides. The study utilized the model C-terminal amidated pentapeptides having sequences of XGGFL and AXVYI, where X represents serine (S), threonine (T), glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D), or tyrosine (Y) residue. Upon low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) of XGGFL (where X = S, T, E, D, and Y) model peptide series, the ions at m/z 279 and 223 were observed as common fragments in all b 5 and b 4 ion (except b 4 ion of YGGFL) mass spectra, respectively. By contrast, peptides, namely SMeGGFL-NH2 and EOMeGGFL- NH2, did not show either the ion at m/z 279 or the ion at m/z 223. It is shown that the side chain hydroxyl group is required for the possible mechanism to take place that furnishes the protonated dipeptide loss from b 5 and b 4 ions. In addition, the ions at m/z 295 and 281 were detected as common fragments in all b 5 and b 4 ion (except b 4 ion of AYVYI) mass spectra, respectively, for AXVYI model peptide series. The MS4 experiments exhibited that the fragment ions at m/z 279, 223, 295, and 281 entirely reflect the same fragmentation behavior of [M + H]+ ion generated from commercial dipeptides FL-OH, GF-OH, YI-OH, and VY-OH. These novel eliminations reported here for b 5 and b 4 ions can be useful in assigning the correct and reliable peptide sequences for high-throughput proteomic studies. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (109T430); State Planning Organization (Turkey
Ventricular Topology in Congenital Heart Defects Associated with Heterotaxy: Can We Find Patterns Reflecting the Syndrome-Specific Tendency for Visceral Symmetry?
No full textHeterotaxy syndrome is characterized by a tendency for bilaterally symmetric arrangement (isomerism) of inner organs. It is frequently associated with complex congenital heart defects (CHDs). In “heterotaxic” hearts, the tendency for isomerism is confined to the atria. The ventricular segment always shows asymmetric arrangements (D-hand or L-hand topology). This study aimed to determine the statistical distribution of ventricular topology among patients with CHDs associated with heterotaxy and to identify possible associations between ventricular topology and cardiovascular disorders and survival. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study on 192 patients treated at a single center between 2000 and 2023. Our cohort had 115 patients of left atrial isomerism (LAI) and 77 of right atrial isomerism (RAI). The whole cohort (n = 192) showed a bias towards ventricular D-hand topology (67%), which was statistically significant in LAI (74%). In contrast, RAI showed an almost equal distribution (57% D-hand, 43% L-hand). No significant associations were found between ventricular topology and major CHDs or mortality. Significant associations were observed between ventricular topology and cardiac apex position, direction of p-wave axis, and aortic arch sidedness. We conclude that, in the setting of heterotaxy, especially RAI, ventricular topology and aortic arch sidedness both behave as binary anatomical variables showing a tendency for randomized occurrence. This tendency for statistically symmetric distribution is interpreted as reflecting the syndrome-specific tendency for bilateral symmetry
Trends in Inequality in Pakistan between 1998-99 and 2001-02
No full textAlthough there has been a much debate on poverty in Pakistan in recent time, the discussion on inequality remained limited. Poverty and inequality are closely linked—for a given mean income, the more unequal the income distribution, the larger the percentage of the population living in income poverty. Thus, incomes at the top and in the middle of the distribution may be just as important to us in perceiving and measuring poverty as those at the bottom. It is, thus, important to monitor the whole income distribution rather than merely the bottom of distribution. The issue of income inequality in Pakistan has been important in the policy discussions since the early 1960s. Since then, a number of attempts have been made to estimate the income or expenditure inequality using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data. However, a perception of increasing absolute poverty in Pakistan has shifted the focus of studies from inequality (or relative poverty) to absolute poverty. Consequently, a number of attempts have been made by various authors/institutions to estimate the poverty in Pakistan in the 1990s. The debate on trends in poverty during the 1990s—an era of stabilisation and structural adjustment has been wide-ranging in Pakistan. However, there is no discussion on the changes in income distribution from the policy and institutional reforms. World Bank (2003); FBS (2001) and Kemal (2003) are only three exceptions. While the former two studies report Gini Coefficients in their studies on absolute poverty in Pakistan without explaining its variations over time, the latter study is a comprehensive review on the income distribution in Pakistan. It is this context that guided the author to evaluate the trends in inequality in Pakistan using the most recently available household data sets—PIHS 1998-99 and 2001-02. The results for the year 2001-02 are being presented for the first time, which should be useful to
Purchasing behaviours of X, Y, Z generation of consumers: It is a pilot research
No full textBilindiği üzere satınalma davranışı ama güdüsel ama ihtiyaçtan kaynaklanan bir durumdur. Fakat her iki durumda da satınalmayı gerçekleştirecek olan bizler, kendi isteklerimiz doğrultusunda içinde bulunduğumuz ortamdan, şartlardan etkilenmekteyiz. Bazen aileden gördüğümüzü devam ettirerek, bazen kendi kuşağımızı görmezden gelerek kendi kişiliğimizi tüketim olgusuna yansıtarak satınalmayı gerçekleştiririz. İşte bu nedenle de satınalma davranışı kişiden kişiye, kuşaktan kuşağa değişim ve de değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı da; pazarlama bilim dalında son yıllarda sıkça rastladığımız kuşak kavramının neden bu kadar önemli olduğuna ve kuşaklar arası süreçte özellikle satın alma davranışlarında sosyo ekonomik, psikolojik gibi değerlerin bizleri nasıl etkilediğine değinilmektedir. Gelenekçi kuşaklardan, azla yetinenen, teknolojiyi hayatlarının bir parçası haline getirip yerinden kalkmadan alışveriş yapan, ekonomik özgürlükleri olmadığı halde satınalma tercihleri olan ve bunu da kendi istekleri doğrultusunda gerçekleştirebilen kuşakları oluşturan belli yaş aralıklarındaki bireyler ile pilot bir saha çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında; tüm kuşaklara genel bir giriş ve de açıklama yapılmakla beraber satınalma ve tüketme olgusunu en çok gerçekleştiren ve de birbirinin devamı niteliğinde olan üç kuşak açısından incelenmiş X, Y ve de Z kuşağı tüketicileri üzerinde durulmuş ve saha araştırması da bu kuşaklarla yapılmıştır.As it is known consumer behaviour is a situation that is trigged by need and sometimes derived by motive. However in both of these occasions what drives us is the influence by the enviroment and the condition that we are in. Sometimes we reflect what we see from our family and sometimes by ignorning our generation and consume as a way of the reflecting our own characters. This is why consuming behaviours change from person to person and from generation to generation. The purpose of this study is; To make to make a point of marketing is influced by socio-ecenomic and pyschological branches of science on consuming behaviours during the process between generations and why this generation concept is very important during these last years. Afield study is made for certain age range of consumers who come from traditional generations that can be contented with little to people who made technology as a part of their lives who stop without getting up from where they are and doing this by not even having an ecenomical freedom but having consuming habits. In this thesis; general introduction is made for all generations and by making a statement of purchasing and consuming features of X, Y, Z generations of consumer the most and which is a continuation of each other. The field study is made and focused on these generations
Talat Koçyiğit's life, works and method of interpretation
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bilim DalıKur'an-ı Kerim 23 yılda peyderpey indirilmiş bir kitaptır. Kur'an'ın tedricen indirilmesinin amaçlarından biri anlaşılması ve yaşanmasıdır. Kur'an'ı ilk anlayan, kendisine vahiy indirilen Hz. Muhammed'dir. Hz. Peygamberden sonra da sahabe ve tabiin Kur'an yolunda ömürlerini vakfetmişlerdir. Kur'an hidayet rehberi olarak gönderilmiştir. Sahabe ve tabiinden sonra her asır içerisinde günün şartlarına göre tefsirler yazılmıştır. Son dönemde de (Prof.Dr) Talât Koçyiğit (1927-2011) Kur'an'ı Kerim Meal ve Tefsiri adlı çalışmayı kaleme almıştır. Koçyiğit eserini açık ve anlaşılır bir dille yazmıştır. Müellif her ne kadar tefsir yazsa da branşı hadis olduğundan hadislerle ayetler arasındaki ahengi yakalamıştır. Bu çalışmada Koçyiğit'in hayatından ve eserlerinden, ilmi kişiliğinden söz etmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın devamında geleneksel tefsirlerde olduğu gibi önce ayetle ve hadisle sonra sahabe sözüyle tefsir etmenin yanı sıra Kur'an ilimleri ve güncel tefsir problemlerine yer verilmiştir. Her bir konuda göze çarpan örnekler incelenmiş ve çalışmada yer verilmiştir. Yer verilemeyenler de dipnotta kaynak gösterilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Talât Koçyiğit, tefsir, hadis, Kur'an'ı Kerim, meal ve tefsiri.The Qur'an is a book that was revealed gradually over 23 years. One of the purposes of the gradual revelation of the Qur'an is to be understood and lived. The first person to understand the Qur'an is Hz. He is Mohammed. Hz. After the Prophet, the Companions and the Tabi'in dedicated their lives in the way of the Qur'an. The Qur'an was sent as a guide. After the Companions and the Tabi'un, tafsirs were written in every century according to the conditions of the day. Recently, (Prof.Dr) Talat Koçyiğit(1927-2011) has written the study of the Quran Meal and its Tafsiri. Koçyiğit wrote his work in a clear and understandable language. Although the author wrote tafsir, he caught the harmony between hadiths and verses because his branch was hadith. In this study, it has been tried to talk about Koçyiğit's life and works, his scientific personality. In the continuation of the study, as in traditional tafsir, the Qur'an sciences and current tafsir problems are included, as well as tafsiring first with verse and hadith and then with the word of the Companions. The outstanding examples in each subject were examined and included in the study. Those that could not be included are also cited in the footnote. Keywords: Talat Koçyiğit, tafsir, hadith, Quran, translation and commentary
Efficient degradation of environmental contaminants using Pd-RGO nanocomposite as a retrievable catalyst
No full textBaran, Talat ( Aksaray, Yazar )Abstract: Pd nanoparticles (NPs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite was prepared in a one-pot process by using Euphorbia stenoclada extract as antioxidant media in the absence of any surfactant, dangerous reactants or using external energy input. Catalytic potential of the fabricated Pd-RGO nanocomposite was examined for the degradation of environmental contaminants including Cr(VI), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). The Pd-RGO nanocomposite has been thoroughly characterized by employing X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis and TEM studies. Furthermore, recyclability and reusability aspects of the nanocomposite were monitored for multiple uses without much change in catalytic activity. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Prezidentas ir parlamentas: reikšmė valstybės politiniam stabilumui
No full textIn this article Talat-Kelpša attempts to depict a motley picture concerning the impact that the interinstitutional relations of the president and the parliament derive in the process of establishing a politically stable state and applies an attractive structural development of this clarified problem.
The author employs a method of research where the chronological aspect is of peculiar concern. By the same token, he shows how different governmental institutions lost or derived influence on each other due to what he terms as "formal" and "informal" processes (conditions). Constitutional separation of the branches of government acts as "formal," and subsequent (following this prior act) procedural and behavioral participation on the political arena, accomplishment of the duties assigned, incarnates "informal" processes. These two processes shape power and magnitude of some single institution.
The author inevitably produces certain conclusions that are of great interest: "semi-presidentialism gives incentives to bipolar tendencies, which, due to Lithuania\u27s experience, acting with the back-up of a mixed electoral system, may certainly produce an absolute one-party majority." But primarily, we are introduced to the theoretical analysis of the four models of the semi-presidential regime—the one, as the author claims, that Lithuania naturally adopted under the Constitution of 1992. In addition, we can find concise but accurate interpretations and comments on any of these shifts had, has, or might probably have to the political stability of Lithuania. Consequently, four types of the semi-presidential regime (the author intercepted them from A. Stepan and E. N. Suleiman) appear to be defined in the first part of the article.
Further on, the author ascertains that Lithuania has already experienced three (out of four) types of the mentioned models. He emphasizes that in the period of 1993-1996, Lithuania fitted the model of presidential majority best. Elections of Seimas, 1996, witnessed the imposition of the new model—the one of "coexistence." February events, 1996, disclosed a momentary appearance of the third script (when the presidential majority betrays the president and supports the Prime Minister).
Interesting remarks seem to appear in the study: the passive role that Brazauskas used to play in the field of domestic policy, his non-intervenance, has set a fruitful basement to the emergence of a stereotypically understood image of the president who is now primarily understood as the passive and the "good" one. Thus, the author argues that such a situation created a precedent. Future keen presidents should have additional complexities in attaining public support and overriding parliamentary resistance.
The second part of the article offers a deep insight into the sources that condition conflictuality in the model of "coexistence." In accordance with F. W. Rüb\u27s classification of these sources, the author ascertains several means the president should employ or would otherwise become symbolic. All the four sources authorize indispensable influence and direct threat to the political stability of the country where passiveness and non-establishment of the limits of competence favor parliamentary dominance.
Conclusively, it must be said that this article picturing the role both president and parliament play in determining the state of political stability is exceptionally favorable.Politinio stabilumo sąvoka gali būti suvokiama įvairiai: kaip politinių krizių nebuvimas, nuosaiki ir nepoliarizuota visuomenė, valstybinės politikos rutinizacija ir pan. Šiame straipsnyje politinis stabilumas siejamas pirmiausia su tarpinstitucinių santykių darna. Lietuvos pusiau prezidentiniame režime, kurį įtvirtino 1992 m. priimta Konstitucija, pagrindiniais politinio žaidimo veikėjais laikytini Seimas ir Prezidentas. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad neįtempti , aiškūs ir pakankamai korektiški prezidento ir parlamento santykiai ne tik padidina kompromisinio (t.y. pripažįstamo visoje sistemoje) sprendimo tikimybę, bet ir susilaukia visuomenės paramos, kuri šalies politinei santarvei turi labai didelės reikšmės. Straipsnis grindžiamas keturių pusiau prezidentizmo modelių analize, siekiant įvertinti kiekvieno jų galimybes bei pasekmes Lietuvos valstybės politiniam stabilumui
Specific rearrangement reactions of acetylated lysine containing peptide bn (n=4-7) ion series
No full textCharacterization of ε-N-acetylated lysine containing peptides, one of the most prominent post-translational modifications of proteins, is an important goal for tandem mass spectrometry experiments. A systematic study for the fragmentation reactions of b ions derived from ε-N-acetyllysine containing model octapeptides (KAcYAGFLVG and YAKAcGFLVG) has been examined in detail. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of bn (n=4-7) fragments of ε-N-acetylated lysine containing peptides are compared with those of N-terminal acetylated and doubly acetylated (both ε-N and N-terminal) peptides, as well as acetyl-free peptides. Both direct and nondirect fragments are observed for acetyl-free and singly acetylated (ε-N or N-terminal) peptides. In the case of ε-N-acetylated lysine containing peptides, however, specific fragment ions (m/z 309, 456, 569 and 668) are observed in CID mass spectra of bn (n=4-7) ions. The CID mass spectra of these four ions are shown to be identical to those of selected protonated C-terminal amidated peptides. On this basis, a new type of rearrangement chemistry is proposed to account for the formation of these fragment ions,which are specific for ε-N-acetylated lysine containing peptides. Consistent with the observation of nondirect fragments, it is proposed that the b ions undergo head-to-tail macrocyclization followed by ring opening. The proposed reaction pathway assumes that bn (n=4-7) of ε-N-acetylated lysine containing peptides has a tendency to place the KAc residue at the C-terminal position after macrocyclization/reopening mechanism. Then, following the loss of CO, it is proposed that the marker ions are the result of the loss of an acetyllysine imine as a neutral fragment.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (113Z172); State Planning Organization, DPT; Reseau National de Spectrometrie de Masse FT - ICR a tres haut champ (FR3624
Harmful Language Datasets: An Assessment of Robustness
No full textThe automated detection of harmful language has been of great importance for the online world, especially with the growing importance of social media and, consequently, polarisation. There are many open challenges to high quality detection of harmful text, from dataset creation to generalisable application, thus calling for more systematic studies. In this paper, we explore re-annotation as a means of examining the robustness of already existing labelled datasets, showing that, despite using alternative definitions, the inter-annotator agreement remains very inconsistent, highlighting the intrinsically subjective and variable nature of the task. In addition, we build automatic toxicity detectors using the existing datasets, with their original labels, and we evaluate them on our multi-definition and multi-source datasets. Surprisingly, while other studies show that hate speech detection models perform better on data that are derived from the same distribution as the training set, our analysis demonstrates this is not necessarily true
Nanofibrous wound dressing material by electrospinning method
No full textWound dressings are very useful materials for accelerating the wound healing process. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressings were produced from blending solution of Poly-lactic acid(PLA)/Chitosan(C)/Starch(S)/Zinc oxide(Z) by electrospinning method. Morphology, chemical interaction, mechanical, water uptake and weight loss tests were performed on each samples. Moreover, the biocompatibility of primary dermal fibroblast (ATCC, PCS-201-012) on prepared wound dressings was investigated with MTT assays in vitro, and the samples were found suitable for cell viability and proliferation. These results suggest that produced nanofibrous wound dressings can be promising candidate for wound dressing applications. [GRAPHICS]
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