343 research outputs found
Cosmological implications of Compton tails in long duration GRB
No full textThe recent suggestion of the possible presence of a significant amount of material (Thomson optical depth ∼ 1) at rest and at a typical distance of ∼ 1015 cm with respect to the GRB is presented. The relevance of such interpretation for GRB energetics and its cosmological implications is outlined
Gamma-Ray Bursts associated with Supernovae: a systematic analysis of BATSE GRB candidates
No full textWe examined the properties of a sample of BATSE Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) comprising events which have indications of association with a supernova (SN), some on the basis of indications of re-brightening in the optical afterglow light curve, but in most cases based only on the "loose" temporal and directional coincidence inferred from the cross correlation of catalogs. Despite the large uncertainties in the latter selection method, the temporal and spectral analysis reveal three interesting statistical results when the sample is compared with that of all the BATSE GRBs: the GRBs tentatively associated with SNe are found to predominantly (in similar to 80% of the cases) have single-peaked light curves, a softer spectrum (i.e. low energy power law index alpha similar to -1.5) and tend not to follow the Lag-Luminosity and Isotropic Energy-Peak Energy correlations. These three independent statistical properties point toward the existence of a significant number of under-luminous, GRB 980425-like events constituting - at least from an observational point of view - a tail or a separate class with respect to the whole of the BATSE GRB events. The unusually high percentage of SN Ibc among those identified by the catalog cross-correlation (a factor similar to four higher than expected from SN catalog statistics) reinforces the non-randomness of some of the selected events
Infrequent finding of metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2 in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Croatia
No full textOne hundred sixty-nine nonreplicate imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in a large hospital on the coastal region of Croatia were studied. The most active antibiotics were colistin and amikacin. Most of the isolates were multiresistant. The most prevalent serotype was O12, followed by O11. Six strains carried the bla(VIM-2) gene located in a novel class 1 integron composed in its variable part of the bla(VIM-2)-bla(oxa-10)-Delta qacF-aacA4 genes. Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains belonged to sequence types ST235 and ST111
Leigh's Disease: The Acute Clinical Course of a Two-Year-Old Child with Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy
No full textWe report the untypical clinical course of a previously healthy two-year-old girl, who died suddenly and unexpectedly after an episode of vomiting. At forensic autopsy no other pathological findings could be diagnosed than multiple reddish, sunken areas in brain stem, mesencephalon, and pons. Histologically they presented as areas of spongiosis of the neuropil with prominent endothelial hyperplasia and vascular proliferation whereas nerve cells were well preserved. On the basis of the characteristic neuropathological findings in combination with the age of the child, we had to take into consideration that the child might have died from subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's Disease) despite the untypical, fulminant clinical course
Diversity of carbapenemases in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Croatia—the results of a multicentre study
No full textAbstractSince the first carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was isolated in 2008, Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to one or more carbapenems have emerged sporadically in different geographical regions in Croatia. These observations gave rise to a multicenter study on carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from Croatia. Fifty-seven carbapenem-non-susceptible strains of Enterobacteriaceae were collected during 2011–2012 from four large hospital centres in Croatia. Overall, 36 strains produced VIM-1 β-lactamase, three produced NDM-1, and one produced KPC-2. A high degree of clonal relatedness was observed in Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii strains, in contrast to K. pneumoniae strains. BlaVIM genes were located within class1 integron which contained genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aacA4). The study found strong association between blaVIM and qnrB6 and between blaNDM and qnrA6 genes
Evidenzbasierte Kommunikation psychologischer Forschung mittels Plain Language Summaries: das Projekt PLan Psy
No full textDas Projekt PLan Psy: Evidenzbasierte Kommunikation psychologischer Forschung mittels Plain Language Summaries
No full textHintergrund/Fragestellung: Laienverständliche Kurzzusammenfassungen („Plain Language Summaries“: PLS) von meta-analytisch synthetisierter wissenschaftlicher Evidenz finden derzeit vor allem im Bereich der Medizin Anwendung. Wissenschaftlichen Laien wird hierdurch eine evidenzbasierte Grundlage für informierte Entscheidungen angeboten. Vorgaben und Kriterien für solche PLS variieren jedoch und sind nur teilweise empirisch fundiert [1]. Für die Entwicklung von PLS für psychologische Meta-Analysen existieren zurzeit noch keine evidenzbasierten Standards. Das Projekt „PLan Psy“ am Leibniz-Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation (ZPID) setzt hier an und hat zum Ziel, ein Regelwerk zu entwickeln, das evidenzbasierte Standards für die Abfassung von PLS für Meta-Analysen in der Psychologie bereitstellt. Schwerpunktmäßig wird im Projekt außerdem eine laiengerechte Kommunikation der „lebendigen Evidenz“ gemeinschaftlich erweiterter (“community-augmented”) Meta-Analysen [2] angestrebt sowie die laiengerechte Kommunikation von Verzerrungsrisiken in Meta-Analysen untersucht.
Das Projekt wird geleitet durch das ZPID und in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Leibniz-Institut für Resilienzforschung (LIR) durchgeführt.
Methoden: Zunächst sollen experimentelle Studien durchgeführt werden, in denen Charakteristika (z.B. die Länge, Grad der Strukturiertheit, Art des Ergebnisberichts, Lesbarkeit) von PLS psychologischer Meta-Analysen im Hinblick auf relevante Outcomes (z. B. Verständlichkeit, objektives Wissen) systematisch variiert werden. Das alltagsnahe Thema der Resilienz, dessen Relevanz auch medizinisch und psychologisch nicht geschulten Personen unmittelbar ersichtlich ist, dient dabei als inhaltliche Grundlage der untersuchten PLS. Aus den hierbei gewonnenen Erkenntnissen werden Kriterien für ein Regelwerk abgeleitet sowie passendes Schulungsmaterial für Autor*innen von PLS entwickelt und mittels einer Zielgruppenbefragung evaluiert.
Vorläufige oder erwartete Ergebnisse, Ausblick: Die Ergebnisse des Projekts in Form eines evidenzbasierten Regelwerks sowie der entwickelten Schulungsmaterialien werden öffentlich verfügbar gemacht. Das Projekt trägt zur Evidenzbasierung laiengerechter Kommunikation synthetisierter wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bei, wovon alle empirischen Fachdisziplinen profitieren können. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, die laiengerechte Abfassung von PLS in den Regelbetrieb des ZPID zur frei zugänglichen Dokumentation psychologischer Forschung aufzunehmen.
Literatur:
[1] Kadic AJ, Fidahic M, Vujcic M, Saric F, Propadalo I, Mareljah I, et al. Cochrane plain language summaries are highly heterogeneous with low adherence to the standards. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2016; 16(61). DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0162-y
[2] Burgard T, Bosnjak M, Studtrucker R. Community-augmented meta-analyses (CAMAs) in Psychology: Potentials and current systems. Zeitschrift für Psychologie [in press]
Code for: Big Data in Radicalization Research. A Systematic Review
No full textDie Erforschung extremistischer Radikalisierung hat durch digitale Verhaltensspurdaten, wie z. B. Social-Media-Posts oder öffentlich zugänglichen Medien, einen neuen Auftrieb erfahren. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass Big Data als „epistemologische Revolution“ angesehen wird, liefert die vorliegende systematische Literaturübersicht einen Überblick darüber, (i) welche Ziele, Datenquellen und Methoden im Rahmen von Spurdatenstudien in der Radikalisierungsforschung gewählt werden, illustriert exemplarisch einige Ergebnisse dieser Studien und (ii) analysiert welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu traditionellen Studien wie Fragebogen- oder Experimentalstudien bestehen. Grundlage für den Überblick liefern 63 Studien, von denen allerdings nur eine geringe Anzahl (k = 18) digitale Verhaltensspurdaten nutzten, während der Großteil aus traditionellen Zugängen (k = 52) besteht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Spurdatenstudien größtenteils darauf abzielten, Personen mit radikalen Einstellungen zu identifizieren und die Entwicklung radikaler Ansichten vorherzusagen. Insgesamt eröffnen sich durch Verhaltensspurdaten bisher ungenutzte Potentiale für die Analyse von Persönlichkeitsprofilen und die Untersuchung dynamischer sozialer Interaktionen derjenigen, die anfällig für extremistische Rekrutierung sindSupplementary material for: Batzdorfer, V., Steinmetz, H., & Bosnjak, M. (2020). Big Data in der Radikalisierungsforschung: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit. Psychologische Rundschau, 71(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000480Research into extremist radicalisation has been given a new momentum by digital traces of behaviour, such as social media posts or publicly accessible media. Against the background that Big Data is seen as an ‚epistemological revolution‘, this systematic literature review provides an overview of (i) the goals, data sources, and methods of trace data analysis chosen in radicalization research, as well as exemplifies some of the results of these studies, and (ii) analyzes the similarities and differences with traditional studies such as questionnaires or experimental studies. This overview is based on 63 studies, of which, however, only a small proportion (k = 18) used digital behavioural trace data, while the majority consist of traditional approaches (k = 52). The results show that trace data studies were largely aimed at identifying individuals with radical attitudes and predicting the development of radical views. Overall, behavioural trace data open up previously untapped potential for the analysis of personality profiles and the investigation of dynamic social interactions of those susceptible to extremist recruitment.PRISMA Flow Diagramm; Suchstrategie und Verwendete Datenbanken; Inkludierte Studien; Vollständiger BerichtacceptedVersio
Overcoming barriers to timely recognition and treatment of cancer cachexia: Sharing Progress in Cancer Care Task Force Position Paper and Call to Action
No full textAbstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening disorder affecting an estimated 50-80% of cancer patients. The loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with cachexia is associated with an increased risk of anticancer treatment toxicity, surgical complications and reduced response. Despite international guidelines, the identification and management of cancer cachexia remains a significant unmet need owing in part to the lack of routine screening for malnutrition and suboptimal integration of nutrition and metabolic care into clinical oncology practice. In June 2020, Sharing Progress in Cancer Care (SPCC) convened a multidisciplinary task force of medical experts and patient advocates to examine the barriers preventing the timely recognition of cancer cachexia, and provide practical recommendations to improve clinical care. This position paper summarises the key points and highlights available resources to support the integration of structured nutrition care pathways.Funding:
Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH and Helsinn Healthcare SA
Searching for GRBs at VHE with MAGIC: the status before CTA
No full textGamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are one of the main targets for current and next generation Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Given their transient behavior, especially in the case of their prompt emission phase, performing fast follow-up observations is challenging for IACTs, which have a narrow field of view and limited duty cycle. Despite this, MAGIC plays a major role in the search for Very High Energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from GRBs: this is possible thanks to its fast repositioning speed, low energy threshold and high sensitivity at the lowest energies. In 2013 the MAGIC GRB automatic procedure was upgraded, increasing the number of GRBs followed in the prompt and early afterglow phases and decreasing dramatically hardware failures during fast repositioning. Currently, only GRB 190114C was firmly detected in the VHE band, while for other GRBs no significant detection was achieved. In such a case, upper limits (ULs) can give insight into the physics driving such eluding sources, especially on their emission mechanisms. In this contribution we report on the status of the GRB follow-up with MAGIC and focus on the ULs and results obtained from a sample of GRBs observed between 2013 and 2018. This GRB catalog is the result of the MAGIC well-designed and tested follow-up procedure, and it serves as a precursor of GRBs observation with the next generation IACT system, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
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