4,029 research outputs found
Fruit quality assessment of watermelons grafted onto citron melon rootstock
No full textBACKGROUND: The grafting of watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) is a common technique that increases yield under stressful soil conditions. The most common rootstocks for watermelons are Cucurbita hybrids. However, they often have a negative impact on fruit quality. Exploiting novel Citrullus germplasm such as citron melon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is an alternative to avoid these quality problems. RESULTS: Citron melon has been validated as watermelon rootstock, comparing its effects on watermelon quality to those of Cucurbita hybrids. Larger fruits with thicker rinds were observed in fruits from plants grafted onto both citron and Cucurbita rootstocks. The citron melon had no significant effect on flesh sugars or acid profiles compared to non-grafted watermelons, except for an increase in glucose and malic acid content, which also occurred in the Cucurbita rootstocks. The aroma profile of fruits produced on citron melon was similar to that of the non-grafted and self-grafted controls. The citron rootstock did not display the increased levels of (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol (a compound associated with pumpkin-like odors) found in fruits produced with Cucurbita hybrids.
CONCLUSION: The low impact of citron melon rootstock on fruit quality, along with the enhanced resistance against nematodes, make the citron a promising alternative to Cucurbita rootstocks.This study was partially supported by the projec t funded by the
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R
(jointly funded by FEDER)
Measurements of the Z boson via the two-lepton channels in heavy ion collisions in ATLAS
No full textThe ATLAS experiment has observed 1995 boson candidates with 148,imb~ of integrated luminosity obtained in the 2011 LHC PbPb~ run at sqn=2.76,TeV. The bosons are reconstructed via di-electron and di-muon decay channels. The results from both channels are consistent with each other and are combined. The background is less than 3% of our selected sample. Within the statistical and systematic uncertainties, the boson yield integrated over |y|<2.5 is proportional to the number of binary collisions estimated by the Glauber model. The elliptic flow coefficient of the azimuthal distribution of the boson with respect to the event plane is consistent with zero, in line with expectations of production in unmodified hard scattering
Z Boson Production in p+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC
No full textThe ATLAS experiment has measured the production of Z bosons in p+Pb collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV from the 2013 LHC run. The Z bosons are reconstructed via the di-electron and di-muon decay channels. Results from the two channels are consistent and combined to obtain a total cross-section. The results on the rapidity and momentum differential cross-sections are also presented, and a significant difference is observed between the measurements and predictions for which nuclear modification to hadron structure are not considered. In addition the centrality dependence of the Z boson production is studied
Z Boson Production in p+Pb Collisions measured by the ATLAS Experiment
No full textThe measurement of Z bosons in heavy ion collisions is an excellent tool for probing the nucleus at the partonic level. The inclusive yield provides a stringent test of binary collision scaling. Recent ATLAS results demonstrate such scaling in Pb+Pb collisions. The 2013 p+Pb physics run at the LHC providing more than 30 nb^-1 of collisions at an energy of sqrt(s_NN)=5.02 TeV has made a detailed study of Z boson production in proton+nucleus interactions possible for the first time. These data may confirm binary scaling in the p-Pb system and help clarify the present ambiguity of centrality classifications in proton+nucleus collisions. Further, the momentum and rapidity differential yields of Z bosons allow the detection of any modification of the initial state present in such collisions
Molecular cloning, expression and functional analyses of citron kinase in zebrafish embryos
No full textCitron kinase (CRIK) 屬於絲胺酸/酥胺酸磷酸激酶，並為已活化Rho的下游作用蛋白之一。若於體外培養之哺乳細胞中過度表現喪失功能之CRIK突變種會造成細胞分裂的缺陷，此結果顯示CRIK會影響細胞分裂，其於細胞分裂溝及神經組織之聚集更增加其調控細胞分裂及神經發育之可能性。在果蠅發育過程CRIK雖為各類組織細胞質分裂所必需，而CRIK基因剔除老鼠胚胎早期可發育並出生，但於出生後伴隨明顯神經細胞分裂缺陷和凋亡而死亡。CRIK基因可能在不同物種間有差異或有功能相近之同源基因存在，而導致其在不同物種之功能差異，為探討CRIK在發育過程的基因表現及其功能，我們在模式動物斑馬魚中以in silica cloning和RACE方式選殖出斑馬魚CRIK基因(zcrik)，比較分析其與其他物種CRIK蛋白質序列，利用RT-PCR偵測到成魚腦、眼睛、腎臟、胰臟、卵巢及睪丸組織中皆有zcrik的表現，在原位雜合試驗(in situ hybridization)中可見在發育24小時胚中zcrik表現多在細胞具有高度增殖的區域，如神經先驅細胞等，此現象與先前發表在老鼠表現模式相類似。為了進一步探討zcrik在斑馬魚發育的功能，我們顯微注射morpholino oligonucleotides (MO)至一胞期胚來抑制zcrik mRNA之轉譯，結果顯示zcrik-MO處理過之胚在發育六小時內死亡率較對照組高，並於早期細胞分裂時期有分裂不完整與不正常分裂情形發生，此分裂嚴重受干擾的胚亦在之後細胞遷移過程產生障礙，使得胚無法繼續正常發育而死亡，而存活之胚在受精後24小時觀察其外觀上有明顯無頭和神經管消失等缺陷發生，此結果和先前研究中指出CRIK對神經細胞分裂發育有影響相呼應，再則此等胚之缺陷與過度腹部化(ventralized)的胚型態相類似，由此推測z CRIK在胚發育時期不僅具有調節細胞分裂與神經發育的功能，對於斑馬魚的原腸胚發育過程及背腹部化亦有一定程度的影響。Citron kinase (CRIK) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of serine-threonine kinases and is a target molecule for activated Rho. CRIK has been suggested to be involved in regulating cytokinesis in mammalian cells due to the inhibition of cytokinesis by overexpressing dominant negative CRIK. It accumulates at the cleavage furrow and neuronal tissues that implies its roles in early development and neurogenesis. In Drosophila melanogaster, CRIK is essential for normal cell division in all tissue of Drosophila, while the knock out citron kinase allows early embryonic development, but shows defective neurogenesis in mice. To further study the role of CRIK in development, we utilized the recently developed vertebrate model, zebrafish. In this study, we first isolated the zebrafish citron kinase (zcrik) by in silica cloning and RACE experiments. Secondly, the zcrik expression patterns were examined using in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. We found that zcrik mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in adult zebrafish tissues including brain, eye, ovary, testis, kidney, spleen and gill. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of different developmental stages of zebrafish embryos revealed that zcrik expressed in the entire embryo until 18 hour post fertilization and the expression of zcrik mRNA was limit to the proliferate neuroblasts and tissues that is consistent with the expression pattern in mice. Lastly, to evaluate the functions of CRIK in zebrafish development, we applied etopic expression analysis and morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) knockdown to the developing zebrafish embryos. Functional analysis results demonstrated that gain or loss of function of zCRIK resulted defects in cytokinesis, epiboly formation and embryonic death. In addition, the MO-knockdown resulted in severe defects in CNS with little or no head structure formation, which are the characteristics of ventralized embryos at 24 hpf. These results suggest that, in addition to cytokinesis and neuronal development, citron kinase is also essential for gastrulation progressing and may be involved in dorsal-ventral patterning during development.CONTENTS
CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
LIST OF TABLE……………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………1
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………2
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………4
MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………9
Cloning of citron kinase cDNA……………………………………………………9
Blasting…………………………………………………………………………9
RNA isolation…………………………………………………………………9
Single-strand cDNA synthesis ……………………………………………10
PCR amplification……………………………………………………………11
Purification of PCR products and subcloning……………………11
Mini-preparation of plasmid DNA………………………………………12
Expression vector construction and in vitro transcription………12
Subcloning of zCRIK kinase domain fragment into T7TS expression vector12
Synthesis of mRNA of zcrik-k………………………………………………12
Antisense Morpholino design and preparation…………………………………14
Microinjection and observation…………………………………………………14
Whole mount in situ hybridization……………………………………………15
Staining of actin cytoskeleton…………………………………………………15
RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………16
Isolation of the zebrafish citron kinase homolog………………………………16
Expression of zebrafish citron kinase during development……………………18
Overexpression zebrafish citron kinase domain during development…………19
Knockdown zebrafish citron kinase by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides…19
DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………23
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………33
TABLE………………………………………………………………………………42
FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………4
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No full textThe author examines the controversies surrounding cyber-harassment, arguing that it should be considered a matter for civil rights law and that social norms of decency and civility must be leveraged to stop it. --Publisher's description.In an in-depth investigation of a problem that is too often trivialized by lawmakers and the media, Citron exposes the startling extent of personal cyber-attacks and proposes practical, lawful ways to prevent and punish online harassment. She reveals the serious emotional, professional, and financial harms incurred by victims. Persistent online attacks disproportionately target women and frequently include detailed fantasies of rape as well as reputation-ruining lies and sexually explicit photographs
Study of correlations between neutral bosons and jets in lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textThe correlations of jets with neutral bosons is a particularly powerful tool to probe the underlying physics of jet quenching. To gain insight into the physics of this process we can study Z-jet and gamma-jet correlations. Because the Z and photons do not directly couple to the strong force, in a jet+boson event the unmodified bosons allow us to access the modification of the opposite side jet; unlike dijet events, where both jets potentially lose energy, these bosons provide an excellent calibration of the energy of the recoil jet. The jets are measured in the same calorimeter, over a range of jet radii, and benefit from the detailed information about the shower profile. The ATLAS experiment has measured jet correlations with both direct photons as well as with Z bosons via dilepton channels in Pb+Pb collisions with =2.76 TeV in a data sample of nearly 0.15 nb of integrated luminosity. The measurement of these correlations will be presented
Correlations Between Neutral Bosons and Jets in Pb+Pb Collisions at 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
No full textThe correlations of jets with neutral bosons is a particularly powerful tool to probe the underlying physics of jet quenching. To gain insight into the physics of this process we can study Z-jet and gamma-jet correlations. Because the Z bosons and photons do not directly couple to the strong force, in a jet+boson event the unmodified bosons allow us to access the modification of the opposite side jet; unlike dijet events, where both jets potentially lose energy, these bosons provide an excellent calibration of the energy of the recoil jet. The jets are measured in the same calorimeter, over a range of jet radii, and benefit from the detailed information about the shower profile. The ATLAS experiment has measured jet correlations with both direct photons as well as with Z bosons via dilepton channels in Pb+Pb collisions with sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV in a data sample of nearly 150 ub^-1 of integrated luminosity. The measurement of these correlations will be presented
Heavy Ion Physics with ATLAS
No full textAn overview of the ATLAS results from Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV will be presented. The results for hard probes include both single jet and di-jet measure- ments, W and Z bosons, photons, and high pT charged tracks. Taken together these re- sults provide a compelling picture of the interaction of hard particles in the dense QCD medium. Additionally, ATLAS has measured properties of the bulk particle production including charged particle multiplicity and extensive measurements of the azimuthal par- ticle distributions and correlations. Results shown will be from the ∼ 10 inverse μb−1 of minimum bias recorded in the 2010 LHC heavy ion run, as well as from ∼ 0.15 nb−1 sampled in the 2011 LHC heavy ion run
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