1,721,213 research outputs found
On the sources of the black-white test score gap in Europe
No full textDifferences between black and White students in Britain are investigated. If black parents Would invest in education as Much as white parents do the racial test score gap in mathematics and reading would be reduced by 7 and 9%. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Search activities, cost of living and local labor markets
No full textA model is considered in which optimal search intensity is a result of a trade-off between short-run losses due to higher search costs (more interviews, commuting, etc.) and long-run gains due to a higher chance of finding a job. We show that this optimal search intensity is higher in areas characterized by larger cost of living and/or higher labor market tightness. This model is then tested for England on a panel of sub-regional data. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity between areas and other endogencity issues, both the local cost of living and the local labor market tightness are found to have a positive and significant effect on jobless average search intensity. (c) 2065 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Urban Crime and Ethnicity
No full textUsing spatial data analysis techniques, we compare the spatial distribution of crime and the black population density across the London boroughs. We show that the higher is the density of the black population in a given borough, the higher is the crime rate. This effect is still positive but lower for neighboring boroughs and ceases to exist beyond a 40 minute driving distance. Such results are consistent with models of social interactions where relationships are stronger between individuals of the same ethnic group and highly localized
Spatial mismatch, transport mode and search decisions in England
No full textWe develop a theoretical model in which whites mainly use private vehicles to commute whereas nonwhites use public transportation. We show that, for both whites and nonwhites, higher (time) distance to jobs leads to lower search effort. Because of different transport modes, we also show that, at exactly the same (time) distance to jobs, white unemployed workers search more intensively than nonwhites because it is less costly for them to gather information about jobs. We then test this model using English sub-regional data. We find that, for each race, indeed, living in areas where distance to jobs is higher yields the unemployed to search less than in areas with better job access. We also find that having access to a car increases search intensity for both whites and nonwhites. Finally, closing the racial gap in car access and distance to jobs would considerably narrow the difference in search intensities between whites and nonwhites. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Ethnic networks and employment outcomes
Full text linkThis paper explores the relationship between residential proximity of individuals from the same ethnic group and the probability of finding a job through social networks, relative to other search methods. Using individual-level data from the UK Labour Force survey and spatial statistics techniques, we find that (i) the higher is the percentage of a given ethnic group living nearby, the higher is the probability of finding a job through social contacts; (ii) this effect decays very rapidly with distance. The magnitude, statistical significance and spatial decay of such an effect differ depending on the ethnic group considered. We provide an interpretation of our findings using the network model of Calvo-Armengol and Jackson (2004). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS AND PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF EDUCATION*
Full text linkWe analyze the intergenerational transmission of education focusing on the interplay between family and neighborhood effects. We develop a theoretical model suggesting that both neighborhood quality and parental effort are of importance for the education attained by children. This model proposes a mechanism explaining why and how they are of importance, distinguishing between high- and low-educated parents. We then bring this model to the data using a longitudinal dataset in Britain. The available information on social housing in big cities allows us to identify the role of neighborhood in educational outcomes. We find that the better the quality of the neighborhood, the higher is the parents' involvement in their children's education. A novel finding with respect to previous U.S. studies is that family is of importance for children with highly educated parents while it is the community that is crucial for the educational achievement of children from low-educated families
ERMES. Équipe de recherche sur les marches l'emploi et la simulation, Jacques-François Thisse, Yves Zenou, Segmentation et marchés locaux du travail, in : Document Ermes, octobre 1997, n° 97-10, 1997
No full textERMES. Équipe de recherche sur les marches l'emploi et la simulation, Jacques-François Thisse, Yves Zenou, Segmentation et marchés locaux du travail, in : Document Ermes, octobre 1997, n° 97-10, 1997. In: Formation Emploi. N.87, 2004. p. 102
ERMES. Équipe de recherche sur les marches l'emploi et la simulation, Jacques-François Thisse, Yves Zenou, Segmentation et marchés locaux du travail, in : Document Ermes, octobre 1997, n° 97-10, 1997
No full textERMES. Équipe de recherche sur les marches l'emploi et la simulation, Jacques-François Thisse, Yves Zenou, Segmentation et marchés locaux du travail, in : Document Ermes, octobre 1997, n° 97-10, 1997. In: Formation Emploi. N.87, 2004. p. 102
Measuring Ethnic Identity and Its Impact on Economic Behavior
Full text linkThe paper advocates for a new measure of the ethnic identity of migrants, models its determinants and explores its explanatory power for various types of their economic performance. The ethnosizer, a measure of the intensity of a person's ethnic identity, is constructed from information on the following elements: language, culture, societal interaction, history of migration, and ethnic self-identification. A two-dimensional concept of the ethnosizer classifies migrants into four states: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization. The ethnosizer largely depends on pre-migration characteristics. Empirical evidence studying economic behavior like work participation, earnings and housing decisions demonstrates the significant relevance of ethnic identity for economic outcomes.Ethnicity, ethnic identity, acculturation, migrant assimilation, migrant integration, work, cultural economics
Measuring Ethnic Identity and Its Impact on Economic Behavior
Full text linkThe paper advocates for a new measure of the ethnic identity of migrants, models its determinants and explores its explanatory power for various types of their economic performance. The ethnosizer, a measure of the intensity of a person's ethnic identity, is constructed from information on the following elements: language, culture, societal interaction, history of migration, and ethnic self-identification. A two-dimensional concept of the ethnosizer classifies migrants into four states: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization. The ethnosizer largely depends on pre-migration characteristics. Empirical evidence studying economic behavior like work participation, earnings and housing decisions demonstrates the significant relevance of ethnic identity for economic outcomes.Ethnicity, ethnic identity, acculturation, migrant assimilation, migrant integration,work, cultural economics
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