25 research outputs found
A comparative analysis of packet fragmentation with MPLS Unicast IP routing and OSPF in an IP-based network
No full textMultiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is acknowledged and widely used to overcome drawbacks in traditional Internet Protocol (IP) routing. This paper presents network performance on the effect of packet fragmentation over IP and MPLS networks. Performance analysis on Windows XP is evaluated which tested in an environment using GNS3 which emulates on real environment telecommunication network. Network performance observed on Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) with and without MPLS label implementation accompanied by combination of different data sizes and different Maximum Transfer Units (MTUs). Round-Trip-Time (RTT) is calculated on throughput and packet loss. Results present an analysis performance on different protocols, data sizes and produced MTUs. OSPF provides better RTT and throughput compared to MPLS with default MTU setting. Better RTT and calculated throughput performance is obtained by increasing the MTU for interface, IP and MPLS. RTT for MPLS is slightly higher due to the introduction of label to each packet send. Packet loss behavior is similar in both OSPF and MPLS which more visible when fragmentation happened. This study concludes that upon packet fragmentation, performances are degrade
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF INTERNET TRAFFIC IP- BASED NETWORK FOR TELE-TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
Get PDFABSTRACT This paper presents a statistical analysis and best fitted distribution model of internet traffic IP-based Network for tele-traffic engineering. One IP-based campus network architecture is studied which support of 16Mbps Committed Access Rate (CAR) speed line to Wide Area Network (WAN). Solarwinds network monitoring traffic toolbox is setup at the gateway router from inside campus network to the WAN in collecting real live throughput internet traffics. Daily throughput flows in Mbyte are collected in every ten minutes inter-arrival time. Statistical method on fitted Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) is evaluated on collected throughput with Matlab software. Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) technique is used to identify the maximum MLE log-likelihood which characterized as best fitted CDF distribution. Normal, Lognormal, Exponential and Weibull CDF fitted on throughput are presented. Among the four distributions, CDF Weibull is identified as the best traffic characteristic based on MLE maximum log-likelihood. Day7 is identified as best fitted that presents fitted 2-parameter Weibull which is Scale α =641.04 and Shape β =1.36 and fitted 3-parameter Weibull which is Scale α =551.76, Shape β =1.15 and threshold θ=63. Detail characteristics on day 7 and day 1 are presented and taken as benchmark model for future traffic algorithm.These results are valuable on modeling future tele-traffic engineering algorithm like policing, shaping, scheduling or queue which is based in real IP-based campus network environment. It is also useful for future prediction of tele-traffic models
Effects of Different Foaming Agent Types and Ratios on Physicochemical Properties of Foam Mat Freeze Dried Roselle Powder
No full textHibiscus sabdariffa L. has been utilised in traditional medicine and its roselle calyx extract offers potential as a natural colourant alternative to synthetic red colourant in food products. Fresh roselle calyxes have a limited shelf life thus, drying and processing into powder can improve its shelf stability and preserve the quality and nutritional content. The objective of this study is to study the effect of different foaming agent ratios on the physicochemical properties of foam mat freeze dried (FMFD) roselle powder. The roselle powder was produced by mixing 5% (w/v) maltodextrin with foaming agents, whey protein isolate (WPI) and egg albumen (EA) at concentrations of 5%, 15%, and 30% (w/v), followed by freeze-drying for 24 hours. The FMFD roselle powder produced was further analysed for its total soluble solids, moisture content, water activity, bulk density, tapped density, flowability, solubility, colour and vitamin C. From this study, the total soluble solids, bulk density, tapped density, flowability and solubility of the FMFD roselle powder increase significantly as the foaming agent concentration increases. However, the moisture content, water activity, colour, and vitamin C content of FMFD roselle powder decrease significantly as the concentration decreases. In comparison to EA, whey protein isolate exhibits better moisture removal, reduced water activity, increased solubility, and a higher vitamin C concentration when used as a foaming agent. Meanwhile, EA, as a foaming agent, retained the colour of FMFD roselle powder the most, compared to the control sample. As a recommendation, FMFD roselle powder can be used in the food industry as a natural food colourant in various food products
Systematic review of sustainable design approach for mosque
Get PDFAs one of the prominent public spaces for the community, Mosque is considered one of the high energy consumption buildings. Many modern mosques are designed and built without respecting the contextual environment, resulting in a non-environmental friendly Mosque. In Malaysia, the operating cost of mosques is majorly relying on public funds, and statistically are high specifically for electricity usage. Due to the use of air conditioners in cooling down the huge prayer hall due to the non-environmental design consideration. Hence, it is crucial to justify sustainable design approaches in mosques to develop environmentally friendly mosques. On the other side, the environmentally friendly mosque design is important as one of the monumental Islamic symbols that shall manifest Islam's values and philosophies towards the benefits of 'Alam' (world). The main objective of this study is to analyze the principles of Islamic methods in attaining the attributes of sustainable mosque design. It systematically reviews the existing publications to discover the concepts, definitions, and issues regarding the sustainable design approaches for Mosque. Based on the conducted reviews, sustainable design strategies for mosques are suggested at the end of this paper. The Mosque can use some renewable technologies to save energy and be concerned about the climate condition of its design. Furthermore, it can also use sustainable materials, use natural ventilation and daylighting to provide good indoor air quality and be concerned about the social life of Muslim religious activities
