1,721,017 research outputs found
Development of Indonesia´s tobacco farming and business in the era of FCTC
No full textBackground and challenges to implementation
Indonesia is one of the biggest producers and consumers of tobacco
products (mainly cigarettes) and also one of the largest producers of tobacco.
Indonesia is one of eight countries who has not ratified the WHO FCTC. Currently,
Indonesia is at a crossroad in controlling production and consumption of tobacco
and tobacco products. The government is reluctant to effectively implement the
existing regulations on controlling production
and consumption of cigarettes and tobacco since he receives a large amount of tax incomes from tobacco products,
and tobacco
farming also absorb a large amount of agricultural labors.
Intervention or response
The existence of regulation that explicitly and comprehensively control production
and consumption of tobacco and tobacco product is a necessary condition to
Indonesia. Indonesia´s policy should be adapted to be inline with the situations in FCTC era. Strategies and programs in development of tobacco farming and business
need to develop to support tobacco farmers
in meeting the local tobacco demands and at the same time increase farmers'
welfare.
Results and lessons learnt
Most of the
farmers are poor, since they operate at low area of land, low productivity, high
production costs, and low price of output.
In addition, under the current policy regime, Indonesia imports a large
amount of tobacco, ranging from 45 to 75 percent of total domestic tobacco production, thus has negative
consequences on the prices of tobacco and the incomes of farmers.
Conclusions and key recommendations
The affirmative programs in developing tobacco business, including: development of
alternative crop to tobacco, provision of support programs to the farmers in
implementing this crop conversion, reducing tobacco import level by promoting
the use of domestic tobacco, and
improvement in tobacco marketing are needed in the future. These programs have to be firmly and consistently implemented to optimize local tobacco production, increase farmers'
incomes and at the same time reducing the poverty level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ringkasan: Membangun Pemerintahan Sensitif Air di Bogor Raya
No full textTransformasi implementasi pengelolaan air perkotaan menjadi sistem yang lebih berkelanjutan merupakan tantangan pengelolaan air, yang melibatkan pekerjaan dalam kerangka sosial, politik, dan ekonomi di mana manajemen air perkotaan berada. Dalam mencapai Kota Ramah Air dibutuhkan pemikiran kembali dalam memahami dan menyampaikan pengelolaan air perkotaan – beralih dari model jasa penyaluran tunggal tradisional, ke penggabungan desain institusi yang lebih fleksibel, terintegrasi, dan kompleks untuk menanggapi dan mengakomodasi infrastruktur yang multifungsi dan adaptif
Factsheet: Governance for a water sensitive transition in Bogor Raya, Indonesia
No full text<div>Transforming urban water practices to more sustainable systems is widely regarded as a water governance challenge, which involves working within and across the different levels and layers of social, political and economic frameworks where urban water management takes place. Achieving a water sensitive city requires rethinking the way urban water governance is conceived of and delivered - moving beyond traditional single-service delivery models, to incorporate more flexible, integrated and complex institutional designs to respond to and accommodate multi functional and adaptive infrastructures.</div><div><br></div>
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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