4,227 research outputs found
On Hao-hsien(耗羨)
No full textThe term hao-hsien or huo-hao (火耗) means the loss in weight caused in the process of minting the silver coins. After the payment in silver of the land and poll taxes became the rule at the middle of the Ming dynasty, a kind of additional tax called huo-han came into existence. Generally speaking, it was about 10 per cent of the amount of the regular taxes, but sometimes it reached 30 to 50 per cent. While the regular taxes constituted the income of the Government, the huo-hao was taken by the rural tax collectors, who used about 20 per cent of it for adminstrative purposes, another 20 per cent for their own living, and the rest for bribery to their superiors. The latter gave, in turn, part of it to officials in the Central Government. From the economic viewpoint, the whole bureacratic system of the Ch'ing Government was operated on the basis of this huo-hao income. Emperor Shuo-chin tried to abolish the practice in vain, while Emperor K'ang-hsi was compeled to recongnize it semi-officially. The present author attempts to clarify why and how Emperor Yung-cheng made efforts to use the hitherto privately appropriated huo-hao for the benefit of the Government treasury, and to what extent was he successful in his endevors
Chen Quifan and Hao Ni visit CERN as guest artists
No full textChen Quifan, Chinese Sci-Fi author, and Hao Ni, Taiwanese artist, visit CERN as part of Arts at CERN guest programme
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
[[alternative]]A Study on Chang Hao
No full text[[abstract]]上篇為張昊先生年譜，包括︰先生家系、居鄉里時期（一歲∼十五歲
，1913∼1936年）、湖北時期（十六歲∼三十六歲，1937∼ 1946年）、
海外時期（三十六歲∼六十八歲，1947∼1979年）、返國定居時期（六十
八歲迄今，1979年∼）。下篇為張昊先生作品分析，先生的作曲歷程，依
地域可分為上海、外國（巴黎、義大利仙納城、德國柯隆）與台北三個時
期，截至1995年共有35首作品，而第三時期台北，為先生一生創作高峰。
筆者選其代表作品九首分析：（1）管絃樂曲：大理石花、華岡春曉、東
海漁帆（2）室內樂曲：梅山舞、茶山舞、深山古廟（3）合唱曲：西湖好
、關雎頌（4）協奏曲：小號協奏曲。最後結論將先生在國際漢學地位與
音樂界地位加以說明。
Part 1: The Chronicle History of Chang Hao Chang Hao's Family
Pedigree、The Period during Which He Stayed at Home（Age
1-15；1913-1936）、The Period during Which He Was Educated in
Hu-pei Province（Age 16-36；1937- 1947）、 The Period during
Which He Stayed Overseas（Age 36- 68； 1947-1979）、 The Period
during Which He Settles Down in His Mother Country（Age 68-now
；1979-now）﹒ Part 2：an Anlysis of Chang Hao's Compositions
He's compositional process can be divided--according to various
places--into the three stages：the first stage features the
works he produced in Shang-hai，the second one refers to the
works generated overseas（in Paris、in Italy、 in Germany），
while the third one encompasses the compositions he submitted
in Taipei﹒Up to 1995，he has produced thirty-five musical
compositions，and the third stage of his production（in Taipei）
was the time when he was most creative﹒In this study，Iam
going to analyze nine major works of his：（1）Orchestral Music
： Marble Flower﹔Early Spring in Hua-Gung﹔Fishing Boats in
Dong-Hai（2）Chamber Music：Meiflormont Dance﹔Tea-Mount Dance﹔
Ancient Temple Deep in the Mountains（3）Chorus Music：How Nice
Shi-hu is、 Hymn to Guan-ju（4）Concerto Music：Victoria
Part 1: The Chronicle History of Chang Hao Chang Hao's Family
Color-tunable upconversion luminescence of Yb ³⁺, Er³⁺, and Tm³⁺ tri-doped ferroelectric BaTiO₃ materials
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Hao Jianhua2012-2013 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
The Author of a Novel 'Tung-ou nü-hao-chieh (東欧女豪傑)
No full text‘Tung-ou nü-hao-chieh’ published in 1902-03, is one of the earliest works of Chinese literature which relates, though rather remotely, to anarchism. The most striking feature of this uncompleted novel is that its major characters are the historical figures in the Russian revolutionary movements of 1870s. They are especially the members of a group who formed in late 1870s an organization known as ‘narodnaya volya’; for instance, Sophia Perovskaya, Andrey Zhelyabov, Vera Figner, Stepan Khalturin, Alexander Solovyev, all of whom took part in various attempts against Alexander II’s life.The author of this novel used a pen-name Yü-i nü-shi (羽衣女士). A-ying (阿英-錢杏邨) believes that this pen-name was that of Chang Chu-chün (張竹君) while Feng Tzu-yu (馮自由) states that Lo P’u (羅普) wrote the novel.Chang Chu-chün, a woman doctor, who was trained by Dr. John Kerr of Canton, was a pioneer in the women’s movement of China. During the first decade of this century she vigorously advocated the cause of the betterment of women’s position in society. She put forward a unique argument on this subject. In practice, she rendered distinguished services in medical and vocational training for women. In the 1911 revolution, she took the initiative in Red Cross activities with her own volunteer Red Cross Society. It is not altogether impossible that she was the author.A closer look at the novel, however, reveals that the author seems to have been closely associated with Liang Ch’i-ch’ao(梁啓超). It is also apparent that the author obtained most of the information about the Russian revolutionists from Kemuyama Sentaro’s (煙山専太郎) Kinsei museifushugi (近世無政府主義). In this respect, it is more likely that Lo P’u, who was an intimate friend of Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and a student of the Waseda University, which published Kemuyama’s book in 1902, was the author of this novel.journal articl
Hao Shi Shi Hao : food education for children in the way of exploration, which is based on 24 solar terms
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALEAttualmente, la questione alimentare in cina è diventata uno dei temi
all'ordine del giorno.I genitori sono molto preoccupati per i problemi di salute della
dieta del bambino. Ma la Cina non è riuscita ad avere un sistema efficace per
migliorare la situazione alimentare dei bambini. I sondaggio hanno rilevato che la
ragione principale di questa situazione è che la "questione dieta" viene presentata in
manierea noiosa, diventando così più complicato farla accettare dai bambini.Se si
riuscissero a combinare il calendario lunare e la cultura popolare insieme, esplorando
il tipo di educazione, il significato di educazione alimentare sarebbe ancora più ampio
e maggiormente in grado di essere accettato.Come risolvere i problemi complessivi
della dieta nella loro espressione in termini solari, della cultura popolare e
dell'educazione dei bambini? Il servizio di progettazione del prodotto del sistema è
un modo efficace.L'autore ha progettato un sistema di servizio di ristorazione basato
sul coraggio morale di esplorare bambini: HAO SHI SHI HAO(Mangiare sano), e
praticare la parte più importante del sistema: le toolbox dei tre corsi e ottenere un
feedback, e migliorato. Le idee progettuali generali sono le seguenti:
1. Con un gran numero di casi di studio e di ricerca, ha ottenuto le 12 industrie
nel modello NEW PSS. Inoltre, l'autore definisce la misura del NEW PSS:
A) buon orientamento.
B) piattaforma open-source: più il ruolo di partecipazione pro-attiva, un'
allocazione delle risorse più sostenibile. Questo articolo vorrebbe progettare una
direzione di ricerca.
2. HAO SHI SHI HAO elementi di settore sostituito nel modello di progettare un
sistema di tre toolbox di origine a corsi aperti. La toolbox degli attrezzi può essere
copiata in altre regioni, il suo contenuto e la composizione può essere migliorata,
attraverso l'innovazione.
3. Dal tempo ai giorno d'oggi, il cibo e la cultura popolare in nome della casella
degli strumenti per progettare un corso di applicazione pratica, e metterlo in pratica.
In breve, l'autore ha progettato il HAO SHI SHI HAO, non solo sperare di
prendere piede nel mercato in crescita, e ancor più possiamo vedere la salute dei
futuri figli, e, infine, riflettono una profonda cura umanistica.Nowadays, diet problem becomes to be one of the hottest topic in China.
Especially, parents pay a lot of attention to their kid’s diet and health. But until now,
China hasn't an effective way to solve the problem of letting children know the
importance of diet. After vast amounts of research, the main reason is found: the
knowledge of food and diet is too boring and they have too much information for
children to accept and remember. If food education can be combined with folk
culture and exploring method, it will easier for children to learn. How to solve the
problem: healthy diet, 24 solar terms; folk culture and children's education at the
same time? PSS is the most effective way.
The PSS designed by author is called HAO SHI SHI HAO(好食时好), which is
based on 24 solar terms and in the way of exploring to educate children how to eat
right. The toolkit of the course setting, also the most important part of the PSS, has
been prototyped and put in practice, which proved to be good for children. The
feedback has been collected and the system has been improved. The design
processes are as follows:
1. Make the models of 12 industries PSS design methods through a large number of
case studies and research. Also, generalize the yardstick of the NEW PSS: good value;
an open-source platform with more active actors and better allocation of resources.
2. Put the features of HAO SHI SHI HAO to the models and use the methods of
models to design the toolkit of course setting. The opem-source toolkit can be copied
in every area of China. The elements of the toolkit can be chose and reorganized by
users to solve their own problems.
3. Put the key words of one certain solar term into the toolkit. Launch a
brainstorming and design real courses and put them into practice.
To sum up, HAO SHI SHI HAO not aims at being grounded on the market or a
larger scale. It focus on children's healthy future and deeper human care
On the Translation of English Hard News under Inter-cultural Background
No full textThe author firstly introduced the characteristics of hard news form the perspectives of the structure, linguistic features and language style. Secondly, numerous cultural background factors are classified into six types including geographical environment, life style, traditional customs, religious beliefs, historical allusion and literature connotations which are the underlying causes of cultural barriers occurred in the hard news translation. To remove the cultural barriers, based on the Lawrence Venuti’s (1995) foreignization and domesticaiton translation theory, the paper presents principles for hard news translation. By giving a large number of instances of hard news translations, this paper mainly focuses on such issues as the characteristics of hard news, the influence of the inter-culture on the hard news translation, and relevant translation strategies, and last but not least, attaches significance to the inter-culture awareness of the translator during the process of hard news translation.</jats:p
Correction: Ding, X.; Liu, G.; Du, M.; Guo, H.; Qiao, H. and Gerada, C. Development of an Axial Flux MEMS BLDC Micromotor with Increased Efficiency and Power Density. Energies 2015, 8, 6608–6626
No full textWe wish to make the following change to the published paper [1]. The name of the corresponding author should be “Hao Qian” instead of “Hao Qiao”. [...
Authenticity analysis of citrus essential oils by means of HPLC-UV-MS on oxygenated heterocyclic components
No full textEssential oils have been the key natural raw material in flavor and fragrance industry since its inception (Dugo et al., 2002). Citrus essential oil, as the largest essential oil group, comprises 70% of imported oils in US (Dugo et al., 2002). Their unique sensory properties have been widely accepted and applied in beverage, confectionary, perfume, house care and other fields. However, due to relatively simple chemical composition and tremendous price differences among citrus species, unscrupulous players have been tempted to practice adulteration in citrus oils for a long time. Addition of key aromatic chemicals into low-grade stripped oil or oil fractions is one way to lower the oil cost. Extending high quality citrus oil with oil fractions from a cheaper source is also taking place on regular basis. As they become increasingly sophisticated, perpetrators are capable of making blends that are almost indistinguishable from authentic oils through conventional GC analysis. As a consequence, essential oil industry is demanding definitive, sensitive, and efficient approaches to grade commercial citrus oils and keep adulterated oil from entering the finished products. A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for compositional study of essential oils from major citrus species (i.e., orange, mandarin, tangerine, lemon, lime, and grapefruit). Majority of the oxygenated heterocyclic components in citrus oils were identified by HPLC-MS and confirmed by previous literatures. Two hydroxylated PMFs (polymethoxyflavone) have been identified from cold pressed orange and tangerine oils for the first time. A comprehensive database of major PMF compounds is built with data collected from a large pool of industrial orange, tangerine and mandarin oil samples. Numerical ranges of PMF compounds for sample approval were extrapolated from the database. Meanwhile, principle components analysis (PCA) was carried out for sample classification. Based on the numerical limits and statistical analysis results, detailed information regarding the origin and history of oil samples can be revealed. Similar study will be performed on lemon, lime and grapefruit oil samples as well. The author is hoping this analysis procedure will be serving as a routine quality control test for authenticity evaluation and adulteration detection in citrus essential oils.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Hao Fa
- …
