971 research outputs found
福島第一原子力発電所事故によるモミ（Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.）の放射性セシウム汚染
No full text広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora
Radiocesium Contamination in Japanese Fir (Abies fi rma Sieb. et Zucc.) After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
No full textRadiocesium Contamination in Japanese Fir (Abies fi rma Sieb. et Zucc.) After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
No full textGestão do trabalho e participação: Chega de oba-oba?
No full textThis article aims at investigating the work management in the advertising agencies in the city of
Belo Horizonte. The scope for the analysis was the work developed by Meir (2005) in the book “End
of the fun”. The repercussion aroused by the considerations in the book was the reason to choose
this author, because she proposes a return to the old fashion way of managing the work. The
authors discusses that the forms of managing work are not suitable for the advertisement agencies
and the professional that work for them. She believes that the office cannot be an extension of the
home and the leisure. The qualitative research developed for this investigation presents data
related to the ways of working of these organizations and corroborates with the author’s
statements. It was observed that the employees of the agencies fall into two categories of workers:
a rigid group, that works under strict and well definite rules, and the other group that performs the
tasks in accordance with the demands of the client’s advertising campaign. The results point out to
other issues such as “the lack of creativity toward the administrative procedures” and the clear
division of the work relations in only one organization.Esse artigo tem por finalidade investigar a gestão do trabalho nas agências de publicidade do município de Belo Horizonte. O escopo para a análise da pesquisa foi o trabalho desenvolvido por Meir (2005), no livro “Chega de oba-oba”. A escolha pela autora foi proveniente da repercussão causada por suas considerações, visto que ela propõe um retorno às estruturas antigas nas formas de gerir o trabalho. A autora argumenta que as novas formas de gerir o trabalho não são adequadas para as agências e nem para os profissionais que nelas trabalham. Isto porque acredita que o local de trabalho não pode ser uma extensão do lar e do lazer. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, desenvolvida para essa investigação, apresenta dados sobre as formas de se trabalhar e corrobora com as teses da autora. Observou-se que os empregados das agências se enquadram em dois grupos de trabalhadores: um rígido, que trabalha sob regras muito definidas, e um outro que desempenha suas funções em acordo com as exigências demandadas pelas campanhas publicitárias dos clientes da organização. Os resultados apontam para outras questões tais como a “falta de criatividade dos procedimentos administrativos” e da nítida divisão das relações de trabalho nas empresas
Forecasting Climatic Trends Using Neural Networks: An Experimental Study Using Global Historical Data
No full textディープラーニングにより精度97%で気温の上下を推定する手法を開発 --疑似カラー画像による効率的な自動識別--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-04-26.Climate change is undoubtedly one of the biggest problems in the 21st century. Currently, however, most research efforts on climate forecasting are based on mechanistic, bottom-up approaches such as physics-based general circulation models and earth system models. In this study, we explore the performance of a phenomenological, top-down model constructed using a neural network and big data of global mean monthly temperature. By generating graphical images using the monthly temperature data of 30 years, the neural network system successfully predicts the rise and fall of temperatures for the next 10 years. Using LeNet for the convolutional neural network, the accuracy of the best global model is found to be 97.0%; we found that if more training images are used, a higher accuracy can be attained. We also found that the color scheme of the graphical images affects the performance of the model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy differs among climatic zones and temporal ranges. This study illustrated that the performance of the top-down approach is notably high in comparison to the conventional bottom-up approach for decadal-scale forecasting. We suggest using artificial intelligence-based forecasting methods along with conventional physics-based models because these two approaches can work together in a complementary manner
Sampling design and required sample size for evaluating contamination levels of 137Cs in Japanese fir needles in a mixed deciduous forest stand in Fukushima, Japan
No full textDifference in <sup>137</sup>Cs in needles between main and lateral shoots of Japanese fir growing in natural forests 5 years after the Fukushima accident
No full textVARENN: graphical representation of periodic data and application to climate studies
No full text機械学習による世界の気候パターンの分類に成功 --30年間の気候データを画像化して深層学習で識別--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-07-28.Analyzing and utilizing spatiotemporal big data are essential for studies concerning climate change. However, such data are not fully integrated into climate models owing to limitations in statistical frameworks. Herein, we employ VARENN (visually augmented representation of environment for neural networks) to efficiently summarize monthly observations of climate data for 1901–2016 into two-dimensional graphical images. Using red, green, and blue channels of color images, three different variables are simultaneously represented in a single image. For global datasets, models were trained via convolutional neural networks. These models successfully classified the rises and falls in temperature and precipitation. Moreover, similarities between the input and target variables were observed to have a significant effect on model accuracy. The input variables had both seasonal and interannual variations, whose importance was quantified for model efficacy. We successfully illustrated the importance of short-term (monthly) fluctuations in the model accuracy, suggesting that our AI-based approach grasped some previously unknown patterns that are indicators of succeeding climate trends. VARENN is thus an effective method to summarize spatiotemporal data objectively and accurately
Low-Background Shielding Box for Autoradiography of Environmental Samples and the α-, β-, and γ-ray Sensitivities of the Imaging Plates
No full textAutoradiography using imaging plates is a conventional method for the visualization of the distribution of radionuclides. Imaging plates have high sensitivity to the charged particles of α- and β-rays but are also sensitive to γ-rays. When the radioactivity level in the sample is low, a longer exposure time is needed, and shielding of the natural background radiation is necessary. Large imaging plates (e.g., 35 × 40 cm), which can obtain the radioactivity distribution over a wider area, were developed. In this work, a low-background shielding box is developed for large imaging plates, and the shielding characteristics of the box and sensitivities of the imaging plate to α-, β-, and γ-rays are quantitatively investigated. It is shown, by considering the sensitivity of imaging plates to α-, β-, and γ-rays, that most images of environmental samples are the result of α- or β-rays emitted from radionuclides at the sample surface, but not from the whole sample. To exemplify autoradiography using the presented shielding box, some environmental samples contaminated with radioactive fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident are measured. The distribution of radionuclides is clearly visualized and, furthermore, information of the migration of radiocesium in the sample is obtained
Role of chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer: an individual-patient-data meta-analysis
No full textRole of chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer: an individual-patient-data meta-analysis.
GASTRIC (Global Advanced/Adjuvant Stomach Tumor Research International Collaboration) Group1, Oba K, Paoletti X, Bang YJ, Bleiberg H, Burzykowski T, Fuse N, Michiels S, Morita S, Ohashi Y, Pignon JP, Rougier P, Sakamoto J, Sargent D, Sasako M, Shitara K, Tsuburaya A, Van Cutsem E, Buyse M.
Collaborators (54)
Buyse M, Michiels S, Oba K, Paoletti X, Rougier P, Yamamoto S, Nakamura K, Bang YJ, Bleiberg H, Burzykowski T, Buyse M, Delbaldo C, Michiels S, Morita S, Oba K, Ohashi Y, Paoletti X, Pignon JP, Rougier P, Sakamoto J, Sargent D, Sasako M, Van Cutsem E, Ajani J, Boku N, Barone C, Borner M, Bouche O, Bugat R, Coombes C, Cullinan S, Dank M, Douglass H, Fuse N, Glimelius B, Hawkins R, Kanzler S, Koizumi W, Kim TW, Lordick F, Moehler M, Nio Y, Ohtsu A, Pozzo C, Reichardt P, Roth A, Schumacher C, Shitara K, Thuss-Patience P, Tsuburaya A, Van Cutsem E, Vanhoefer U, Wils J, Yamamura Y.
Author information
Abstract
We conducted an individual-patient-data meta-analysis of the efficacy of chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced/recurrent gastric cancer (AGC). Our primary research question was whether the experimental arms of the trials included in the meta-analysis showed a benefit as compared with their corresponding control arms. MEDLINE (up to 2010), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, National Institutes of Health (NIH) trial registry and proceedings of major oncologic and gastrointestinal cancer meetings were searched. Randomised controlled trials for AGC closed to patient accrual before the end of 2006 were eligible. As of December 2010, individual patient data were available from 22 trials (4245 patients, representing 47% of the targeted data) of 55 eligible trials. The overall comparison of experimental arms with the corresponding control arms showed statistically significant differences in terms of both OS and PFS. Hazard ratio was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.82-0.94, P<0.0001) for OS and 0.81 (0.76-0.88, P<0.0001) for PFS. The results of the sub-analysis of adding a given chemotherapeutic agent to any chemotherapy confirm the results of the overall analysis, with a hazard reduction of 11% for OS (P<0.01) and 26% for PFS (P<0.0001). This meta-analysis of individual patient data shows that the additions of experimental chemotherapeutic agents to pre-existing control or standard regimens have produced a modest improvement in OS and PFS. Median survival remained below 1 year for all investigated chemotherapy regimens and none emerged as a clear standard
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