1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mental health risk factors for criminal recidivism and mortality in individuals given community sentences
Get PDFIndividuals with psychiatric disorders are overrepresented in correctional populations. Given their high prevalence, understanding the role that psychiatric disorders play in criminal behaviour is essential for achieving the primary goal of correctional systems - preventing future crime. Understanding psychiatric disorders is also relevant for mitigating potential health risks, mortality being the most serious, associated with criminal behaviour and sentencing. Despite the apparent need, very few studies have examined the association of psychiatric disorders with criminal recidivism and mortality in non-custodial populations, i.e., individuals given community sentences. The present thesis addresses this research gap and provides recommendations for evidence-based risk management of individuals with psychiatric disorders undergoing community supervision.
The thesis aimed to examine the role of psychiatric disorders as factors for criminal recidivism and mortality in individuals given community sentences and to create a simple, scalable tool for criminal recidivism risk monitoring in this population. To achieve these aims, I conducted five separate studies.
The first study was a systematic review of the recidivism rates in individuals given community sentences internationally. The review covers 28 studies with data from 19 countries. Based on this systematic review, the two-year reconviction was selected as the primary criminal recidivism outcome in the present thesis. The second study reports the meta-analysis of existing research on risk factors for criminal recidivism in individuals given community sentences. The meta-analysis results further highlighted the lack of published research into psychiatric disorders and criminal recidivism in community sentenced populations. The strength of reported associations between mental health risk factors and criminal recidivism was comparable to that of non-modifiable risk factors, such as age, gender, and criminal history. However, the studies reporting these associations had major limitations, which I addressed in the third study.
The third study examined the association between psychiatric disorders and criminal recidivism in a Swedish population cohort of adult individuals given community sentences (N = 82,415) using register data. Psychiatric disorders were associated with an increased risk of both general and violent reoffending. This association persisted in individuals matched with their sentenced siblings without a known psychiatric diagnosis. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders, personality disorders and substance use disorders had stronger effects on violent reoffending than other psychiatric disorders. Comorbid substance use fully mediated the association between psychiatric disorders and general reoffending. However, comorbid substance use only partially mediated the association between psychiatric disorders and violent reoffending. In addition, first-time psychiatric diagnosis during the follow-up period was associated with a higher risk of general and violent reoffending.
The fourth study additionally examined the association between psychiatric disorders and mortality in a Swedish total population cohort of adult individuals given community sentences (N = 109,751) using register data. The leading cause of death in the cohort was suicide. Having substance use or any other psychiatric disorder at the time of a sentence or receiving a new diagnosis during the follow-up was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and external-cause mortality in the study cohort. Comorbid substance use partially mediated the association of psychiatric disorders with mortality.
The fifth study used pre-specified criminal, sociodemographic, and clinical risk factors to develop a dynamic prediction model for criminal recidivism in individuals under community supervision. The model was deployed as an online dynamic risk assessment tool OxMore with good calibration and discrimination performance (c-index = 0.74 for violent reoffending, c-index = 0.69 for general reoffending). As an important secondary outcome, the study demonstrated that actuarial recidivism risk assessment tools, which have not been developed as risk monitoring instruments but are used as such, will systematically overestimate the risk of recidivism over time.
The thesis emphasises the role of substance use and other psychiatric disorders as important targets for intervention in individuals given community sentences. Addressing psychiatric disorders in this population could potentially prevent many cases of reoffending and improve the long-term health outcomes decreasing the burden on correctional and healthcare systems. The period of community supervision should be viewed as a major opportunity window for rehabilitation and reintegration of sentenced individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Other recommendations include an increase in integrative mental health research in community sentenced populations and a more extensive application of dynamic prediction modelling for actuarial recidivism prediction.
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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