1,721,029 research outputs found
The Dynamics of Orographic Precipitation: A Mesoscale Modeling Perspective
No full textThis research investigates the local circulation associated with a heavy orographic rainfall event occurred during 19-21 September 1999 (MAP IOP-2B). The near-surface flow was dominated by a barrier jet originally from the Adriatic Sea and a southerly jet from the Gulf of Genoa. A significant westward turning occurred when the southeasterly and southerly flow approached the south side of the Alps. Precipitation was mainly concentrated on the windward slopes, especially near the Lago Maggiore area. This event was simulated with a 5-km horizontal grid spacing using the Penn State/NCAR MM5 model. The MM5 simulation reproduced the basic features such as the timing and location of the deep trough and the associated precipitation evolution, though the total amount of precipitation is slightly higher than that measured by rain gauges.
Sensitivity experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of upstream orography, western flank of the Alps, earth's rotation, boundary layer friction, and model horizontal resolution. The results demonstrate that the juxtaposed low-level convergence and the orographic uplifting of a potentially unstable impinging flow were the major causes of the heavy rainfall. The westward turning of the southeasterly and southerly flow was caused by boundary friction, rotational as well as orographic blocking. The boundary layer friction reduced the total amount of the rainfall and altered its distribution by weakening the wind near the surface. The precipitation distribution and amount over the southern upslopes of the Alps were not directly related to either coastal Apennines Mountains or the west flank of the Alps. The 1.67 km horizontal grid spacing simulation indicates that heavy rainfall tended to concentrate in the vicinity of individual mountain peaks. The total amount of rainfall was over-predicted along the windward slopes due to the strong upward motion that occurred on the upslopes. The results imply that the dynamical forcing manifested as vertical motion increases rapidly as resolution increases. It is speculated that the rainfall over-prediction problem might be caused by the inaccurate or unrealistic microphysical processes over complex topography
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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