1,720,977 research outputs found
Patterns of alcohol use in adolescents: early predictors and adulthood outcomes.
No full textAlcohol is one of the leading risk factors for death and disability in young people . Although people usually first start drinking alcohol at around 15-16 years of age, this can vary, and adolescents often follow different patterns or “trajectories” of drinking. The age at which an adolescent first consumes alcohol and how quickly they escalate their alcohol use may be important predictors of alcohol-related problems in early adulthood....
NDARC webinar series presentation: Gen Z: drinking less, but what about alcohol-related harm?
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Trajectories of alcohol-related harm among young people
Full text linkIn many high-income countries such as Australia, alcohol use has declined in young people since the early 2000s but there is conflicting evidence around reductions in alcohol-related harm. A key issue around quantifying alcohol-related harm is that different data sources can show vastly different patterns due to varying sample characteristics or methods of measurement. The studies comprising this thesis aimed to address these gaps by using a variety of data sources to examine: 1) trends in self-reported harms across age, period, and birth cohort using national surveys (n=121,281); 2) developmental patterns of blackouts, a very common harm, and predictors of high-risk patterns in a recent birth cohort (n=1,821); 3) developmental transitions between different types of alcohol-related harm and predictor of high-risk patterns in a recent birth cohort (n=1,828); and 4) risk factors for experiencing clinical alcohol-related harm for the first time at a younger age and compare rates of subsequent harm by age at first experience of clinical harm in a linked cohort (n=10,300).
Several notable findings were identified. National data indicate that alcohol-related risky behaviours are much less common in recent birth cohorts, though they continue to be most prevalent in young people. Males generally had twice the prevalence of risky behaviours compared to females, but with reduced effect among more recent birth cohorts. Longitudinal cohort data indicated that escalating experience of harms, particularly blackouts and psychosocial harms (e.g., getting into fights) increased risk of early adulthood alcohol use disorder symptoms. Females were at higher risk of experiencing physiological harms such as blackouts earlier in life compared to males. Finally, analyses of linked hospital service data indicated that females were at higher risk of accessing hospital services for an alcohol-related problem for the first time at a younger age. Younger people were more likely to have subsequent injury-related ED presentations but less likely to be hospitalised. Past year hospital service access rates in this cohort were much higher than the same-aged general population.
This thesis highlights important developments in young peoples’ experience of alcohol-related harm. The identification of a closing male-female gap in harms and of female status as a risk factor for early harm warrants future research and shifts to the approach of harm reduction and prevention among young people
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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