102,973 research outputs found
Neg/pos-Normalized Accuracy Measures for Software Defect Prediction
No full textIn evaluating the performance of software defect prediction models, accuracy measures such as precision and recall are commonly used. However, most of these measures are affected by neg/pos ratio of the data set being predicted, where neg is the number of negative cases (defect-free modules) and pos is the number of positive cases (defective modules). Thus, it is not fair to compare such values across different data sets with different neg/pos ratios and it may even lead to misleading or contradicting conclusions. The objective of this study is to address the class imbalance issue in assessing performance of defect prediction models. The proposed method relies on computation of expected values of accuracy measures based solely on the value of the neg and pos values of the data set. Based on the expected values, we derive the neg/pos-normalized accuracy measures, which are defined as their divergence from the expected value divided by the standard deviation of all possible prediction outcomes. The proposed measures enable us to provide a ranking of predictions across different data sets, which can distinguish between successful predictions and unsuccessful predictions. Our results derived from a case study of defect prediction based on 19 defect data sets indicate that ranking of predictions is significantly different than the ranking of conventional accuracy measures such as precision and recall as well as composite measures F1-value, AUC of ROC, MCC, G-mean and Balance. In addition, we conclude that MCC attains a better defect prediction accuracy than F1-value, AUC of ROC, G-mean and Balance
Speech sounds perception in children who use cochlear implants and contralateral hearing aids
No full textBibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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3346: Samuel G. Freedman, author, 2013
No full textPhotograph of author Samuel G. Freedman, at NT Daily Slash meeting in the Mayborn School of Journalism at UNT
Cyclopropyl Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. Part 143. A Two‐Step, Three‐Component Queuing Cascade Leading to Dihydrobenzoxepine and Dihydrobenzazepine Derivatives.
No full textA palladium-catalyzed reaction of methylenespiropentane (11) with iodobenzene (12) under typical Heck conditions [Pd(OAC)(2), PPh3, Et3N, DMF] produced a mixture of the unstable [3]dendralene 13 and allylidenecyclopropane 14 in 38 % yield. When an analogous reaction with iodobenzene was carried out in the presence of morpholine (25) and of tris(2-furyl)phosphane (TFP) instead of triphenylphosphane, the dienes 26, 28 and 31 were generated by nucleophilic trapping of pi-allylpalladium intermediates 30 and 32. The cross coupling of methylenespiropentane (11) with the functionalized aryl iodides 33a-g in the presence of a palladium precatalyst [Pd(OAc)2, TFP, Et3N, DMF] at 80 degrees C, 3 h, provided the seven-membered 3,4-dimethylene-substituted heterocycles 34a-g and 35b which, upon addition of dimethyl fumarate (19), underwent Diels-Alder reactions to furnish bicyclic and higher oligocyclic dihydrobenzoxepine and -benzazepine derivatives 36a-g and 37b, yet in rather moderate yields of 18-29 % only. The overall process constitutes a one-pot, two-step, three-component queuing cascade.
Rational inflation and real internal debt bubbles in Argentina and Brazil?
No full textInflation (Finance) ; Debt ; Brazil ; Argentina
The Right to Strike under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada
No full textAnswering critics of the Canadian Supreme Court's judgment in B.C. Health, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter — the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health to the recognition of Charter protec- tion for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to col- lective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capac- ity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.Peer reviewe
In-situ formation of ZnO nanorods on bacterial cellulose nanofibers for antibacterial efficacy
No full textIn this work, affordable and biopolymer-based antibacterial material was fabricated through in-situ formation of ZnO nanorods. For that purpose, bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) were obtained with the cultivation of Acetobacter xylinum, following that ZnO nanorods were in-situ formed in a single dimension on BCNFs using hexamethylenetetramine, a chelating agent. Before the antibacterial efficacy of antibacterial material toward gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were applied and swelling studies, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) measurements were done for characterization studies. As demonstrated in SEM images and XRD analysis, ZnO nanorods with hexagonal wurtzite structures were successfully in-situ formed on BC surface. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Zn and O, showing 54.1% and O 20.8% by weight on BC, respectively, and 32.24% of Zn was determined on BC surface using AAS measurements. The MIC values of antibacterial material were calculated 12.28 mu g ZnO/mL for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 6.28 mu g ZnO/mL for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) species
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