1,858 research outputs found
Author Correction: Casimir forces exerted by epsilon-near-zero hyperbolic materials (Scientific Reports, (2020), 10, 1, (16831), 10.1038/s41598-020-73995-0)
No full textIn the original version of this Article, Igor S. Nefedov was incorrectly affiliated with “Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012”. The correct affiliation is listed below: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia. This error has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the Article. © 2020, The Author(s)
Поэтика народнического травелога конца XIX века (путевые очерки Ф. Д. Нефедова)
No full text462The article deals with the late stage of the Narodnik?s (populist) fiction of early 1890-s in the aspect of deep cognition of Russia, which was important on the turn of the century. The subject matter is the travel essays of the writer-ethnographer F.D. Nefedov, who is forgotten nowadays. The article describes some features of the poetics of the Narodnik?s travelogue (the narrator, the compositional principle of contrast a conflict within a single scene, etc.), the originality of the demonstration of the author?s position and synthetical genre structure. According to the type of the plot construction Nefedov?s travelogue is close to a story. His plot is not only localy attached to a certain scene or a situation, but also contains the idea which is expressed in the attempts of the privileged class characters to get closer to the ordinary people, but their realization remains outside the plot. The poetics of Nefedov?s travel essays reflects both the ideological position of the author an
Поэтика народнического травелога конца XIX века (путевые очерки Ф. Д. Нефедова)
No full textThe article deals with the late stage of the Narodnik?s (populist) fiction of early 1890-s in the aspect of deep cognition of Russia, which was important on the turn of the century. The subject matter is the travel essays of the writer-ethnographer F.D. Nefedov, who is forgotten nowadays. The article describes some features of the poetics of the Narodnik?s travelogue (the narrator, the compositional principle of contrast a conflict within a single scene, etc.), the originality of the demonstration of the author?s position and synthetical genre structure. According to the type of the plot construction Nefedov?s travelogue is close to a story. His plot is not only localy attached to a certain scene or a situation, but also contains the idea which is expressed in the attempts of the privileged class characters to get closer to the ordinary people, but their realization remains outside the plot. The poetics of Nefedov?s travel essays reflects both the ideological position of the author and46
Waves in hyperbolic and double negative metamaterials including rogues and solitons
No full textThe topics here deal with some current progress in electromagnetic wave propagation in a family of substances known as metamaterials. To begin with, it is discussed how a pulse can develop a leading edge that steepens and it is emphasised that such self-steepening is an important inclusion within a metamaterial environment together with Raman scattering and third-order dispersion whenever very short pulses are being investigated. It is emphasised that the self-steepening parameter is highly metamaterial-driven compared to Raman scattering, which is associated with a coefficient of the same form whether a normal positive phase, or a metamaterial waveguide is the vehicle for any soliton propagation. It is also shown that the influence of magnetooptics provides a beautiful and important control mechanism for metamaterial devices and that, in the future, this feature will have a significant impact upon the design of data control systems for optical computing. A major objective is fulfiled by the investigations of the fascinating properties of hyperbolic media that exhibit asymmetry of supported modes due to the tilt of optical axes. This is a topic that really merits elaboration because structural and optical asymmetry in optical components that end up manipulating electromagnetic waves is now the foundation of how to operate some of the most successful devices in photonics and electronics. It is pointed out, in this context, that graphene is one of the most famous plasmonic media with very low losses. It is a two-dimensional material that makes the implementation of an effective-medium approximation more feasible. Nonlinear non-stationary diffraction in active planar anisotropic hyperbolic metamaterials is discussed in detail and two approaches are compared. One of them is based on the averaging over a unit cell, while the other one does not include sort of averaging. The formation and propagation of optical spatial solitons in hyperbolic metamaterials is also considered with a model of the response of hyperbolic metamaterials in terms of the homogenisation ('effective medium') approach. The model has a macroscopic dielectric tensor encompassing at least one negative eigenvalue. It is shown that light propagating in the presence of hyperbolic dispersion undergoes negative (anomalous) diffraction. The theory is ten broadened out to include the influence of the orientation of the optical axis with respect to the propagation wave vector. Optical rogue waves are discussed in terms of how they are influenced, but not suppressed, by a metamaterial background. It is strongly discussed that metamaterials and optical rogue waves have both been making headlines in recent years and that they are, separately, large areas of research to study. A brief background of the inevitable linkage of them is considered and important new possibilities are discussed. After this background is revealed some new rogue wave configurations combining the two areas are presented alongside a discussion of the way forward for the future
Russia’s Modern Banking Law
No full textIn this study, the author offers a very general review of banking legislation in Russia. The author discusses the main statutory acts which regulate banking activity and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia). The author describes the Bank of Russia’s functions. He concludes that, in modern market conditions, it is extremely important to develop civil regulation and reduce administrative regulation; however, he finds that, unfortunately, the Bank of Russia is still subject to administrative management. Considering the nature of the relationships between the Bank of Russia and private credit organizations, the author insists on the need for a partnership, forged on principles of dispositive regulation, between them. More generally, this work considers the problems of domestic financial regulation through the theoretical prism of free banking. Current Russian banking legislation only focuses on the creation of the best mechanism for the organization of credit and financial relationships. The author considers not only the requirements for state financial policy, but also the interests of private credit organizations, which serve as the engine of the financial market and strengthen the banking system as a whole. Until recently, many aspects of the Russian banking system have been a compromise between the old and new conceptions of the economy. For this reason, the upholding of free market ideas is essential in order to develop banking legal theory. The author criticizes the emerging tendency to reduce the role of liberal financial institutions, such as the increasing role of the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator. Considering this, the author recommends the application of immediate counteractions against the above-described tendency and supports the strengthening of the independence of credit organizations. He emphasizes that this is the only approach to fully develop the existing banking system.In this study, the author offers a very general review of banking legislation in Russia. The author discusses the main statutory acts which regulate banking activity and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia). The author describes the Bank of Russia’s functions. He concludes that, in modern market conditions, it is extremely important to develop civil regulation and reduce administrative regulation; however, he finds that, unfortunately, the Bank of Russia is still subject to administrative management. Considering the nature of the relationships between the Bank of Russia and private credit organizations, the author insists on the need for a partnership, forged on principles of dispositive regulation, between them. More generally, this work considers the problems of domestic financial regulation through the theoretical prism of free banking. Current Russian banking legislation only focuses on the creation of the best mechanism for the organization of credit and financial relationships. The author considers not only the requirements for state financial policy, but also the interests of private credit organizations, which serve as the engine of the financial market and strengthen the banking system as a whole. Until recently, many aspects of the Russian banking system have been a compromise between the old and new conceptions of the economy. For this reason, the upholding of free market ideas is essential in order to develop banking legal theory. The author criticizes the emerging tendency to reduce the role of liberal financial institutions, such as the increasing role of the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator. Considering this, the author recommends the application of immediate counteractions against the above-described tendency and supports the strengthening of the independence of credit organizations. He emphasizes that this is the only approach to fully develop the existing banking system
Surface Faceting and Reconstruction of Ceria Nanoparticles
No full textThe surface atomic arrangement of metal oxides determines their physical and chemical properties, and the ability to control and optimize structural parameters is of crucial importance for many applications, in particular in heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis. Whereas the structures of macroscopic single crystals can be determined with established methods, for nanoparticles (NPs), this is a challenging task. Herein, we describe the use of CO as a probe molecule to determine the structure of the surfaces exposed by rod-shaped ceria NPs. After calibrating the CO stretching frequencies using results obtained for different ceria single-crystal surfaces, we found that the rod-shaped NPs actually restructure and expose {111} nanofacets. This finding has important consequences for understanding the controversial surface chemistry of these catalytically highly active ceria NPs and paves the way for the predictive, rational design of catalytic materials at the nanoscale. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
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A Theory of Demographic Cycles and the Social Evolution of Ancient and Medieval Oriental Societies (translation)
No full textA theory of demographic cycles is developed by the author out of the contributions of many sciences. F. Braudel named these cycles as "secular trends," and R. Cameron used the concept of "logistics cycles." The author constructs a mathematical model of a demographic cycle. With the help of this model the cycle is divided into phases for which the author is able to determine about 40 qualitative attributes of the cycle. These attributes allow a demographic cycle to be identified in the real course of a history even in the absence of quantitative data about a population. With the help of this method 57 demographic cycles are identified in the history of the various countries of the East. In particular, it is shown that the increase of demographic pressure at the end of a cycle results in establishment of étatist monarchy
TUI tipų lyginamasis vertinimas ES-14 ir Vidurio bei Rytų Europos šalyse.
No full textThe main purpose of this master thesis is to determine types of foreign direct investments (FDI) in two distinct parts of the European Union (the EU): in 14 countries that were part of the union in 1995 (EU-14) and 8 new member states in Central and Eastern European (CEE) region that joined in 2004. Master thesis consists of three parts: the analysis of the literature, research and its results, a conclusion and recommendations. Literature analysis focused on review of the theories that led to the development of the FDI, application of them in this work, as well as overview of previous research on the FDI determinants in the CEE region. The author defined proxy variables such as GDP, inflation, wage rate, education and resource rents that acted as representatives of certain types of FDI. Following literature analysis, the author applied defined panel data model to carry out the research into FDI determinants in two regions. After calculations were done, the author found out that FDI in EU-14 countries is mainly positively influenced by GDP per capita, while for CEE region rising wages is negative factor and inflation rate has positive influence. Conclusions were made that the EU, although acting like joint economic union, is not homogenous in attracting FDI. The countries of EU-14 region have shown specialization in market-seeking FDI and CEE region in efficiency-seeking type. The natural resource seeking FDI does not have standing in either of regions and asset-seeking FDI requires further research. Author believes that results of the study can be useful for more precise definition of governmental investment-seeking policies. During this work several research gaps were found, mainly in relationship of education and FDI, which author recommends to explore further
Complex-plasma boundaries
No full textThis study deals with the boundary between a normal plasma of ions and electrons, and an adjacent complex plasma of ions, electrons, and microparticles, as found in innumerable examples in nature. Here we show that the matching between the two plasmas involve electrostatic double layers. These double layers explain the sharp boundaries observed in the laboratory and in astrophysics. A modified theory is derived for the double layers that form at the discontinuity between two different complex plasmas and at the point of contact of three complex plasmas. The theory is applied to the first measurements from the Plasma Kristall Experiment (PKE) Nefedov Laboratory in the International Space Station
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