1,721,363 research outputs found
Supplemental Material, SLGR_17-0063R4,_Tables - What Factors Drive Municipal Fiscal Policy Adoption?: An Empirical Investigation of Major Cities in the United States
No full textSupplemental Material, SLGR_17-0063R4,_Tables for What Factors Drive Municipal Fiscal Policy Adoption?: An Empirical Investigation of Major Cities in the United States by Yu Shi, Nisa Yazici Aydemir, and Yonghong Wu in State and Local Government Review</p
sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380231205828 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Suicide Attempts Among Children and Adolescents Under 18 years of Age in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380231205828 for Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Suicide Attempts Among Children and Adolescents Under 18 years of Age in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Qingsong Chang, Yu Shi, Shunyu Yao, Xingling Ban and Ziyi Cai in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
Supplementary_Table2 - Clinical Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Stroke
No full textSupplementary_Table2 for Clinical Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Stroke by Yi Wang, Yu Shi, Yi Dong, Qiang Dong, Ting Ye and Kun Fang in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis</p
sj-tif-1-cll-10.1177_09636897221081479 – Supplemental material for Evaluating the Effect of Circ-Sirt1 on the Expression of SIRT1 and Its Role in Pathology of Pulmonary Hypertension
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tif-1-cll-10.1177_09636897221081479 for Evaluating the Effect of Circ-Sirt1 on the Expression of SIRT1 and Its Role in Pathology of Pulmonary Hypertension by Wenjie Diao, Ge Liu, Chao Shi, Yiyao Jiang, Haihui Li, Jinjin Meng, Yu Shi, Mingming Chang and Xuegang Liu in Cell Transplantation</p
sj-docx-2-cll-10.1177_09636897221081479 – Supplemental material for Evaluating the Effect of Circ-Sirt1 on the Expression of SIRT1 and Its Role in Pathology of Pulmonary Hypertension
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-cll-10.1177_09636897221081479 for Evaluating the Effect of Circ-Sirt1 on the Expression of SIRT1 and Its Role in Pathology of Pulmonary Hypertension by Wenjie Diao, Ge Liu, Chao Shi, Yiyao Jiang, Haihui Li, Jinjin Meng, Yu Shi, Mingming Chang and Xuegang Liu in Cell Transplantation</p
Supplementary_Table_1 - Clinical Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Stroke
No full textSupplementary_Table_1 for Clinical Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Stroke by Yi Wang, Yu Shi, Yi Dong, Qiang Dong, Ting Ye and Kun Fang in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis</p
Coreceptor usage and sensitivity to neutralization of HIV-1 and HIV-2
No full textThe aim of this project was to study neutralization and coreceptor use in HIV-1 and HIV-2. The first step was to develop a simple and standardized assay for detection and quantification of HIV- 1 neutralizing activity in human sera. The assay is based on plaque formation in the U87 glioma cell line, which is engineered to express CD4 and coreceptors such as CCR5 and CXCR4. Our new assay presents an attractive alternative to PBMC-based assays.In the second paper we developed an additional neutralization assay that uses expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the GHOST(3) cell line as a marker of infection. This assay is a further advance because it is adapted to 96-well microtiter plates and FACS readout. The two assays were equally sensitive and highly reproducible. The assays have comparably high throughput and can therefore be used in HIV vaccine trials and for other large-scale testing.In the third study we used the U87.CD4 and GHOST(3) cell lines to test the evolution of coreceptor usage of 278 sequential HIV-1 isolates from 23 individuals with long and thorough clinical follow-up. Three different patterns of coreceptor usage were identified: i) No evolution of CCR5/CXCR4 use, which was linked to slow disease progression over 8 - 10 years. ii) A change from CCR5 to CXCR4 use, which primarily was observed in patients with progressive disease. iii) Fluctuation between CCR5 and CXCR4 use, which was linked to changes in antiretroviral therapy. Coreceptor use was further dissected using U87.CD4 cell lines expressing chimeric coreceptors, which were constructed by exchanging parts of CCR5 with the corresponding CXCR4 regions. Our data suggest that evolution in coreceptor utilization is a continuous process in which the interaction between the virus envelope and the coreceptor gradually changes.In the forth study, which was carried out to better understand why HIV-2 is less pathogenic than HIV-1, we studied sequential HIV-2 isolates from four HIV-2 infected individuals who displayed different rates of disease progression. Autologous neutralization was tested in a checkerboard fashion using the U87.CD4 neutralization assay. We found that neutralization escape was rare in HIV-2 infection. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that HIV-2 can evolve from CCR5-usage to CXCR4-usage in vivo. Furthermore, the acquisition of CXCR4-usage was closely linked to severe im munodeficiency. Investigation of evolution of the HIV-2 env gene revealed an elongation of the V 1 /V2 domain and changes in glycosylation pattern in patients with slowly progressive disease, which were suggestive of immunological selection according to the "evolving glycan shield" mechanism that recently was proposed for HIV-1. We propose that the V3 domain of HIV-2 has a more open and accessible configuration than that of HIV-1 and that this explains the higher sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies and the broader coreceptor use.In conclusion, we have developed two new cell-line based neutralization assays which may facilitate studies on HIV- 1, HIV-2 and SIV neutralization. We have provided new data on the evolution of coreceptor use in HIV-1 and HIV-2 and a new model of the HIV-2 envelope.List of scientific papersI. Shi Y, Albert J, Francis G, Holmes H, Fenyo EM (2002). A new cell line-based neutralization assay for primary HIV type 1 isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 18(13): 957-67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12230938II. Nordqvist A, Shi Y, Oberg M, de Milito A, Jansson M, Albert J, Fenyo EM (2004). Plaque reduction assay on GHOST(3) cells for neutralization of primary HIV and SIV isolates. [Manuscript]III. Karlsson I, Antonsson L, Shi Y, Karlsson A, Albert J, Leitner T, Olde B, Owman C, Fenyo EM (2003). HIV biological variability unveiled: frequent isolations and chimeric receptors reveal unprecedented variation of coreceptor use. AIDS. 17(18): 2561-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14685050IV. Shi Y, Brandin E, Vincic E, Jansson M, Blaxhult A, Gyllensten K, Moberg L, Brostrom C, Fenyo EM, Albert J (2004). Open HIV-2 envelope configuration suggested by analysis of evolution of HIV-2 coreceptor usage, autologous neutralization, envelope sequence, and glycosylation. [Submitted] </p
Using Mixed Methods to Explore the Impact of Macro Level Governing Structure on Public Sector Employment
No full textUtilizing Oates’ fiscal federalism theorem, the Tiebout model and Berry’s common pool model, this dissertation develops an integrated theoretical framework of state and local government structure. Based on the framework, the author examines the effect of a macro level governing structure on public sector employment using two different methods. An econometric model is used to examine the individual effect of four characteristics of a macro level governing structure on local public employment levels by combining other socioeconomic data of 3,031 counties from 1992 to 2012. These four characteristics are spatial fragmentation, interjurisdictional completion, jurisdictional overlap and fiscal decentralization. The second method was a qualitative comparative analysis which compares different combinations of the four characteristics of a macro level governing structure in relation to public employment at the state level, then utilizes Boolean algebra to investigate the causal conditions using a bottom-up data reduction approach.
The regression analysis finds that an increased level of fiscal decentralization is significantly associated with larger labor input in the production of public services. Additionally, spatial fragmentation reduces the levels of public sector employment, whereas interjurisdictional competition and jurisdictional overlap lead to the growth of local public sector employment levels. The qualitative comparative analysis presents different types of interactions of macro level governing structure characteristics in relation to high and low levels of state government employment.
Several conclusions can be drawn from the results of this dissertation, which have challenged conventional theories. First, local public sector employment may grow faster in a decentralized state than in a centralized one. Second, interjurisdictional competition, in particular, the competition between general-purpose governments is unable to constrain the growth of local public sector employment. In contrast, more labor inputs are required to produce public goods and provide public services provision to satisfy the needs of local community residents. The results of the qualitative comparative analysis reveal causality asymmetry and highlight how different interactions of characteristics of a macro-level governing structure affect different levels of state government employment
Using Mixed Methods to Explore the Impact of Macro Level Governing Structure on Public Sector Employment
No full textUtilizing Oates’ fiscal federalism theorem, the Tiebout model and Berry’s common pool model, this dissertation develops an integrated theoretical framework of state and local government structure. Based on the framework, the author examines the effect of a macro level governing structure on public sector employment using two different methods. An econometric model is used to examine the individual effect of four characteristics of a macro level governing structure on local public employment levels by combining other socioeconomic data of 3,031 counties from 1992 to 2012. These four characteristics are spatial fragmentation, interjurisdictional completion, jurisdictional overlap and fiscal decentralization. The second method was a qualitative comparative analysis which compares different combinations of the four characteristics of a macro level governing structure in relation to public employment at the state level, then utilizes Boolean algebra to investigate the causal conditions using a bottom-up data reduction approach.
The regression analysis finds that an increased level of fiscal decentralization is significantly associated with larger labor input in the production of public services. Additionally, spatial fragmentation reduces the levels of public sector employment, whereas interjurisdictional competition and jurisdictional overlap lead to the growth of local public sector employment levels. The qualitative comparative analysis presents different types of interactions of macro level governing structure characteristics in relation to high and low levels of state government employment.
Several conclusions can be drawn from the results of this dissertation, which have challenged conventional theories. First, local public sector employment may grow faster in a decentralized state than in a centralized one. Second, interjurisdictional competition, in particular, the competition between general-purpose governments is unable to constrain the growth of local public sector employment. In contrast, more labor inputs are required to produce public goods and provide public services provision to satisfy the needs of local community residents. The results of the qualitative comparative analysis reveal causality asymmetry and highlight how different interactions of characteristics of a macro-level governing structure affect different levels of state government employment
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