1,721,381 research outputs found
Government Debt and the Long-Term Interest Rate: Application of an Extended Open-Economy Loanable Funds Model to Poland
Full text linkThis paper examines the behavior of the long-term interest rate in Poland based on a sample during 2001.Q1–2009.Q1. Both the demand for and supply of loanable funds are considered. Extending the openeconomy loanable funds model, this paper finds thatmore government debt as a percent of gdp leads to a higher long-term interest rate in Poland and that a higher real Treasury bill rate, more percent change in real GDP, a higher expected inflation rate, a higher world long-term interest rate, and depreciation of the zloty would increase the long-term interest rate in Poland. In the standard open-economy loanable funds model including the net capital inflow, the coefficient of the net capital inflow is positive and insignificant at the 10% level. Hence, the incorporation of the world interest rate and the nominal effective exchange rate in the model may better capture the behavior of the long-term interest rate in Poland.loanable funds model, government debt, long-term interest rates, expected inflation rates, nominal effective exchange rates
The dollar/euro exchange rate and a comparison of major models
Full text linkThis article analyzes the behaviour of the USD/EUR exchange rate based on four major models. Using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) as a criterion, the extended Mundell‐Fleming model performs best, followed by the PPP model using the relative PPI, the monetary model, the PPP model using the relative CPI, and the UIP model. The widely used log‐log form in the PPP model based on the relative PPI or CPI can be rejected at the 5% level. The insignificant coefficients or unexpected signs of some variables in the monetary and other models may pose some challenges in applications.
First Publish Online: 09 Jun 201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Family study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan:cumulative incidence and risk factors
No full text華人是鼻咽癌的好發族群，在過去鼻咽癌流行病學研究中，認為鼻咽癌是由遺傳因素和共同環境暴露所致。本研究計劃以民國83年至88年台灣地區之六家醫院，病理診斷確定為鼻咽癌病例，加上癌症登記檔病理診斷確定之鼻咽癌病例，以結構性問卷利用郵寄或電話訪問的方式獲得其家族資料，總共收集928筆鼻咽癌家族資料。本家族分析研究分為三個部分，第一部份為家族病例對照研究，1011名家族中有罹患鼻咽癌者為病例組，8434名未罹患任何癌症的親屬為對照組，探討環境危險因子與鼻咽癌的相關性研究；在調整年齡、性別後，非條件式或條件式對數複迴歸模式（unconditional or conditional logistic regression）分析，無論是在10歲以前或10-30歲攝食鹹魚及醃製食物、抽菸的相對危險性為1-2倍，幼時的環境暴露危險性更大。第二部分為計算其各級親屬的鼻咽癌累積發生率，並以Cox迴歸模式分析不同親屬的相對危險性，結果為指標個案的父親、母親、兄弟、姊妹、兒子、及女兒在65歲的累積發生危險性分別為每千人12.9、7.4、33.7、22.6、12.3、6.0，在Cox迴歸模式中其親屬為兄弟姊妹者的相對危險性比無血緣關係屬高。第三部分為利用多因子遺傳模式計算各級身屬的鼻咽癌遺傳率，若族群頻率為萬分之五，以親屬鼻咽癌罹病計算其各級親屬的遺傳率，則父親、母親、兄弟、姊妹、兒子、女兒所估計出來的遺傳率加權平均值為55%，若以親屬的65歲累積發生機率計算，加權平均值為73%。Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most populations of the world, but it occurs predominantly in the Chinese people of Southern China and South East Asia. The etiology of NPC appears to be multifactorial, and evidence suggests the genetic, viral, and other environmental factors are involved. We recruited NPC patients from six hospitals in Taiwan and Taiwan Cancer Registry between 1994 and 1999. The criteria for inclusion as a proband are pathological diagnosed NPC. The data was obtained from personal interview using structured questionnaire conducted by trained interviewers, a total of 928 NPC families were interviewed. In the family case- control study, 1101 NPC cases and 8834 health controls were recruited. Unconditional and conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the magnitude of the association between the environmental factors and NPC with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).After adjustment for age and sex, an odds ratio of two fold was observed for consuming salted fish and fermented foods, and cigarette smoking , the earlier the exposure, the higher the risk. Cumulative incidence of NPC was calculated for first-degree relatives, and hazard ratio of developing NPC was assessed by Cox regression models. The cumulative incidence of NPC was 12.9、7.4、33.7、22.6、12.3、6.0 per 1,000, respective, for fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, sons and daughters. The hazard ratio of sibling was higher then parents in the Cox regression models. The multifactoial inheritance model was used to calculate the heritability, the heritability index based on NPC prevalence was 0.55; the heritability index based on NPC cumulative incidence was 0.73.中文摘要 1
英文摘要 2
第一章 前言 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 鼻咽癌的病理組織型態 6
第二節 鼻咽癌的流行病學特徵 7
第三節 鼻咽癌的危險因子 10
第三章 研究個案與方法 22
第一節 研究個案 22
第二節 統計方法 24
第四章 結果 30
第一節 鼻咽癌指標病例及其親屬特性 30
第二節 鼻咽癌病例對照研究 37
第三節 鼻咽癌的發生危險性 41
第四節 Cox迴歸模式分析結果 43
第五節 鼻咽癌多因子遺傳率 45
第五章 討論 48
第一節 鼻咽癌病例對照研究 48
第二節 鼻咽癌家族聚集情況 49
第三節 研究限制 52
第四節 未來研究方向 53
參考文獻 54
附錄一 鼻咽癌家族遺傳問卷 60
附錄二 發生率（q)從0.01%至30.0%之x值與a值 7
Analysis of the expression of Oncidium tryptophan synthase alpha subunit（OTSA）in response to high temperature
No full text文心蘭在夏季高溫的環境下，可縮短花芽發育期，但花序之品質卻明顯降低，花軸分叉數和高度都顯著減少。迄今我們對於影響文心蘭花序分叉數和花軸高度發育的機制，以及參與調控之相關基因的種類及功能卻毫無所知。為期了解夏季高溫影響花序及花軸發育的情形，本論文選殖在高溫下影響文心蘭花軸發育之相關基因，做為日後研究之基礎。實驗採用文心蘭切花品種南西（Oncidium Gower Ramsey）三年株齡之植物個體為材，將帶有20~25公分花軸之植株，分別培養在適溫（25/20℃）及高溫（35/30℃）之下，取其尖端2 cm之組織利用DDRT-PCR（differential display reverse transcription PCR）方法，選殖出表現具有差異性之基因298個。經定序比對，選出一個可能對於花軸生長發育基因有影響的基因，發現此基因在適溫下發育的花軸其表現活性均明顯高於高溫處理的花軸，並將其命名為Oncidium tryptophan synthase alpha subunit (OTSA)。色氨酸(tryptophan)是重要的植物荷爾蒙Indole acetic acid (IAA)的前驅物。前人的研究也已發現，在豌豆中IAA能促進GA 3-oxidase及降低GA 2-oxidase的mRNA表現，進而促使植株莖幹的生長得以變長。設計引子利用RT-PCR及5'RACE的方式，構築其cDNA。以阿拉伯芥的Heat Shock Protein 101的啟動子與其構築在一起，觀察其在高溫影響下表現活性的變化模式。由於目前文心蘭轉殖的技術尚未成熟，故將此融合基因，利用農桿菌轉殖的方式轉入阿拉伯芥中，觀察其基因高溫下之表型的改變。本實驗也調查了不同溫度下阿拉伯芥內生性tryptophan synthase alpha subunit（AtTRP3）基因的表現，發現高溫下阿拉伯芥花軸中AtTRP3的表現量明顯減少。這與文心蘭的情形相似。除此之外，也將其轉殖進入阿拉伯芥的trp3-1突變株中，觀察其基因及表型在不同溫度下的改變。Development of the Inflorescence of Oncidium could be shortened under high temperature in summer, but the qualities in terms of the length and branch number, drop dramatically. We have no idea about the mechanism of branching, and growing of inflorescence and what kinds of genes involved in regulation. For understanding how Oncidium's Inflorescence develop under high temperature, we cloned genes which affect inflorescence of Oncidium under high temperature. We used three-year-old Gower Ramsey plants as material, and cultured them under moderate temperature（28/23℃）and high temperature（35/30℃）. We used DDRT-PCR（differential display reverse transcription PCR）to clone 298 genes from the top 2 cm of inflorescences. We chose one gene which could affects the growth and development of inflorescence. Expression of this gene is higher under optimal temperature than high temperature. We named it as Oncidium Tryptophan Synthase Alpha subunit(OTSA). Tryptophan is the precursor of the plant hormone-indole acetic acid (IAA). IAA can promote the expression of PsGA 3 oxidase and repress the expression of PsGA 2 oxidase in pea, and promote the growth of stem. We used 5’RACE to obtain cDNA of OTSA and construct a vector with a promoter of Heat Shock Protein 101. Because transformation of Oncidium is difficult, we transform this fusion gene to Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacteria. We also investigated the expression of endogenous tryptophan synthase alpha subunit gene(AtTRP3) in Arabidopsis thaliana and found AtTRP3 expressed less amount in inflorescence under high temperature than under optimal temperature.中文摘要…………………………………………………………………..i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………..ii
前言……………………………………………………………………….1
材料與方法…………………………………………………...................7
結果…………………………………………………………..................22
一、 文心蘭花軸性狀與生長時期之溫度的關係.................................................22
二、 文心蘭花軸DDRT- PCR所釣取之基因及其表現… .……..............................22
三、 OTSA基因全長之釣取與HSP101之啟動子－OTSA融合基因之構築................23
四、 OTSA基因之轉殖及其子代分析………………………….……….….…...24
討論…………………………………………………………..................25
圖表…………………………………………………………..................29
參考文獻……………………………………………………..................39
附圖………………………………………………………………………4
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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