8,540 research outputs found
BA-LL37 binding to <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i>.
No full text<p>(A) LL-37 binding to <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> cells was determined by flow cytometry. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of BA-LL37 at 4°C in ice-cold PBS overnight. The binding between BA-LL37 and <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> was detected by adding SA-DTAF. The increase of signal was detected and correlated to cells treated with increasing concentrations of LL-37, indicating that LL-37 binds directly to <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i>. These data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. FL1-H indicates the extent of the fluorescence intensity. (B) An immunofluorescence staining assay was performed to verify LL-37 binding to <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i>. In the presence of 20 μg/ml LL-37, fluorescence was observed compared to the control (without BA-LL37 treatment). Samples were observed using a Carl Zeiss AXIO IMAGER A1 microscope.</p
About the preposition yu in Old Chinese
No full textInternational audienceUnlike in contemporary Chinese, in which a noun or an NP is marked to indicate the agent-patient relation (I refer to the ba and bei constructions which introduce the object/patient or the agent), in Old Chinese, a verb was marked to express complex semantic relations (goal, source, agent, patient, benefactive, result, etc.). In other words, these marks were phonologically, morphologically and lexically reflected in verbs: changes of tone, the voicing of initials, the alternation of some vowels, and the choice of verbs ; these all operated within the verb phrase. In this paper I have studied marking of the verb by the preposition yu, and specifically the irregular occurrence of yu introducing a noun: for the same verb, yu can be present or absent without changing the meaning of the sentence. In syntactically marked sentences, the prepositions于yu and於yu were obviously the most commonly used prepositions, and their semantic and syntactic functions were overloaded. Before the Han period (at the late period of the 3rd century BC), the graph於yu took a dominant position over the graph 于yu according to our investigations. I have noted that some psychverbs can freely use the preposition yu to introduce an object. The meaning remains the same for most of these verbs. The verbs which can undergo this operation have a prominent feature in common: the degree of their transitivity is very weak. Also, these verbs tend to have a departing tone. I am inclined to argue that the verbs’ marking by the preposition yu just reflected the reorganization of the word order in OC forced by typological change. This paper takes a new approach of using arguments largely based on excavated texts instead of transmitted ones, unlike most papers on this topic
About the preposition yu in Old Chinese
No full textInternational audienceUnlike in contemporary Chinese, in which a noun or an NP is marked to indicate the agent-patient relation (I refer to the ba and bei constructions which introduce the object/patient or the agent), in Old Chinese, a verb was marked to express complex semantic relations (goal, source, agent, patient, benefactive, result, etc.). In other words, these marks were phonologically, morphologically and lexically reflected in verbs: changes of tone, the voicing of initials, the alternation of some vowels, and the choice of verbs ; these all operated within the verb phrase. In this paper I have studied marking of the verb by the preposition yu, and specifically the irregular occurrence of yu introducing a noun: for the same verb, yu can be present or absent without changing the meaning of the sentence. In syntactically marked sentences, the prepositions于yu and於yu were obviously the most commonly used prepositions, and their semantic and syntactic functions were overloaded. Before the Han period (at the late period of the 3rd century BC), the graph於yu took a dominant position over the graph 于yu according to our investigations. I have noted that some psychverbs can freely use the preposition yu to introduce an object. The meaning remains the same for most of these verbs. The verbs which can undergo this operation have a prominent feature in common: the degree of their transitivity is very weak. Also, these verbs tend to have a departing tone. I am inclined to argue that the verbs’ marking by the preposition yu just reflected the reorganization of the word order in OC forced by typological change. This paper takes a new approach of using arguments largely based on excavated texts instead of transmitted ones, unlike most papers on this topic
Boundary Algebra: A Simpler Approach to Boolean Algebra and the Sentential Connectives
No full textBoundary algebra [BA] is a algebra of type , and a simplified notation for Spencer-Brown’s (1969) primary algebra. The syntax of the primary arithmetic [PA] consists of two atoms, () and the blank page, concatenation, and enclosure between ‘(‘ and ‘)’, denoting the primitive notion of distinction. Inserting letters denoting, indifferently, the presence or absence of () into a PA formula yields a BA formula. The BA axioms are A1: ()()= (), and A2: “(()) [abbreviated ‘⊥’] may be written or erased at will,” implying (⊥)=(). The repeated application of A1 and A2 simplifies any PA formula to either () or ⊥. The basis for BA is B1: abc=bca (concatenation commutes & associates); B2, ⊥a=a (BA has a lower bound, ⊥); B3, (a)a=() (BA is a complemented lattice); and B4, (ba)a=(b)a (implies that BA is a distributive lattice). BA has two intended models: (1) the Boolean algebra 2 with base set B={(),⊥}, such that () ⇔ 1 [dually 0], (a) ⇔ a′, and ab ⇔ a∪b [a∩b]; and (2) sentential logic, such that () ⇔ true [false], (a) ⇔ ~a, and ab ⇔ a∨b [a∧b]. BA is a self-dual notation, facilitates a calculational style of proof, and simplifies clausal reasoning and Quine’s truth value analysis. BA resembles C.S. Peirce’s graphical logic, the symbolic logics of Leibniz and W.E. Johnson, the 2 notation of Byrne (1946), and the Boolean term schemata of Quine (1982).Boundary algebra; boundary logic; primary algebra; primary arithmetic; Boolean algebra; calculation proof; G. Spencer-Brown; C.S. Peirce; existential graphs
[[alternative]]A Pedagogical Grammar of the Chinese Disposal(Ba) Construction
No full text[[abstract]]Current pedagogical grammar of the Chinese disposal construction (ba) is based on Shou-hsin Teng’s theoretical framework and methodology in his A Pedagogical Grammar of Chinese (2003), which draws on 7,710 examples from a corpus of authentic material and theoretical linguistics/grammar research, and emphasizes the learner as a crucial parameter, providing an exhaustive description of the Chinese disposal construction. In my thesis, I identify three semantic functions of the Chinese disposal construction based on Teng’s theoretical framework: disposal, accidental, and causative. (The disposal semantic function comprises 94.53% of the 7,288 examples in the Academia Sinica Corpus.) Additionally, I seek to establish seven basic sub-structures of the disposal construction: ba 1) S ba OV + aspect; ba 2) S ba OV + result; ba 3) S ba OV + goal; ba 4) S ba OV + direction; ba 5) S ba OV + extent; ba 6) S ba OV + range; ba 7) S ba OV + reduplication.
Drawing on Teng’s principles regarding multiple sequences and the assessment of the difficulty grammar of points, I posit eight principles for assessing the difficulty of seven disposal construction sub-structures, and order such sub-structures according to their level of difficulty; in so doing, I assess the sequencing, pedagogical stages, and grading of the sub-structures, and create a model for disposal construction pedagogy which includes a series of computer-based, task-oriented scenarios. I believe my thesis can help bridge the gap between the fields of pedagogical grammar and pedagogy, and provide a discursive platform on which relevant issues can be further examined. Hopefully, my research and the potential discursive platform arising from it will lend themselves to discrediting the common belief that disposal construction pedagogy is best formulated according to an educator’s personal experiences. This thesis thereby situates the pedagogy of the disposal construction firmly in the realm of empirical science. Additionally, I seek to help educators to develop their pedagogical methodology according to my sequence of the disposal construction, and to systematically improve their teaching methods. In so doing, educators will enable second language learners not only to fully grasp the disposal construction and other related grammar points, but also to grasp the entirety of the Chinese grammar system. Thus they will ultimately allow learners to actively engage speakers of the target language in an appropriate, effective manner.
Seawater nutrient and carbonate ion concentrations recorded as P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca in the deep-sea coral D. dianthus
No full textAs paleoceanographic archives, deep sea coral skeletons offer the potential for high temporal resolution and precise absolute dating, but have not been fully investigated for geochemical reconstructions of past ocean conditions. Here we assess the utility of skeletal P/Ca, Ba/Ca and U/Ca in the deep sea coral D. dianthus as proxies of dissolved phosphate (remineralized at shallow depths), dissolved barium (trace element with silicate-type distribution) and carbonate ion concentrations, respectively. Measurements of these proxies in globally distributed D. dianthus specimens show clear dependence on corresponding seawater properties. Linear regression fits of mean coral Element/Ca ratios against seawater properties yield the equations: P/Cacoral (lmol/mol) = (0.6 ± 0.1) P/Casw(lmol/mol) – (23 ± 18), R2 = 0.6, n = 16 and Ba/Cacoral(lmol/mol) = (1.4 ± 0.3) Ba/Casw(lmol/mol) + (0 ± 2), R2 = 0.6, n = 17; no significant relationship is observed between the residuals of each regression and seawater temperature, salinity, pressure, pH or carbonate ion concentrations, suggesting that these variables were not significant secondary dependencies of these proxies. Four D. dianthus specimens growing at locations withOarag 6 0.6 displayed markedly depleted P/Ca compared to the regression based on the remaining samples, a behavior attributed to an undersaturation effect. These corals were excluded from the calibration. Coral U/Ca correlates with seawater carbonate ion: U/Cacoral(lmol/mol) = (?0.016 ± 0.003) ½CO2? 3 ? (lmol/kg) + (3.2 ± 0.3), R2 = 0.6, n = 17. The residuals of the U/Ca calibration are not significantly related to temperature, salinity, or pressure. Scatter about the linear calibration lines is attributed to imperfect spatialtemporal matches between the selected globally distributed specimens and available water column chemical data, and potentially to unresolved additional effects. The uncertainties of these initial proxy calibration regressions predict that dissolved phosphate could be reconstructed to ±0.4 lmol/kg (for 1.3–1.9 lmol/kg phosphate), and dissolved Ba to ±19 nmol/kg (for 41–82 nmol/kg Basw). Carbonate ion concentration derived from U/Ca has an uncertainty of ±31lmol/kg (for 60–120 lmol=kg CO2? 3 ). The effect of microskeletal variability on P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca was also assessed, with emphasis on centers of calcification, Fe–Mn phases, and external contaminants. Overall, the results show strong potential for reconstructing aspects of water mass mixing and biogeochemical processes in intermediate and deep waters using fossil deep-sea corals
Aesop's Fables (Burmese)
No full textHere is a most unusual book. About its texts, I can say nothing except that there is a beginning T of C. The front cover presents a congeries of animal faces in color, appropriate for Aesop's fables. The book features full-page monochrome illustrations that are highly stylized and interpretative. Though I cannot find out more bibliographical information about this book, including where I found it, I do know that it won a Sarpay Beikhman translation award in 1954. Among the best of the twenty or so full-page illustrations, I would mention "The Bull and the Gnat" about halfway through the book (sorry, the pagination is in Burmese) and WL late in the book. Apparently there are 310 pages here. I believe that this Burmese-language book brings to 65 the total of languages represented in monolingual books in our collection. Ngwe Ta Yee is Min Yu Way's wife, and he himself is a recognized literary creator in Myanmar. This copy includes a pamphlet and a card in Burmese. What a great find!Language note: BurmeseTranslated by Min Yu Way & Ngwe Ta Ye
Pemeranan Tokoh Pelayan I Dalam Naskah Ba-Bi & Ba-Bu Karya Jean Genet Menggunakan Metode Stanislavski
No full textServant I is a character in the Ba-Bi & Ba-Bu script by Jean Genet translated by Asrul Sani Adapted by Rachman Sabur which was the choice of the Final Exam for the interest in Acting by the author. This script is an absurdist script that can be seen from Martin Jullius Esslin in his book The Theatre Of The Absurd discussing Jean Genet. Jean Genet himself was one of the pioneers of absurd theater that greatly shook the world's thinking at that time. The Ba-Bi & Ba-Bu script is a representation of life between the master and his two servants. Servant one is an association of an unstable psyche that occurs due to pressure from the environment. The actor plays the role of the Grand Lady for substitutive satisfaction of her compulsive obsession with fate, but in the end she is suffocated in her own game. Servant I represents the prisoner's daydream, the fantasy of an outcast who makes a futile effort to teach the world about acceptance and ownership. The process of developing and identifying the character of this servant one uses the reference book "Becoming an Actor" by Suyatna Anirun with an effort to apply the Stanislavsky Method described
Represent an issue as open: Mandarin discourse particle ba
No full textThe Mandarin sentence final particle ba has been described as expressing uncertainty or soliciting agreement in declaratives ("weakening" an assertion, Han 1995, Li 2006 a.o.). However, ba-interrogatives appear to be "strengthening" a question to a demand: "you must answer this question," similar to the cornering effects associated with or not questions (Biezma 2009 a.o.). To account for this "weak" and "strong" contrast, some have postulated a lexical ambiguity: ba1 in declaratives and ba2 in interrogatives (Chao 1968, Zhu 1999). In this paper, I discuss new data showing that ba-declaratives are not always less forceful and ba-interrogatives are not always more forceful than their unmarked counterparts, which challenges current theories. I propose that, uniformly, the use of ba represents an issue as open. The "weak" and "strong" effects are results of ba interacting with the discourse context
ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY Of .
No full textAuthor Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University ions have been produced by eximer laser ablation of Ba in a high pressure flow of Ar. This mixture was expanded supersonically, cooled, and probed downstream with a tunable dye laser. The LIF signal from the and electronic transitions of were easily observed. A Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer was used to control production of and ions. Two vibrational progressions were observed to the red of each atomic transition under conditions when the signal in the TOF mass spectrum was about 20\% of that of . We attribute these two bands to the diatomic species and identify them as transitions from the ground state to two spin-orbit components of the state. There are, in the excitation spectrum, five and seven vibrational transitions observed terminating in the upper and lower spin-orbit components respectively. We have also observed dispersed spectra, following laser excitation, from the first four members of each of the vibrational progressions. Based upon the determined vibrational frequencies, we conclude that the ground state is less strongly bound than the excited state
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