1,721,083 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Prognostic Factors for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Nationwide Retrospective Study
No full textSupplemental Material Prognostic Factors for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Nationwide Retrospective Study by Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng, Tran-Der Tan, Yun-Yi Pan, Yu-Wen Lin, Pei-Wen Lien, Hsin-Chun Chou, Peng-Hsu Chen, and Fang-Ju Lin in Cancer Control</p
Micronization and Amorphization of Lapatinib and Nitrofurantoin Using Supercritical Anti-solvent Method
No full text本研究利用超臨界反溶劑法針對水難溶性藥物進行微粒化及非晶型化之研究，以增加水難溶性藥物於人體中之溶離速率及生體可用性。所選用之目標藥物為抗乳癌標靶藥物拉帕替尼(lapatinib)及常用以治療泌尿道感染之抗生素硝基呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)，此兩種藥物於水中之溶解度皆非常低，幾乎不溶於水，不利藥物於人體之吸收。因此，本研究以超臨界反溶劑法對此兩項藥物進行微粒化，並評估此兩種藥物在微粒化之同時使其晶型轉變為非晶型之可能性，以提升其溶離速率，進而增加其生體可用性。而除了將藥物微粒化之外，本研究也以微粒化前後之藥物於模擬腸液中進行溶離速率測試，以觀察藥物經微粒化後是否有較高之溶離速率。此研究中所選用之反溶劑為超臨界二氧化碳，探討之實驗參數包括溶劑種類、操作溫度、壓力、溶液濃度、溶液流速及噴嘴內徑。
在拉帕替尼之微粒化研究中，於最佳操作條件時可將其由原始藥物粒徑之11.87 μm微粒化至0.32 μm。此外，XRD之分析結果顯示微粒化後之藥物已成為非晶型。關於溶離速率測試方面，實驗結果顯示拉帕替尼經微粒化後，與原始藥物相比具有較高之溶離速率，但由於此藥物本身為難溶性藥物之緣故，因此，無論是否經過微粒化程序處理，其溶離速率係數kw皆趨近於0。因此，推測此藥物可能不適合以溶離速率係數kw來進行溶離速率快慢之比較。
在硝基呋喃妥因之微粒化研究中，於最佳之操作條件可將其由原始藥物粒徑之202 μm微粒化至2.93 μm。經由XRD之分析，也確認了此藥物經過超臨界反溶劑法之處理後，其結晶性較原始藥物低。關於溶離速率測試方面，實驗結果顯示微粒化後之硝基呋喃妥因，與原始藥物相比具有較高之溶離速率，原始藥物之溶離速率係數kw為0.1712 min-1，微粒化後藥物之溶離速率係數kw為0.6441 min-1，較原始藥物提升約3.8倍。μThis study is focus on the micronization and amorphization of poorly water soluble pharmaceuticals using supercritical anti-solvent method to enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability in human. The target pharmaceuticals used in this research include lapatinib ditosylate and nitrofurantoin. Lapatinib ditosylate is an orally active drug for breast cancer and nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic which is usually used in treating urinary tract infection. Both the drugs has poor water solubility and hence the low dissolution rate and low bioavailability in human. Therefore, the object of this study is to assess the possibility of micronization and amorphization of these two target drugs.
The supercritical carbon dioxide was employed as the anti-solvent in this study. The effects of six process parameters were compared and discussed, including solvent, operation temperature, pressure, solution concentration, solution flow rate and nozzle diameter.
About the micronization of lapatinib ditosylate, it could be successfully micronized from original 11.87 μm to 0.32 μm at the optimal operating conditions. From the results of XRD, the micronized lapatinib ditosylate was almost become amorphous since there were no characteristic peak in the XRD patterns.
About the micronization of nitrofurantoin, it could also be successfully micronized from original 202 μm to 2.93 μm at the optimal operating conditions. And from the result of XRD, the micronized nitrofurantoin had lower crystallinity compared with the original drug since several characteristic peaks were weakended or disappeared in the XRD patterns.
After the micronization process, the processed and unprocessed pharmaceuticals were tested using a dissolution tester. From the results of dissolution rate test, both the processed lapatinib ditosylate and nitrofurantoin has higher dissolution rate than the original drug
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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