1,721,139 research outputs found
Estimation of future liver remnant function to prevent post-hepatectomy liver failure : a refined tool
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Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
No full textAbstract: Background Somatostatin analogues are commonly used to treat symptoms associated with hormone hypersecretion in neuroendocrine tumors; however, data on their antitumor effects are limited. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study of the somatostatin analogue lanreotide in patients with advanced, well-differentiated or moderately differentiated, nonfunctioning, somatostatin receptorpositive neuroendocrine tumors of grade 1 or 2 (a tumor proliferation index [on staining for the Ki-67 antigen] of <10%) and documented disease-progression status. The tumors originated in the pancreas, midgut, or hindgut or were of unknown origin. Patients were randomly assigned to receive an extended-release aqueous-gel formulation of lanreotide (Autogel [known in the United States as Depot], Ipsen) at a dose of 120 mg (101 patients) or placebo (103 patients) once every 28 days for 96 weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival, defined as the time to disease progression (according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.0) or death. Secondary end points included overall survival, quality of life (assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-GI.NET21), and safety. Results Most patients (96%) had no tumor progression in the 3 to 6 months before randomization, and 33% had hepatic tumor volumes greater than 25%. Lanreotide, as compared with placebo, was associated with significantly prolonged progression-free survival (median not reached vs. median of 18.0 months, P<0.001 by the stratified log-rank test; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 0.73). The estimated rates of progression-free survival at 24 months were 65.1% (95% CI, 54.0 to 74.1) in the lanreotide group and 33.0% (95% CI, 23.0 to 43.3) in the placebo group. The therapeutic effect in predefined subgroups was generally consistent with that in the overall population, with the exception of small subgroups in which confidence intervals were wide. There were no significant between-group differences in quality of life or overall survival. The most common treatment-related adverse event was diarrhea (in 26% of the patients in the lanreotide group and 9% of those in the placebo group). Conclusions Lanreotide was associated with significantly prolonged progression-free survival among patients with metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of grade 1 or 2 (Ki-67 <10%). (Funded by Ipsen; CLARINET ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00353496; EudraCT 2005004904-35.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Future directions in fistula treatment: papers presented at a closed meeting held at Sheraton Airport Hotel, Brussels, Belgium, 10th August 1999
No full textFunctional changes and morbidity after pancreatic surgery : a plea to increase awareness
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Immunosuppressive impact of the CD73-adenosine pathway in colorectal cancer liver metastasis : a paradigm shift towards immune-based prognostication
No full textAbstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes the third most frequent type of cancer worldwide. Approximately 50% of all patients with CRC develop liver metastases (CRLMs) in the course of their disease. Liver resection in combination with systemic chemotherapy is regarded as the most effective and potentially curative treatment strategy for CRLMs, with a 5-year survival rate surpassing 50%. Despite the advent of modern chemotherapy and broadened surgical indications for liver resection, the majority of patients develop recurrent disease within 2 years after hepatectomy. Although current risk assessment tools based on clinicopathological factors have been generally informative, they have however failed to incorporate the prognostic relevance of immune evasion as an important hallmark of cancer growth and progression. Moreover, immune checkpoint blockade has not yet been effective in patients with mismatch repair proficient metastatic CRC. New targeting immunosuppressive metabolic pathways are therefore being explored as a novel immunotherapeutic approach. As such, the CD73-adenosine axis represents a promising target in immuno-oncology. Extracellular adenosine is a potent immunosuppressive metabolite of ATP released by cancer and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The membrane-bound and soluble homodimer nucleotidase CD73 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the ATP to adenosine degradation pathway. CD73 is also an adhesive and signaling molecule that has been associated with cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, neovascularization and drug resistance. In this thesis, we focus on the prognostic value of CD73 expression in CRLMs, claiming that high intratumoral CD73 levels, measured by immunofluorescence, may be useful in predicting a subgroup of patients with poor pathological features, shorter recurrence time and worse survival, independently from other clinico-pathological variables. This groundwork defines the biological relevance and potential rationale of targeting CD73 in now-designed clinical immune-oncology trials using blocking antibodies or inhibiting the adenosine A2A receptor in patients with CRLMs. While histopathology and immune scoring of primary CRC are well studied, comparatively little is known about metastatic CRC lesions. We therefore address in this thesis associations between histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of CRLMs and three adaptive immune features, representing effector T cells (CD3), antigen presentation (MHC-I), and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (CD73). After validating the prognostic value of HGPs, our main contribution is to find that CD73 expression was the immune marker best able to further stratify patients. This thesis advocates however that no single biomarker can accurately predict outcome, but that models integrating clinical, histological, immune and other parameters are needed to guide clinical decision making in CRLM patients
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