9 research outputs found
Effect of vitamin C and its nanoparticles injection on testicular hemodynamics, testicular volume, testicular echotexture, and circulating testosterone and nitric oxide in pubescent goat bucks
No full textThe current study investigated the effect of vitamin C and its nanoparticles (NPs) on testicular hemodynamics using Doppler ultrasonography, testicular volume (TV), testicular echotexture (PIX), and circulating testosterone (T), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in pubescent bucks under heat stress conditions. Fifteen Baladi goat bucks were split into three groups (5 in each): the control group received subcutaneous (S/C) injections of 1 ml of corn oil, the vitamin C group received S/C injections of 1 ml of traditional vitamin C (5mg/kg body weight), and the vitamin C NPs group was administered by S/C injections of 1ml of vitamin C NPs (1.25 mg/kg body weight). All groups had been injected twice a week in 3-4 days intervals for 4 consecutive weeks. Testicular hemodynamics assessment was done on day zero, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32. Estimating the TV and PIX was performed by B-mode ultrasonography and computer-assisted image analysis software. Concentrations of T, NO, and TAC were measured using commercial kits. Results revealed significant decreases (P ˂0.05) in Doppler indices values (resistive index and pulsatility index) in the vitamin C NPs group followed by the vitamin C group compared to the control group. There were significant increases (P < 0.05) in the TV, PIX, and NO, TAC concentrations in the vitamin C NPs group and vitamin C group compared to the control group. There were no significant differences (P ˃ 0.05) in the concentrations of T between all groups during the studied time points. In conclusion, vitamin C NPs improve testicular blood flow and increase NO concentrations and TV than traditional vitamin C. Nano-formulations of vitamin C showed higher antioxidant activity compared to traditional vitamin C as it improves its stability and bioavailability. So, using nanoparticles of vitamin C could be recommended for improving the reproductive performance of pubescent bucks under heat-stress conditions
Combined in vivo and silico assessment of melatonin’s protective effects on rifampicin-induced liver damage in rats
No full textAbstract Liver injury is a globally serious problem that may be observed post-chemotherapeutic administration in chronic crises such as tuberculosis (TB). Rifamycin (RIF), particularly, is an indispensable treatment regimen for TB with a significant negative hepatic impact. Therefore, this research aims to assess the restorative role of melatonin (MEL) against rifampicin (RIF)-associated hepatic damage in rats. Moreover, to investigate the ultimate mechanism of the antioxidant potential of MEL with multimodal assessment and in silico molecular conformation. Adult male Wistar albino rats were weighed and divided into four groups of ten rats each. The control group received the vehicle (0.5 ml/day), the RIF-intoxicated group (100 mg/kg/day orally), the MEL-treated group (10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), and the Co-administered RIF and MEL group at the same regimen for 21 consecutive days. Blood and hepatic tissue samples were obtained for biochemical, histological, and molecular studies. High in vitro antioxidant scavenging potential of MEL with an IC50 of 94.66 µg/ml was attained using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of MEL indicated the presence of mainly cinnamic acid, m-(trimethyl-silyl ester), in addition to several reactive antioxidant moieties. The plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lipid profiles were significantly reduced in the MEL + RIF co-administered group in contrast to the RIF-treated group (P < 0.05). Moreover, MEL significantly decreased the hepatic oxidative biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly increased the estimated antioxidant enzyme levels (P < 0.05) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Histological evaluations revealed mild hepatic injuries and inflammatory cellular infiltration in MEL-treated animals. Molecular docking explored the high-affinity interaction of MEL and cinnamic acids with hepatic cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) protein target, confirming their hepatic restorative potential. This study endorses the antioxidant potential role of MEL in RIF-hepatic injury
Efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Trichinella spiralis in mice and the role of multivitamin in alleviating its toxicity
No full textAbstract Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. The majority of currently available anti-trichinellosis medications exhibit inadequate efficacy. The efficacy of a natively prepared new formulation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was evaluated in the treatment of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection in mice alone and combined with multivitamin-mineral (MM). After investigating the product’s biological and pharmacological characteristics, its therapeutic dose was estimated to be Ag-NPs at 21.5 mg/kg B.W. This dose was orally inoculated to experimentally infected mice at 3–5 days post-inoculation (dpi) against the mature worms, at 8–10 dpi against the newborn larvae, and at 33–35th dpi against the encapsulated larvae. Each treatment’s efficacy was assessed by scarifying control and treated mice 3 days post-treatment. The drug alone or in supplement form has a high trichinocidal effect exceeding that of the reference drug. Early treatment (3–5 dpi) by Ag-NPs or Ag-NPs + MM and albendazole revealed high efficacy against the intestinal stage, reaching 93.3%, 94.7%, and 90.6% for the three treatments, respectively. The materials causing a significant (P-value < 0.001) decrease in the mean encapsulated larvae reached 86.61%, 89.07%, and 88.84%/gm of muscles using the three treatments, respectively. Moreover, all larvae extracted from Ag-NPs-treated groups failed to induce infection post-inoculation in new mice. Additionally, combining the material with MM proved to overcome the reversible adverse effects of silver material on the estimated redox parameters and liver and kidney biomarkers, denoting its ability to alleviate Ag-NP toxicity. In conclusion, the high trichinocidal effect of Ag-NPs against the adult and encapsulated larvae during a short inoculation period introduced Ag-NPs as an alternative to other nematicidal drugs
In vivo and in vitro assessment of the anti-mycoplasma activity of Curcumin nanoparticles and their impact on health and performance of broiler chickens
No full textGlobally, the poultry production industry is growing at a rapid pace. Mycoplasma is a disease that causes an enormous financial loss to the poultry farming industry. Lately, there have been reports of avian mycoplasmosis resistance to multiple antibiotics especially macrolides. Thus, the purpose of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of curcumin nanoparticles (Curcumin-NPs) against Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in vitro and in vivo as a possible alternative for antibiotics. In vitro investigations were used to determine the curcumin-NPs' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) versus MG and MS. To conduct in vivo research, 216 birds were divided into nine groups, each consisting of 24 birds in triplicate and 8 birds apiece. The groups were as follows: G1 was given an MG challenge; G2 received an MG challenge and 0.5% curcumin-NPs; G3 received an MG challenge and 1% curcumin-NPs; G4 MG challenged and treated with tilmicosin, G5 challenged with MS; G6 infected with MS and supplied with 0.5% curcumin-NPs; G7 infected with MS and supplied with 1% curcumin-NPs; G8 received an MS challenge and treated with tilmicosin and G9 were the control negative group. The conclusion is that Curcumin-NPs demonstrated in vitro anti-mycoplasma activities; adding 1% curcumin-NPs to the drinking water for five days was a much more potent treatment than adding 0.5% curcumin-NPs and tilmicosin for the control of MG and MS infections in broiler chickens; the treated birds showed improved lipid profiles, better FCR, body weight gain, and a noticeable decrease in the sternness of clinical manifestations as well as lesions score. Additionally, a notable enhancement in renal function (urea & creatinine), hepatic enzymes (ALT & AST), and antioxidant status (Catalase, GSH, and MDA). There has also been a notable advancement in lipid profile. For five days, the use of 1% curcumin-NPs in the drinking water is advised as a secure and efficient treatment for avian mycoplasmosis in broiler chickens
Unravelling the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, suppressing fibronectin binding protein A (fnba) and cna virulence genes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of biosynthesized Solanum lycopersicum silver nanoparticles
No full textAbstract: Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections [UTIs] are considered the third most known risk of infection in human health around the world. There is increasing appreciation for the pathogenicity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains in UTIs, aside from fungal infection, as they have numerous virulence factors. Materials and Methods: In this study, fifty urine samples were collected from patients suffering from UTI. Among the isolates of UTI microbes, six isolates were described as MDR isolates after an antibiotic susceptibility test carried out using ten different antibiotics. An alternative treatment for microbial elimination involved the use of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from Solanum lycopersicum [S. cumin]. Results: The sizes and shapes of AgNPs were characterized through TEM imaging, which showed spherical particles in a size range of 35-80 nm, of which the average size was 53 nm. Additionally, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrated inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (OR648079), exhibiting a 31 mm zone of inhibition at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 mg/mL. This was followed by Aspergillus niger (OR648075), which showed a 30 mm inhibition zone at an MIC of 16 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 32 mg/mL. Then, Enterococcus faecalis (OR648078), Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR648081), and Acinetobacter baumannii (OR648080) each displayed a 29 mm zone of inhibition at an MIC of 8 mg/mL and an MBC of 16 mg/mL. The least inhibition was observed against Candida auris (OR648076), with a 25 mm inhibition zone at an MIC of 16 mg/mL and an MFC of 32 mg/mL. Furthermore, AgNPs at different concentrations removed DPPH and H2O2 at an IC50 value of 13.54 mu g/mL. Also, AgNPs at 3 mg/mL showed remarkable DNA fragmentation in all bacterial strains except Enterococcus faecalis. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of different active organic components in the plant extract, which concluded that rutin was 88.3 mg/g, garlic acid was 70.4 mg/g, and tannic acid was 23.7 mg/g. Finally, AgNPs concentrations in the range of 3-6 mg/mL showed decreased expression of two of the fundamental genes necessary for biofilm formation within Staphylococcus aureus, fnbA (6 folds), and Cna (12.5 folds) when compared with the RecA gene, which decreased by one-fold when compared with the control sample. These two genes were submitted with NCBI accession numbers [OR682119] and [OR682118], respectively. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate that biosynthesized AgNPs from Solanum lycopersicum exhibit promising antimicrobial and antioxidant properties against UTI pathogens, including strains resistant to multiple antibiotics. This suggests their potential as an effective alternative treatment for UTIs. Further research is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms of action and to explore the therapeutic applications of these nanoparticles in combating UTIs
Biomedical Promise of Aspergillus Flavus-Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles: A Green Synthesis Approach to Antiviral, Anticancer, Anti-Biofilm, and Antibacterial Applications
No full textThis study utilized Aspergillus flavus to produce selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) in an environmentally friendly and ecologically sustainable manner, targeting several medicinal applications. These biosynthesized Se-NPs were meticulously characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV), revealing their spherical shape and size ranging between 28 and 78 nm. We conducted further testing of Se-NPs to evaluate their potential for biological applications, including antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities. The results indicate that biosynthesized Se-NPs could be effective against various pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). Additionally, the biosynthesized Se-NPs exhibited anticancer activity against three cell lines: pancreatic carcinoma (PANC1), cervical cancer (Hela), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), with IC50 values of 177, 208, and 216 μg/mL, respectively. The nanoparticles demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HAV, achieving inhibition rates of 66.4% and 15.1%, respectively, at the maximum non-toxic concentration, while also displaying antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. In conclusion, the biosynthesized Se-NPs by A. flavus present a promising avenue for various biomedical applications with safe usage
Biomedical promise of aspergillus flavus-biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles : a green synthesis approach to antiviral, anticancer, anti-biofilm, and antibacterial applications
No full textAbstract: This study utilized Aspergillus flavus to produce selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) in an environmentally friendly and ecologically sustainable manner, targeting several medicinal applications. These biosynthesized Se-NPs were meticulously characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), revealing their spherical shape and size ranging between 28 and 78 nm. We conducted further testing of Se-NPs to evaluate their potential for biological applications, including antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities. The results indicate that biosynthesized Se-NPs could be effective against various pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). Additionally, the biosynthesized Se-NPs exhibited anticancer activity against three cell lines: pancreatic carcinoma (PANC1), cervical cancer (Hela), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), with IC50 values of 177, 208, and 216 mu g/mL, respectively. The nanoparticles demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HAV, achieving inhibition rates of 66.4% and 15.1%, respectively, at the maximum non-toxic concentration, while also displaying antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. In conclusion, the biosynthesized Se-NPs by A. flavus present a promising avenue for various biomedical applications with safe usage
Unravelling the Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Suppressing <i>Fibronectin Binding Protein A</i> (<i>fnba</i>) and <i>cna</i> Virulence Genes, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Biosynthesized <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> Silver Nanoparticles
No full textBackground and Objectives: Urinary tract infections [UTIs] are considered the third most known risk of infection in human health around the world. There is increasing appreciation for the pathogenicity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains in UTIs, aside from fungal infection, as they have numerous virulence factors. Materials and Methods: In this study, fifty urine samples were collected from patients suffering from UTI. Among the isolates of UTI microbes, six isolates were described as MDR isolates after an antibiotic susceptibility test carried out using ten different antibiotics. An alternative treatment for microbial elimination involved the use of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from Solanum lycopersicum [S. cumin]. Results: The sizes and shapes of AgNPs were characterized through TEM imaging, which showed spherical particles in a size range of 35–80 nm, of which the average size was 53 nm. Additionally, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrated inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (OR648079), exhibiting a 31 mm zone of inhibition at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 mg/mL. This was followed by Aspergillus niger (OR648075), which showed a 30 mm inhibition zone at an MIC of 16 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 32 mg/mL. Then, Enterococcus faecalis (OR648078), Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR648081), and Acinetobacter baumannii (OR648080) each displayed a 29 mm zone of inhibition at an MIC of 8 mg/mL and an MBC of 16 mg/mL. The least inhibition was observed against Candida auris (OR648076), with a 25 mm inhibition zone at an MIC of 16 mg/mL and an MFC of 32 mg/mL. Furthermore, AgNPs at different concentrations removed DPPH and H2O2 at an IC50 value of 13.54 μg/mL. Also, AgNPs at 3 mg/mL showed remarkable DNA fragmentation in all bacterial strains except Enterococcus faecalis. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of different active organic components in the plant extract, which concluded that rutin was 88.3 mg/g, garlic acid was 70.4 mg/g, and tannic acid was 23.7 mg/g. Finally, AgNPs concentrations in the range of 3–6 mg/mL showed decreased expression of two of the fundamental genes necessary for biofilm formation within Staphylococcus aureus, fnbA (6 folds), and Cna (12.5 folds) when compared with the RecA gene, which decreased by one-fold when compared with the control sample. These two genes were submitted with NCBI accession numbers [OR682119] and [OR682118], respectively. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate that biosynthesized AgNPs from Solanum lycopersicum exhibit promising antimicrobial and antioxidant properties against UTI pathogens, including strains resistant to multiple antibiotics. This suggests their potential as an effective alternative treatment for UTIs. Further research is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms of action and to explore the therapeutic applications of these nanoparticles in combating UTIs
Eco‑friendly biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from Amphimedon compressa with antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-biofilm, and insecticidal properties against diseases vectors
No full textAbstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly recognized for their potential in biology due to their excellent drug delivery capabilities and ease of synthesis. To create AuNPs using marine sponge Amphimedon compressa, we used several techniques, including ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV–visible spectroscopy results demonstrated the formation of stable AuNPs at a pH of 7, with a peak absorption at 564 nm. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that secondary metabolites featuring –OH functional groups acted as reducing agents in the production of AuNPs. Morphological analysis showed that the AuNPs were spherical, consistently shaped particles averaging 10–40 nm in diameter, with proven stability over time. The inhibition zones for the bacteria tested with the synthesized AuNPs varied from 26 to 31 mm. Both the AuNPs and the A. compressa extract displayed significant antioxidant activity, achieving DPPH radical scavenging percentages of 70.73% and 85.62%, respectively. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, the AuNPs showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, with hemolytic inhibition percentages of 4.8%, 10.2%, 12.8%, 14.9%, 19.5%, and 22.4% at increasing concentrations. Furthermore, both the crude extract and the synthesized AuNPs exhibited adulticidal activity against the house fly (Musca domestica) and the mosquito (Culex pipiens). The LC50 and LC90 values for the crude extract were 34.988 and 62.836 ppm for M. domestica, and 9.258 and 17.399 ppm for C. pipiens. For the AuNPs, the corresponding values were 8.545 and 15.157 ppm for M. domestica, and 7.573 and 14.074 ppm for C. pipiens. Adult mortality caused by the AuNPs extract reached 100.00% for both Musca domestica and Culex pipiens at a concentration of 6 ppm. Overall, M. domestica and C. pipiens were more sensitive to AuNPs than to the crude extract. Both the synthesized AuNPs and the crude extract caused a significant, dose-dependent reduction in fecundity and hatchability in M. domestica and C. pipiens. In conclusion, the marine sponge A. compressa serves as an effective biological source for the synthesis of AuNPs, which demonstrate significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-biofilm, and insecticidal activities, highlighting their potential in biomedical and environmental fields
