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POTASYUM HİDROKSİT VE ÜRE İLE MODİFİYE EDİLMİŞ KANALİZASYON ÇAMURU ESASLI BİYOKÖMÜRÜNÜN ARAYÜZEYSEL KİMYASAL DAVRANIŞLARI VE SUDAN FORAT GİDERİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ SİNERJİK ETKİLERİ
No full textPhorate is one of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) having
detrimental impacts on living creatures and the environment. As such, biochar is a
low-cost and environment-friendly material that can be used as a catalyst to develop
the strategic tools that reduce and overcome the challenges caused by their rising
concentration. Herein, phorate removal strength of potassium hydroxide and ureamodified sewage sludge-derived biochars were described for the most goal-oriented
technique. The advanced characterization techniques form an essential basis for the
knowledge of surface functionalities and physicochemical properties of produced
biochars. The results of multiple characterization techniques revealed that the
generated biochars have a high specific surface area, porous surface, equally
distributed elemental composition, miscellaneous mineral content, diversified
surface functional groups and a high-level of thermochemical stability, which
encourage the removal mechanism of phorate. The batch removal experiments
affirmed that biochars pyrolyzed under 700°C, treated under hydrothermal
conditions and modified with the combination of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and
urea chemicals showed the best phorate removal efficiencies. These selective
samples were further chosen for the 2nd batch removal experiments with changingvi
temperature, biochar dose and pH variables. As a result of 2nd stage batch
experiments, three selected biochars shows enhanced Phorate removal efficiencies
at lower batch temperatures (25°C), higher biochar doses (5 and 15 g/L) and pH
within 6 – 7. Moreover, three biochar samples were reused four times and they
showed higher than 85% removal at the 5th experiment. GC-MS analysis was
performed to comprehend the intermediate degradation products (i.e., 2, 4-Di-tertbutylphenol, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2,3'-diol, 3,4',5,6'-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)) of
phorateForat, canlılar ve çevre üzerinde zararlı etkileri olan, yaygın olarak kullanılan
organofosforlu pestisitlerin bir çeşididir. Biyokömür, foratın artan konsantrasyon
değerlerinin neden olduğu zorlukları azaltan çevre dostu ve düşük maliyetli katalizör
olarak dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, potasyum hidroksit ve üre ile
modifiye edilmiş kanalizasyon çamuru esaslı biyokömürlerin forat giderimi üzerinde
gösterdikleri sinerjik etkiler vurgulanarak açıklanmaktadır. Başvurulan gelişmiş
karakterizasyon teknikleri, üretilen biyokömürün yüzey işlevleri ve fizikokimyasal
özellikleri hakkında bir temel oluşturmaktadır. Karakterizasyon teknikleri
sonucunda, üretilen biyokömürlerin foratın uzaklaştırma mekanizmasını teşvik eden
yüksek bir spesifik yüzey alanına, gözenekli yüzeye, eşit olarak dağıtılmış element
bileşimine, çeşitli mineral içeriğine, çeşitlendirilmiş yüzey fonksiyonel gruplarına ve
yüksek düzeyde termokimyasal dayanılıklığa sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Kesikli sorpsiyon deneyleri, hidrotermal ön işleme tabii tutulmuş, 700 °C sıcaklıkta
piroliz işlemi görmüş, KOH ve üre kimyasalları ile kombine şekilde modifiye
edilmiş biyokömürlerin %100 forat uzaklaştırarak en yüksek verimi gösterdiğiniviii
ortaya koymuştur. Bu üç numune üzerinde değişen sıcaklık, biyokömür dozu ve pH
değişkenleri ile ikinci aşama giderme deneyleri uygulanmıştır ve sonucunda daha
düşük yığın sıcaklıklarında (25 °C), daha yüksek biyokömür dozlarında (5 ve 15 g/L)
ve 6 – 7 pH da gelişmiş forat giderimi verimlilikleri göze çarpmıştır. Ayrıca, üç
biyokömür numunesi dört kez yeniden kullanılmış ve 5. deneyde %85in üzerinde
Forat giderimi göstermiştir. GC-MS analizi 18C kolonunda foratın serbest radikal
aracılı ara bozunma ürünlerini (örn., 2, 4-Di-tert-butylphenol, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2,3'-
diol, 3,4',5,6'-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)) araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür.M.S. - Master of ScienceTübitak 2232 Uluslararası Lider Araştırmacılar Program
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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