1,721,500 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluation of the multivariate accommodation performance of the grid method
No full textThe present study examined the multivariate accommodation performance (MAP) of the grid method, a distributed representative human models (RHM) generation method, in the context of men's pants sizing system design. Using the 1988 US Army male anthropometric data and +/- 2.5 cm of fitting tolerance, the grid method selected two key dimensions (waist girth and crotch height) out of 12 anthropometric dimensions and identified 25 RHMs to accommodate 95% of the population. The average MAP of the RHMs decreased dramatically as the number of anthropometric dimensions considered increased (99% for single dimension and 14% for 12 dimensions). A standardized regression model was established which explains the effects of two factors (sum of anthropometric dimension ranges; adjusted R-2 between key dimensions and other anthropometric dimensions) on the MAP of RHMs. This regression model can be used to prioritize anthropometric dimensions for efficient MAP improvement of men's pants design. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X1169sciessciahciscopu
Development of a digital human model generation method for ergonomic design in virtual environment
No full textA group of digital human models (DHMs) representing the target population under consideration is used to design products and workplaces in virtual environment. The present study proposes a two-step method which generates a group of DHMs in various sizes to properly accommodate the designated level of the human size variability of the target population. In the first step, a designated number of pairs of stature and weight within a specified accommodation range are generated from the bivariate normal distribution of stature and weight of the target population. In the second step, for each pair of stature and weight, the sizes of the DHM body segments are determined using hierarchical regression models and corresponding prediction distributions of individual values. The proposed generation method was applied to the 1988 US Army anthropometric survey data and then implemented to a web-based system for passenger car interior design. This web-based generation system is capable of generating a group of DHMs as nationality, gender, accommodation percentage, and the number of DHMs required is specified. Relevance to industry: A digital human simulation system has been used as an effective tool for ergonomic design and evaluation of products and workplaces in virtual environment. The human model generation method proposed in the present study is of use to efficiently generate a group of human models representing the target population. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.X112529sciescopu
Development and usability testing of an operating manual for a hair-braiding machine
No full textThe present study applied the concepts and techniques of usability testing to the development of an operating manual for a hair-braiding machine. A preliminary version of the manual was developed in four stages: (1) profiling user characteristics, (2) defining design features of the manual, (3) preparing contents, and (4) designing the format and layout of the manual. In each development stage, design factors, such as user characteristics and operating instructions, were identified and relevant methods, such as user profile analysis and hierarchical task analysis, were applied. The preliminary manual was evaluated by 5 cosmetology students (age, 18 to 25 years; training, 60 to 700 hours) by using various performance and preference measures and surveying opinions of the participants regarding likes, dislikes, and suggestions. Based on the test results, recommendations were made for better usability of the manual and revisions were made accordingly. The design and evaluation process of an operating manual presented in the study would help practitioners to develop a user-friendly manual.X1111sciescopu
Evaluation of the Force Sensitive Application Hand Force Measurement System
No full textThe Force Sensitive Application (FSA) system is used to measure forces exerted by the hand on an object. The present study evaluated the FSA system in terms of stability, repeatability, accuracy, and linearity at the sensor and system (pulp press, pulp pinch, and power grip) levels. At the sensor level, the FSA sensor showed high performance in stability (coefficient of variation [CV] <= 2%) and linearity (coefficient of determination [R-2] = 0.95), but low performance in repeatability (CV =11 similar to 19%) and accuracy (14 similar to 26% overvaluation). At the system level, the FSA system showed a decreasing accuracy (12 similar to 30% undervaluation) as the number of sensors involved in the test increased, but retained a high linearity (R-2 = 0.95 similar to 0.98) to measurement from a dynamometer. These evaluation results indicate that the FSA system should be used for relative, not absolute, comparison in force evaluation due to its lack of accuracy and that the accuracy of the FSA system can be improved due to its good linearity by calibrating FSA measurements with a dynamometer having a high level of accuracy. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.X1122sciessciahciscopu
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Development of a usability evaluation method using natural product-use motion
Get PDFThe present study developed and tested a new usability evaluation method which considers natural product-use motions. The proposed method measures both natural product-use motions (NMs) and actual product-use motions (AMs) for a product using an optical motion capture system and examines the usability of the product based on motion similarity (MS; %) between NMs and AMs. The proposed method was applied to a usability test of four vacuum cleaners (A, B, C, and D) with 15 participants and their MSs were compared with EMG measurements and subjective discomfort ratings. Cleaners A (44.6%) and C (44.2%) showed higher MSs than cleaners B (42.9%) and D (41.7%); the MSs mostly corresponded to the EMG measurements, which could indicate that AMs deviated from NMs may increase muscular efforts. However, the MSs were slightly different from the corresponding discomfort ratings. The proposed method demonstrated its usefulness in usability testing, but further research is needed with various products to generalize its effectiveness. ? 2016 Elsevier Ltd113Nsciessciscopu
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Development of a distributed representative human model generation and analysis system (DRHM-GAS): Application to optimization of flight suit and pilot oxygen mask sizing systems
No full textA computerized system is needed for effective determination of the sizing system of a multiple-size product. The present study developed a distributed representative human model generation and analysis system (DRHM-GAS) which can generate various sizing system candidates for a target population using different DRHM generation methods and evaluate the sizing system candidates. A five-step DRHM generation procedure (target population characterization, anthropometric variable selection, key dimension selection, grid formation, and DRHM size determination) was developed and implemented into the DRHM-GAS. A generated sizing system candidate is evaluated in the DRHM-GAS by a set of metrics including multivariate accommodation percentage and the number of sizing categories. The effectiveness of the DRHM-GAS was examined with two case studies of the development of optimal sizing systems for men's flight suit design based on the anthropometric data of US Army pilots and pilot oxygen mask design based on the facial anthropometric data of ROKAF pilots. The DRHM-GAS would be of use for product designers to establish an appropriate sizing system with efficiency. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.11Nsciessciscopu
- …
