54 research outputs found
A review for Ralitsa Kostadinova’s book “Suspended sentence under Bulgarian Criminal Lawâ€
No full textThe review is dedicated to the monograph entitled “Suspended Sentence under Bulgarian Criminal Law†by Ralitsa Kostadinova. In the book the author has pointed her scientific research in an academic area, namely that of suspended sentence, which so far has not been subject of a thorough and in-depth scientific analysis in Bulgaria, but at the same time it is of great practical significance in particular with regard to the work of the judicial bodies. The monograph under review undoubtedly contributes to the criminal legal theory
Socket Sealing Using Free Gingival Grafts: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Post-extraction ridge resorption is an inevitable phenomenon that cannot be eliminated but is significantly reduced using additional surgical techniques known as socket preservation. They aim to create favorable conditions for implant placement and prosthetic restoration. This study aims to assess the effect of socket sealing (SS) with free gingival grafts on the vertical resorption of socket walls at the premolar and molar regions over 3 months. Methods: This randomized two-arm controlled trial with parallel groups (1:1 allocation) was conducted at the Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University-Varna, Bulgaria, from 27 June 2022 to 20 April 2023. Forty patients aged 30–65 were equally and randomly allocated to the SS or the control groups. Atraumatic tooth extraction was performed. In the control group, the socket was left on secondary wound healing. In the SS group, the socket orifice was “sealed” with an FGG harvested from the hard palate or maxillary tuberosity. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that SS with an FGG is a successful method for reducing the post-extraction resorption of the socket walls. In addition, this study confirms that the thickness of the buccal wall is a significant factor in its vertical resorption. Conclusions: Socket sealing with an FGG is a valuable method that eliminates the need for flap reflection and compensates for the soft tissue deficit when immediate implant placement or bone augmentation is required. Further research is necessary to determine the role of different factors influencing bone resorption and compare the effect of different socket preservation methods
Biological Properties and Medical Applications of Carbonate Apatite: A Systematic Review
No full textBone defects represent an everyday challenge for clinicians who work in the fields of orthopedic surgery, maxillofacial and oral surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and dental implantology. Various bone substitutes have been developed and utilized, according to the needs of bone reconstructive surgery. Carbonate apatite has gained popularity in recent years, due to its excellent tissue behavior and osteoconductive potential. This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of carbonate apatite in bone reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering, analyze its advantages and limitations, and suggest further directions for research and development. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases were searched for relevant review articles, published from January 2014 to 21 July 2023. The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eighteen studies were included in the present review. The biological properties and medical applications of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) are discussed and evaluated. The majority of articles demonstrated that CO3Ap has excellent biocompatibility, resorbability, and osteoconductivity. Furthermore, it resembles bone tissue and causes minimal immunological reactions. Therefore, it may be successfully utilized in various medical applications, such as bone substitution, scaffolding, implant coating, drug delivery, and tissue engineering
Ridge Preservation Using Guided Regeneration, Free Gingival Grafts, and Platelet-rich Plasma // Ридж презервейшън с приложение на направлявана регенерация, пълнослойни гингивални трансплантати и богата на тромбоцити плазма
No full textImplant treatment in areas with reduced bone volume is extremely challenging and requires the application of various methods, especially augmentation procedures, including guided regeneration.
Despite tissue augmentation, there is also a group of methods aimed at reducing post-extraction resorption and preserving the available tissues. These include immediate and early implantation and loading, as well as ridge preservation techniques.
In the present thesis, we examined the application of guided regeneration in post-extraction sockets using non-porous polytetrafluoroethylene membranes alone and in combination with platelet-rich plasma, as well as free full-thickness gingival grafts as a method of socket sealing.
Post-extraction bone resorption may necessitate additional regenerative procedures during or before implant treatment. Ridge preservation aims to preserve the available tissue volume, avoid the need for guided bone regeneration, and facilitate prosthetic rehabilitation and prosthetic-guided implantation.Имплантологичното лечение в участъци с редуциран костен обем е изключително предизвикателство, налагащo приложението на различни методи, най-вече аугментациони процедури и в това число – направлявана регенерация.
Освен методите за увеличаване на наличния костен (и мекотъканен) обем съществува и друга група методи, насочени към ограничаване на постекстракционната резорбция и съхраняване на наличните тъкани. Тук се отнасят имедиатното и ранно имплантиране и натоварване, както и методите за ридж презервейшън.
В настоящия дисертационен труд разгледахме приложението на направляваната регенерация в постекстракционните алвеоли с помощта на непорьозни политетрафлуоретиленови мембрани самостоятелно и в комбинация с богата на тромбоцити плазма, както и на свободните пълнослойни гингивални присадки като метод за покриване на алвеолите.
Постекстракционната резорбция на костта може да наложи необходимостта от допълнителни регенеративни процедури по време или преди имплантологичното лечение. Приложенетието на ридж презервейшън цели съхраняване на наличния тъканен обем, избягване на нуждата от направлявана костна регенерация и улесняване на протетичната рехабилитация, в това число и на протетично-воденото имплантиране
Osteoporosis and oral health: a review
Full text linkIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by reduced skeletal mass and impaired bone microarchitecture, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. It mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals and usually proceeds unnoticed until the first bone fracture. This review aims to clarify the relationship between osteoporosis and oral health, identify the risks for these patients during dental treatment, and highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach between dentists and healthcare providers.Materials and Methods: An electronic search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: osteoporosis, dentistry, oral health, bisphosphonates, periodontal health, and tooth extraction. After selection and analysis of the obtained data, this review included 46 articles.Results and Discussion: There is a dynamic relationship between osteoporosis and oral health. On the one hand, the pathophysiological processes in osteoporosis have a negative impact on periodontal health and jawbone density and are associated with an increased risk of tooth loss. On the other hand, drug treatment for osteoporosis, including hormone replacement therapy and antiresorptive agents, carries significant risks when performing invasive dental procedures.Conclusion: The multifactorial nature of the relationship between osteoporosis and dental health requires a multidisciplinary approach, including close collaboration between dentists and specialists managing the systemic disease. Professional oral care is a key prerequisite for treatment success and for limiting the risks of future complications
Submandibular triangle - in normal conditions and in acute purulent inflammatory diseases
Full text linkBackground. The submandibular triangle is a small, triangular-shaped paired space in the upper third of the anterior cervical region that contains tissues and organs with vital functions. This requires a thorough understanding of their acute inflammations, which are covered in this article.Materials and methods. This is a review article based on the detailed examination and analysis of 47 scientific medical papers from prestigious publications. The purpose is to provide a detailed and systematized view of the structure of the submandibular space and its acute purulent inflammatory diseases.Discussion. The submandibular lymph nodes are the main lymphatic collectors of the head's lymph. Their non-specific purulent diseases, known as lymphogenous abscesses, are caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and require surgical and antibacterial treatment. Acute purulent sialoadenitis of the submandibular salivary gland is one of its most common pathologies and is primarily treated with medication. Cutaneous and deep neck cysts in the area can cause a submandibular abscess of non-odontogenic origin when inflamed. Purulent infections of the lodge caused by an ill tooth are referred to as odontogenic abscesses. If, along with the submandibular space, the purulent collection also involves another lodge of the floor of the oral cavity, we call it a phlegmon of the mouth floor—a serious disease that often progresses severely and protractedly and can result in a fatal outcome. In addition to non-specific markers of inflammation such as the blood concentration of leukocytes (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), and C-reactive protein (CRP), more specialized blood parameters such as procalcitonin (PCT), which has a number of advantages over them, can be used. The calculation of the delta neutrophil index (DNI) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of acute neck infections nowadays.Conclusion. Acute, purulent inflammations of this anatomical structure are highly diverse. According to their origin, they can be divided into odontogenic, lymphogenic, and non-odontogenic. Their treatment includes antibacterial therapy and an incision to evacuate the pus
Histomorphometric Analysis of Osseointegrated Intraosseous Dental Implants Using Undecalcified Specimens: A Scoping Review
No full textBone histology and histomorphometry are reliable diagnostic tools for the assessment of the bone–implant interface, material safety and biocompatibility, and tissue response. They allow for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of undecalcified bone specimens. This scoping review aims to identify the most common staining techniques, study models for in vivo experiments, and histomorphometric parameters used for quantitative bone evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the last decade. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched on 1 July 2024 for relevant articles in English, published in the last ten years, and the data were exported to an MS Excel spreadsheet. A total of 115 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. The results indicate that the most common study models are dogs, rabbits, and pigs. Some of the most frequently used methods for the assessment of the bone–implant interface are the Toluidine blue, Stevenel’s blue with Van Gieson, and Levai–Laczko stainings. The results from this study demonstrate that the most commonly used histomorphometric parameters in implant dentistry are the bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), bone area (BA), and bone density (BD). This review presents the recent trends in histomorphometric analysis of dental implants and identifies some research gaps that necessitate further research
A Modified Protocol for Staining of Undecalcified Bone Samples Using Toluidine Blue—A Histological Study in Rabbit Models
No full textUndecalcified bone histology is a valuable diagnostic method for studying bone microarchitecture and provides information on bone formation, resorption, and turnover. It has various clinical and research applications. Toluidine blue has been widely adopted as a staining technique for hard-tissue specimens. It provides a clear identification of bone structural and cellular features and the distinctions between them. Furthermore, the method allows for an excellent definition of the cement lines that mark the fields of bone remodeling. Some of the suggested and currently used processing and staining protocols are too complex and time-consuming, which necessitates their modification and/or optimization. This research aims to develop a simplified protocol for staining plastic-embedded undecalcified bone specimens with toluidine blue. The samples were obtained from the tibial bones of rabbits, and experiments with and without pre-etching were conducted. Our results demonstrated that the optimal visualization of the bone microstructure and its cellular components was achieved in the samples without acid pre-etching and dehydration after staining
Potential applications of calcium pyrophosphate for bone regenerative therapy: A systematic review
No full textCalcium phosphate bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate are among the most commonly used biomaterials in bone regenerative therapy. In search of their analogues, the potential for the use of calcium pyrophosphate in this area has been investigated
Management of postoperative edema in oral surgery
Full text linkPostoperative pain, edema, and trismus are normal sequelae after oral surgery interventions. Their manifestation depends on some individual characteristics and surgery-related factors. To reduce their extent, different medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and enzyme-based products have been used. This literature review aims to discuss the methods for postoperative edema control in oral surgery and analyze their efficiency based on the existing scientific data. An electronic search in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms (edema, oral surgery, control, and management). The results have demonstrated that the most commonly used medications were corticosteroids. They induce the synthesis of endogenous proteins that block the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2 and thus the release of arachidonic acid. This suppresses the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes, and thromboxane, responsible for inflammation and pain. However, there is some study heterogeneity regarding the most appropriate route of administration to limit postoperative edema. Further research is necessary to validate the effect of the other suggested methods for edema control, such as physical therapy, NSAIDs, enzyme products, and hyaluronic acid, as the results in the literature are not uniform
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