1,721,048 research outputs found
Pharmacologic goals in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
No full textDuring the last 30 years, a number of treatments and management algorithms have been developed and applied in the treatment of patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Painful Syndrome (IC/BPS), and many behavioral, dietary, interventional, pharmacologic and surgical therapies have been developed in the attempt to control the disease and to offer substantial benefits to the affected patients. Nevertheless, the complexity of the disease in terms of aetiology and pathogenesis still has made it difficult to induce significant and long-lasting benefits for any kind of these treatments. In addition, few well designed, randomised controlled trials have been conducted until now on different treatment modalities, and this still precludes the development of evidence-based management strategies. Indeed, the majority of pharmacological agents used to treat patients with IC/BPS are still off label. In this respect, the Interstitial Cystitis Data Base study noted >180 treatment modalities for IC/BPS, with poor results in the majority of cases [1]. To date, there is general agreement on the use of some agents, orally or intravesically administered, as indicated by the EAU guidelines on chronic pelvic pain [2] and the AUA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrom
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Time-Dependent Alterations of Select Genes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Bladder
No full textOBJECTIVES To investigate time-course changes in the expression of select genes and extracellular matrix proteins in the bladder of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes , so as to examine the mechanisms underlying changes in mechanical properties of the bladder due to diabetic cystopathy. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Rats that were fed with 5% sucrose in drinking water served as diuretic controls, in addition to normal control rats. At the end of 2, 4, and 8 weeks, total ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolated from the detrusor layer of the bladders was reverse transcribed, and then complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was amplified with polymerase chain reaction primer sets for type I Collagen, type III Collagen, tropoelastin, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta-1). Collagen and elastin contents of the bladders were quantified with commercially available assays. RESULTS Both diabetic and diuretic rat bladders exhibited significantly (P <0.05) lower expression of type I Collagen and TGF-beta-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compared with normal controls at all time points tested. In contrast, downregulation of type III Collagen mRNA expression in both diabetic and diuretic groups was seen at 4 and 8 weeks. Furthermore, tropoelastin mRNA expression in the diabetic rat bladders was , compared with normal and diuretic rats, significantly (P <0.05) greater at 2 weeks. Both diabetic and diuretic rat bladders exhibited significantly (P <0.05) decreased Collagen and increased elastin protein content at 2 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that increases in compliance of the bladders in diabetic cystopathy result not only from diuresis-driven reduction of Collagen synthesis but also from increased elastin synthesis
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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