1,721,010 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textThis book explores the dual nature of entrepreneurship, revealing how it can either drive economic advancement or perpetuate harm, largely influenced by institutional contexts. Leveraging Baumol’s (1990) framework that differentiates between productive, unproductive, and destructive entrepreneurship, we focus our analysis on emerging markets that struggle with institutional voids—characterized by weak regulations, pervasive corruption, and substantial informal sectors—that encourage rent-seeking behaviors. In contrast to advanced economies, where insti-tutional mechanisms can mitigate short-term harms, weaker institutions in emerging markets exacerbate the prevalence of destructive entrepreneurship. This perpetuates a cycle of unproductive resource allocation, heightening inequality, market distortions, and systemic inefficiencies. Employing qualitative and econometric methodologies, the chapters unpack various drivers of harmful entrepreneurship, including survival-driven informality, gaps in education, hierarchical networks, and governance failures. By addressing a critical gap in the existing literature, this volume highlights how institutional deficiencies shape entrepreneurial outcomes in emerging economies, revealing diverse factors and their implications across different contexts. Further-more, by illuminating the complex interplay between institutional environments and entrepreneurial behavior, the book offers actionable insights for policymakers and scholars. These insights can help realign incentives towards productive ventures, ultimately fostering equitable and sustainable development in resource-constrained settings.</p
The Role of Innovation and Competitive Pressure: A Case Study of Czech and Slovak Firms
Full text linkTato práce zkoumá prostřednictvím empirické analýzy roli hospodářské soutěže a inovací pro výkonnost podniku, a to zejména během finančních krizí. Práce nejprve hodnotí literaturu vztahující se k hospodářské soutěži, inovacím a finanční krizi. Dále přináší kontext historického dědictví, který sdílejí transformující se ekonomiky ve střední Evropě a jak toto dědictví vedlo k nedostatečně konkurečnímu (aby byly schopné pracovat co nejefektivněji) a inovačnímu prostředí pro firmy (vývoj nových produktů). Práce charakterizuje podobnosti a rozdíly mezi ekonomikami v České republice a na Slovensku (které mají společnou historii více než sedmdesáti let v Československu) v období tranzice a finanční krize 2009 s přihlédnutím k faktorům, které mají vliv na utváření konkurenceschopného a inovativního prostředí v každé zemi. Použitím průřezové regresní analýzy a porovnávání výsledků českých a slovenských firem tato práce potvrzuje pozitivní vliv inovací a hospodářské soutěže. Regrese používá dvě proměnné pro jednotlivé typy hospodářské soutěže - jednu označující zahraniční a druhou pro domácí tlak na firmy. V obou typech firem působí jako pozitivní vliv zahraničního konkurenčního tlaku na rozvoj nových produktů v rámci zvýšení celkové výkonnosti podniku (kterou v této analyze představuje prodejní potenciál...This thesis examines the role of competition and innovation for firm performance, particularly during financial crises, through empirical analysis. The thesis first reviews the literature related to competition, innovation and financial crises. It next provides context of the economic legacies the transition economies in Central Europe have shared and how these legacies meant a lack of an environment for competitive firms (to operate most efficiently) and innovation (defined as new product development). Similarities and differences between the economies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia (which have a shared history over seventy years as Czechoslovakia) during the transition period and leading up to the 2009 financial crisis are reviewed, with attention to factors affecting the competitive and innovative environment in each country. Using cross-sectional regression analysis and comparing results for Czech and Slovak firms, this thesis confirms the positive influence of innovation and competition. Two variables for competition types are used in the regression - one for foreign pressure and one for domestic pressure. Both sets of firms indicate a positive influence of foreign competitive pressure to develop new products on firm performance (which is represented by firm sales in this analysis),...Katedra ruských a východoevropských studiíDepartment of Russian and East European StudiesFaculty of Social SciencesFakulta sociálních vě
The Role of Innovation and Competitive Pressure: A Case Study of Czech and Slovak Firms
No full textThis thesis examines the role of competition and innovation for firm performance, particularly during financial crises, through empirical analysis. The thesis first reviews the literature related to competition, innovation and financial crises. It next provides context of the economic legacies the transition economies in Central Europe have shared and how these legacies meant a lack of an environment for competitive firms (to operate most efficiently) and innovation (defined as new product development). Similarities and differences between the economies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia (which have a shared history over seventy years as Czechoslovakia) during the transition period and leading up to the 2009 financial crisis are reviewed, with attention to factors affecting the competitive and innovative environment in each country. Using cross-sectional regression analysis and comparing results for Czech and Slovak firms, this thesis confirms the positive influence of innovation and competition. Two variables for competition types are used in the regression - one for foreign pressure and one for domestic pressure. Both sets of firms indicate a positive influence of foreign competitive pressure to develop new products on firm performance (which is represented by firm sales in this analysis),..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chapter 12. The destructive impact of business-related terrorism on start-up rates
No full textThis chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of business-related terrorism on entrepreneurial rates, offering a novel perspective that extends beyond the widely studied impact of terrorism on economic growth. Recognising the potential for terrorism to adversely affect rates of new business creation, this research rigorously examines the correlation between business-related terrorism and entrepreneurial activities on a global scale. Utilising the data derived from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), the study scrutinises the impact of business-related terrorist incidents on business formation across 120 countries spanning from 2006 to 2018. The findings reveal a compelling negative correlation between business-related terrorism attacks and the rate of new business creation, highlighting the exception of developed countries, which appears statistically insignificant in this context. The research further dissects the sample countries into various categories based on their development status, revealing that fragile nations suffer most significantly in terms of business formation due to terrorist incidents. This exploration serves to illuminate the crucial, yet often overlooked, destructive influence of terrorism on entrepreneurial activities and business density, particularly focusing on business-related terror attacks, thereby offering valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and business leaders globally
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Destructive Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets:Causes and Consequences
No full textThe book investigates the intricate world of entrepreneurship, examining its dual nature as a force for constructive societal change as well as a potential source of destructive consequences. To examine these two facets in detail, the book scrutinizes the interplay between individual actions and institutional frameworks, showing how entrepreneurship can drive economic and social progress or hinder it through rent-seeking behaviors and exploitation of institutional gaps. By analyzing various settings, from capitalist to state-controlled economies, the book highlights the role of the 'rules of the game' in determining whether entrepreneurial activities contribute positively to society or perpetuate inequality and inefficiency. As such, in the context of emerging markets, this book addresses the question of when are entrepreneurial activities constructive and when are they destructive? Through a nuanced examination of diverse economic settings and institutional environments, the book illuminates how entrepreneurship can foster innovation and social value while also perpetuating corruption and inefficiency. By integrating theoretical frameworks with empirical evidence, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing both productive and destructive entrepreneurial behaviors. The aim is to deepen readers' understanding of how entrepreneurship interacts with various contexts and to advocate for ethical and socially responsible practices, ultimately inviting contemplation on the challenges and opportunities that arise in the evolving landscape of entrepreneurship. As such, this book is a valuable resource for scholars studying these phenomena but also practitioners, and policymakers alike.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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