1,721,024 research outputs found
An intelligent agents-based virtually defaultless check system: The SafeCheck system
No full textThe conventional system of paper checkbooks with multiple checks carries a significant risk of default because no form of authorization is required when individual checks are written, although implicitly each checkbook is authorized when it is issued to the payer. Nonetheless, checks are a less expensive payment method than credit cards, so they ore suitable for a high-credit business environment. To make up for the defect in the paper check system, whereby checks likely to default con be issued without authorization, the authors have devised an agent-based electronic check system known as SafeCheck that can monitor the situation and block the issuance of nonallowable checks in a distributed manner. Three types of service ore allowed, depending upon the check issuer's credibility. Members of the top credit class require authorization only for each checkbook. Members of the second-level credit class require authorization for each check. Members of the third-level credit class ore allowed to issue checks only within their checking account balance. The bank can dynamically adjust the credit level depending upon the record of defaults. The SafeCheck System consists of three agents: Checkbook Agent at the check issuer's site, Check-Receipt Agent at the check receiver's site, and the bank's Control Agents at the check issuer's and receiver's banks respectively. For security purposes, SafeCheck has public key cryptography, digital signatures, and certificate schemes like those of the SET protocol for credit cords. The essence of a checkbook agent can be stored in the IC card
Text-independent speaker identification using soft channel selection in home robot environments
Full text linkWith the aim of achieving the best possible speaker identification rate in a distant-talking environment, we developed a multiple microphone-based text-independent speaker identification system using soft channel selection. The system selects and combines the identification results based on the reliability of an individual channel result using a single perceptron. Thus, it allows for user-customized service with high identification accuracy in home robot environments. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed system is effective in a distant-talking environment, thereby providing a speech interface for a wide range of potential hands-free applications in a ubiquitous environment.(1)
Simulation of optical constants range of high-transmittance attenuated phase-shifting masks used in KrF laser and ArF laser
No full textPhase-shifting masks (PSMs) have provided us a breakthrough in the future semiconductor industry by extending lithography further to the submicrometer order. PSMs have been used over the past several years, and their requirements have changed due to the development of semiconductor technology. We investigated high-transmittance attenuated PSMs (HT-Att-PSMs) that satisfy the requirements of 20 +/- 5% transmittance and 180 degrees phase shift at the exposure wavelength and less than 40% transmittance at the inspection wavelength. Regarding the wavelength, we targeted the inspection wavelength of 248 nm for ArF laser (exposure wavelength of 193 nm) HT-Att-PSM, and 365 nm for KrF laser (exposure wavelength of 248 nm) HT-Att-PSM. In this study, we developed refractive index-extinction coefficient-thickness (n-k-d) charts showing optimum optical constant ranges for HT-Att-PSM using the matrix method. The simulation was verified by comparing calculated transmittance data with measured ones
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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