1,720,966 research outputs found
Electrochemical characteristics of a carbon-based thick-film L-lactate biosensor using L-lactate dehydrogenase
No full textCarbon-based thick-film electrodes employing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent dehydrogenases were constructed by screen printing. Cyclic voltammetric and amperometric investigations of the thick-film electrode showed significantly different electrocatalytic properties toward NADH compared to conventional polished electrodes. Electrochemical oxidation of NADH was attained at the low potential of +350 mV vs. Ag/AgCl at the thick-him carbon electrode, and this can be attributed to increased electrocatalytic sites due to the rough and jagged electrode surface and the formation of a microelectrode array-like structure at the electrode surface. Based on these observations, a thick-him lactate biosensor using lactate dehydrogenase was developed. Analytical performance of the resulting lactate biosensor was evaluated in terms of sensitivity and stability
Functionalization of a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer with ferrocenyls and its application to the construction of a reagentless enzyme electrode
No full textPoly(amidoamine) dendrimers having various degrees of modification with the redox-active ferrocenyls were prepared by controlling the molar ratio of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde to amine groups of dendrimers, By alternate layer-by layer depositions of partial ferrocenyl-tethered dendrimers (Fc-D) with periodate-oxidized glucose oxidase (GOx) on a Au surface, an electrochemically and enzymatically active multilayered assembly of enzyme was constructed. The resulting GOx/Fc-D multilayer-associated electrodes were electrochemically analyzed, and the surface concentration of ferrocenyl groups, active enzyme coverage, and sensitivity were estimated. A 32% dendrimer modification level of surface amines to ferrocenyls was found to be an optimum in terms of enzyme-dendrimer network formation, electrochemical interconnectivity of ferrocenyls, and electrode sensitivity. With the prepared Fc(32%)-tethered dendrimers, mono- and multilayered GOx/Fc-D electrodes were constructed, and their electrochemical and catalytic properties were characterized. The bioelectrocatalytic signals from the multilayered GOx/Fc-D electrodes were shown to be directly correlated to the number of deposited bilayers. From this result, it seems that the electrode sensitivity is directly controllable, and the multilayer-forming strategy with partial ferrocenyl-tethered dendrimers is useful for the construction of reagentless biosensors
Reversible association/dissociation reaction of avidin on the dendrimer monolayer functionalized with a biotin analogue for a regenerable affinity-sensing surface
No full textAnew approach to a repeatedly regenerable affinity-sensing surface was developed based on the reversible association/dissociation reactions between avidin and biotin analogues. For the affinity surface, a fourth generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer monolayer was first constructed on the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid self-assembled monolayer on gold. The dendritic surface amine groups then were functionalized with biotin analogues, desthiobiotin (1), or newly synthesized desthiobiotin amidocaproate (2), an extended form of 1, which shows lower affinity toward avidin. To test the association/dissociation reaction cycles at the affinity surface, avidin adlayer was formed onto the biotin analogue functionalized surface and displaced with free biotin. To trace the stepwise reactions, biotinylated glucose oxidase (b-GOx) as a model enzyme was loaded onto the affinity surface, and cyclic voltammetric measurements were performed by registering the activity of the associated b-GOx. The efficient association/dissociation reaction cycles were registered, especially for the a-modified electrodes, implying steric hindrance from the ligand length for biospecific interaction. With the optimized affinity-surface construction steps and reaction conditions, continuous association/dissociation reaction cycles were achieved, resulting in a regenerable affinity surface
Protein-ligand interactions at poly(amidoamine) dendrimer monolayers on gold
No full textAvidin-biotin interactions as a typical protein-ligand model were investigated on the monolayers of a fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer that were constructed on the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) on gold. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopic analysis revealed a resonance angle shift of 0.34degrees +/- 0.03degrees for the formation of dendrimer monolayers on reactive SAMs, which indicates that about 89% of the gold surface is covered with dendrimer molecules. The dendrimer monolayers were functionalized with biotin, and the efficacy of dendrimer monolayers as a biomolecular interface was evaluated in terms of the surface density of biotin ligands and the avidin binding level. For comparisons, the mixed SAMs and polymeric layers of poly-I.-lysine (PLL) on MUA SAMs were prepared and examined by a similar procedure. The specific binding of avidin to the biotinylated dendrimer monolayers, approached a surface density of 5.0 +/- 0.2 ng(.)mm(-2), which corresponds to about 88% surface coverage by avidin, showing a much higher level than those from mixed SAMs (2.3 +/- 0.1 ng(.)mm(-2)) and PLL layers (3.2 +/- 0.2 ng(.)mm(-2)). Interestingly, the fully biotinylated dendrimer monolayers gave rise to efficient avidin-biotin interactions, resulting in about 80% of the maximum avidin binding level, even under the condition that a serious steric hindrance would occur due to densely packed biotin ligands. These results strongly imply that efficient avidin-biotin interaction originates from a structural feature of dendrimer monolayers such as a surface exposure of derivatized biotin ligands and a corrugated surface
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Understanding optical characteristics of a cholesteric liquid crystal polarizer through computational simulation
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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