1,720,996 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A genome-wide library of TAL effector nucleases
Get PDF학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 화학부(생화학전공), 2014. 2. 김진수.Transcription activator–like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) are newly developed programmable nucleases which use a simple protein–DNA code that relates modular DNA-binding TALE repeat domains to individual bases in a target binding site. Unlike homing endonucleases and zinc figer nucleases (ZFNs), they can be readily engineered to bind specific genomic loci, enabling the introduction of precise genetic modifications such as gene disruptions, additions, corrections and genome rearrangements. In this thesis, I developed improved TALEN architectures to avoid unwanted mutations in genome. Then, I carefully chose genome-wide TALEN target sites that did not have highly similar sequences elsewhere in the genome and assembled TALEN pairs using high throughput Golden Gate cloning system. A pilot test including over a hundred pairs of TALENs showed that all TALENs were active and disrupted their target genes at high frequencies, although two of these TALENs became active only after their target sites were partially demethylated using a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. I used the TALEN library to generate single- and double-gene knockout cells in which NF-kB signaling pathways were disrupted. Compared with cells treated with short interfering RNAs (siRNA), these cells showed unambiguous suppression of the signal transduction. Furthermore, I developed the TALEN library for targeting every exon in protein coding genes of several organisms including human. The TALEN library reported here will be broadly useful for research and drug discovery.Abstract i
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures v
List of Tables viii
List of Abbreviations ix
I. Introduction 1
II. Materials and Methods
1. Dual fluorescent reporter plasmid construction 4
2. Cell culture and transfection 4
3. High-throughput assembly of TALENs 4
4. Flow cytometry 6
5. T7E1 assay for mutation detection 6
6. PCR analysis to detect genomic mutations
and sequencing 7
7. Analysis and rescue of genome-inactive TALENs 8
8. Digital PCR to estimate mutation frequency 8
9. Gene-knockout cell lines 8
10. Fluorescent PCR analysis 9
11. Episomal reporter assay to detect NF-κB signaling 9
12. Western blotting 10
III. Results
A. Optimization of TAL Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
1. Dual fluorescent reporter system 11
2. Design of prototype TALENs 15
B. Human genome-wide TALEN library
1. One-step Golden-Gate cloning system 18
2. Design of human genome-wide TALENs 29
3. TALEN-mediated genome editing activity 36
4. Rescue of inactive TALENs 46
5. Undetectable off-target mutations 52
6. TALEN induced genome rearrangement 56
C. TALEN-mediated knockout cell lines
1. Establishment of knockout cell lines for NF-κB
pathway study 63
2. Episomal reporter assay 73
D. Expansion of TALEN library
1. Design of expanded TALEN library 84
2. TALEN library for several organisms 91
E. Comparison of ZFNs and TALENs 96
IV. Discussion 105
V. Appendix
1. List of TALEN activity in reporter assay 110
2. List of TALEN activity in the T7E1 assay 120
VI. References 123
Abstract in Korean 136Docto
Effect of intermixing on Gilbert damping constant in NM/FM/NM trilayers (NM=Pt, FM=NiFe)
Get PDF학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 재료공학부, 2018. 8. 김상국.길버트 감쇠 상수는 자화의 동적 거동 경향을 나타내는 상수로 STT-MRAM동작에 있어 매우 중요한 물리적 상수다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 이상적 계면을 가정하여 실제 다층박막구조에서 길버트 감쇠 상수에 대한 계면의 영향을 배제한다. 따라서 본 연구는 열풀림 온도를 변화시키며 인터믹싱을 통한 계면의 변화를 야기하고 이에 따른 길버트 감쇠 상수 변화를 보았다.
600 – 800 K 에서 30분간 열풀림한 샘플에 대해 구조분석, 길버트 감쇠 상수 변화를 보았고, 열풀림 온도가 높은 샘플일수록 길버트 감쇠 상수도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 600 K 열풀림 샘플까지는 스핀 펌핑 현상과 계면의 효과가 상쇄되어 댐핑의 변화가 없었으나 700 K 이후에는 차츰 증가하기 시작했다. 이는 퍼말로이의 비정질 상전이 및 비자성 상(NiPt3)이 형성되었기 때문으로 보인다. 800 K 에서는 길버트 감쇠 상수의 급격한 증가를 보였다. 800 K 이상에서는 다양한 화합물(NiPt, FePt, Ni3Pt, Fe3Pt)이 형성 될 수 있으며 이로 인해 길버트 감쇠 상수가 급격히 증가한 것으로 사료된다.목 차
초록 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
목차 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
그림 목차 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
표 목차 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1장. 서론 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 . 스핀 전달 토크 MRAM (STT-MRAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2. 자기 감쇠 (Magnetization damping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2장. 연구 배경 이론 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1. 자화 (Magnetization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.1. 자기 모멘트 (Magnetic moment). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2. 자기 감수율 (Magnetic susceptibility). . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2. 자화의 에너지 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3. 강자성 공명 (Ferromagnetic Resonance, FMR) . . . . . . . . 15
2.4. 자화의 동적 거동 (LLG 방정식) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.5. 길버트 감쇠 상수 (Gilbert damping constant) . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.1. 감쇠 메커니즘 (damping mechanism) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6. 원자의 확산 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6.1. 확산 메커니즘 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3장. 실험 배경 이론 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.1. DC Magnetron Sputtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2. X-선 회절(X-ray diffraction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.3. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.4. VNA-FMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.4.1. The Telegraphers Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.4.2. Scattering parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.4.3. VNA(Vector Network Analyzer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4장. 시편 제작 및 실험 과정 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.1. 시편 준비 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.2. 열풀림 (Annealing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.3. 측정 (Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5장. 결정 구조와 길버트 감쇠 상수 측정 결과 및 고찰 . . . . . . 52
5.1. 구조적 변화. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.2. 자기적 특성 및 FMR linewidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.3. 고찰 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6장. 결 론 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
참고 문헌 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Maste
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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