130,426 research outputs found
Risk of sudden cardiac death in a case of spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting with thyroid storm
No full textOBJECTIVE: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a spontaneous separation of the coronary artery wall whose etiology appears to be poorly understood. SCAD is a rare cause of acute coronary syndromes, and it is a life-threatening condition.CASE REPORT: We report the case of a young woman who developed SCAD during a thyroid storm (TS).RESULTS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SCAD during a TS. and it suggests a possible association between high levels of circulating thyroid hormones and SCAD susceptibility.CONCLUSIONS: Early identification of SCAD predisposing factors is important to identify high-risk patients. In patients presenting to the emergency department because of chest pain with a history of dysthyroidism, early determination of thyroid hormones and troponin could prevent certain forms of sudden cardiac death
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The emergence of interpersonal and social trust in online interactions
No full textMy PhD work is in the area of extracting and modelling user-created data on the web. In particular, I focussed on locating and extracting user data that ’signals’ the evolution of human, 1-on-1 interactions between participants of large social networks who are forever stranger to each other.
The booming of ”Online Social Networks” created an opportunity for social scientists to study social phenomena at a scale unseen before. The vast amount of information combined with computer science techniques led to significant developments in a relatively new field: Computational Social Science. Furthermore, in recent years the Gig Economy and mass adoption of ”business sharing” sites such as Airbnb, Uber, or JustEat drove a new wave of computational social science research into reviews, feedback, and recommendations.
All these ingredients of the larger Social Trust have been vastly discussed in the literature, in both the social aspect and computational models of trust. However, some fundamental gaps remain, and there is often confusion about when trust is being expressed and how reviews (or recommendations) relate to social trust. Additionally, the computational trust models found in the literature tend to either be entirely theoretical or focused on a specific data set, thus lacking universal applicability. The latter problem, I believe, was due to a lack of data available to researchers in the early stages of the web. Today, the broader Online Social Networks have matured and consolidated mechanisms for allowing access to data. Access to information is rarely trivial for more specialised and smaller online communities. Yet smaller, focussed platforms are precisely where social trust and interactions could be observed (or not observed) and perhaps acquire a meaning that approaches the social trust social scientists see in in-person interactions. To address this gap, we initially propose and discuss the following research question:
”Is there a meeting point between online interactions and social trust so that the core components of trust are retained? ” We addressed this general open question by working on a computational architecture for data retrieval in social media platforms that can be suitably generalised and re-applied to different platforms. Lastly, as we enjoy the luxury of vast amounts of data that closely represent interpersonal and social trust, we addressed the question of ”what models of trust emerge from data” and ”how do existing models of trust perform with the data available”.
I have defined a category of online social networks that retains the core components of social trust, which we call ”Online Social Networks of Needs.” Hence, I have a classification and categorisation mechanism for grouping online social networks of needs by the level of trust necessary for cooperation (aka. the cooperation threshold) and interactions to be triggered among participating cognitive agents. My focus has always been on data acquisition, and I have designed and implemented a system for data retrieval that is easily deployed to social media/social web platforms. A case study of such a system performing in a challenging scenario is further detailed to show the more extensive applicability of such a system for data retrieval and contribution to a scenario of complete distrust, anonymity, and ephemerality of data (such as 4chan.org). Further, studying the granularity of 4Chan data, we discovered that:
1. ephemerality is not sustained, and web archiving sites have a complete view of the ephemeral data [1],
2. we can track sentiment and topic modelling of moderation in 4chan [2], and
3. it is possible to have a live view of the topics and sentiment being discussed in the live board and see how these changes over time
We studied the dynamics of high trust interactions [3] and found gender biases [4,5] in care interactions.
Another topic related to trust but concerning institutions and media is the ’spillover’ effect between 4Chan and the traditional media. As a premise, 4chan anonymous threads have anticipated important global trends, notably the ”Anonymous” movement. Apart from the US, how do national topics interact with the essentially global discussion that is taking place there? Again, thanks to our extensive data collection/analysis, we sought to determine the level of participation from a selected non-US country, Norway, and the degree to which Norwegian 4chan /pol/ users and domestic news influence each other [6]. We continued the journey by collecting data from eight social networks of needs into the top two high trust demanding categories. Whilst these datasets are made available to researchers [7], we further study emerging networks and their properties and project the online social networks of needs into multiplex graphs by transforming the root links. Finally, we look into the applicability and predictive power of the non-reductionist model of trust proposed by Castelfranchi. We look at total social trust holistically and consider signals to evaluate fluctuations of the social capital influenced by economic and political dynamics and domination of the public discord by conspiracy theories.
Summary of contributions
1. the first comprehensive real-time scrape of 4Chan (in literature, only post hoc
solutions were available);
2. the application of Castelfranchi’s theoretical model of trust to actual data from
online social networks;
3. one of the first studies on the relationship between the institutional (nationwide)
press and extremisms on 4Chan;
4. the study of the application of predictive models to heterogeneous multi-source
data (not user-created but not very trustable either), and
5. contributing live data scraping expertise into several other publications [8] [9].
Publications
[1] Ylli Prifti, Iacopo Pozzana, and Alessandro Provetti. Live monitoring 4chan
discussion threads. In 7th Int’l Conference on Computational Social Science, 2021.
[2] Y. Prifti I. Pozzana and A. Provetti. On-line page scraping reveals evidence of moderation
in 4chan/pol/ anonymous discussion threads. In Proc. of 3rd European Symposium
on Societal Challenges in Computational Social Science. ETH Press, 2019.
[3] Y. Prifti P. De Meo, I. Pozzana and A. Provetti. The dynamics of recommendation
in high-trust personal care services. In 5th Int’l Conference on Computational
Social Science (IC2S2), 2019.
[4] Y. Prifti P. DeMeo, I. Pozzana and A. Provetti. Finding gender bias in web-based,
high-trust interactions. In Proc. of 2nd European Symposium on Societal
Challenges in Computational Social Science, GeWISS reports, 2018.
[5] Y. Prifti P. De Meo, I. Pozzana and A. Provetti. Gender bias in web-based,
high-trust interactions. In 5th Int’l Conference on Computational Social Science
(IC2S2), 2019.
[6] Alessandro Provetti Iacopo Pozzana, Ylli Prifti and Anders Seyersted Sandbu.
Mapping the norwegian 4chan: How conspiracy theories travel the language
barriers. In 7th Int’l Conference on Computational Social Science (IC2S2), 2021.
[7] Ylli Prifti. 4chan /pol board as a temporary evolution of live threads and posts.,
July 2021.
[8] Paschalis Lagias, George D. Magoulas, Ylli Prifti, and Alessandro Provetti.
Predicting seriousness of injury in a traffic accident: A new imbalanced dataset and benchmark. In Lazaros Iliadis, Chrisina Jayne, Anastasios Tefas, and
Elias Pimenidis, editors, Engineering Applications of Neural Networks - 23rd
International Conference, EAAAI/EANN 2022, Chersonissos, Crete, Greece, June
17-20, 2022, Proceedings, volume 1600 of Communications
[9] Andrea Ballatore, A. Pang, Iacopo Pozzana, Ylli Prifti, and Alessandro Provetti.
Geo-referencing as a connector between user reviews and urban environment
quality. In 5th Int’l Conference on Computational Social Science, 2019
Effect of the GSTM1 gene deletion on glycemic variability, sympatho-vagal balance and arterial stiffness in patients with metabolic syndrome, but without diabetes
No full textAn increased rate of cerebrovascular complications in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been reported. Previous studies demonstrated an association between glycemic variability (GV) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CRV) in MetS, thus suggesting a putative role of GV on cerebrovascular events. Although the pathophysiological mechanism linking GV to damage is still to be elucidated, evidence suggests oxidative stress plays a crucial role. Since functional variants in glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes modulate the cellular detoxification processes, the aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of GSTs in MetS and investigating the correlation with GV, arterial stiffness, and sympatho-vagal (SV) balance
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Glycemic emergencies in Albania: glycated hemoglobin as a predictor of length of hospital stay
No full text
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Aktiebolagets rättskapacitet och parthabilitet före och efter upplösningen
No full textSom huvudregel gäller det att aktiebolaget ska föras in i aktiebolagsregistret för att bli juridisk person och förvärva fullt rättskapacitet och partshabilitet. Före registreringen kan ställföreträdarna inte ingå avtal med tredje man utan att undgå personligt ansvar för uppkomna förpliktelser. Innan registreringen sker blir inte bara den som beslutat men även de som deltagit i beslutet eller åtgärden som ådrar sig ansvar. Om tredje man ingår avtal med bolaget före registreringen kan denne träda ifrån avtalet under förutsättningen att han var i god tro annars är han bundet av avtalet om bolaget bildas i enlighet med reglerna i aktiebolagslagen. Efter registreringen ansvarar aktiebolaget ensam för uppkommande förpliktelser och bara i undantagsfall kan bolagets ställföreträdare ådra sig personligt ansvar för dess skulder.
Ett aktiebolag förlorar sin rättskapacitet och partshabilitet i och med upplösningen vilket medför att under upplösningsförfarandet kvarstår aktiebolaget som rättssubjekt med bibehållen rättskapacitet. Under upplösningen begränsas aktiebolagets rättskapacitet på så sätt att alla vidtagna åtgärder måste vara ett steg i aktiebolagets avveckling.
Även efter upplösningen finns det fortfarande möjlighet för aktiebolaget att återuppstå som rättssubjekt. Så är fallet t.ex. om aktiebolaget försätts i konkurs och konkursen avslutas utan överskott men det finns fortfarande tillgångar som inte omfattas av konkursen. Då kan en allmän domstol på ansökan av tredje man besluta att bolaget ska träda i likvidation. Detta medför att aktiebolaget har samma rättskapacitet och partshabilitet som under likvidationsförfarandet. En annan möjlighet för aktiebolaget att återuppta sin rättskapacitet är när konkursen avslutas med överskott eller läggs ned efter frivilligt uppgörelse. Det är domstolen som i sådana fall ska besluta om likvidatio
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