169 research outputs found
The Dunhuang Manuscript Version of a Synopsis of the Yu zhu jinggang bore jing xuan yan and Its Author
No full text110009359848The present paper investigates a synoptic text, surviving only in Dunhuang manuscript fragments (Stein Nos 8044, 8166, and 9723 衾all part of the same scroll), dealing with the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan御註金剛般若經宣演, the work of Daoyin 道氤(668-740), a scholar-monk active during the Kaiyuan開元era.My examination of the content and form of the extant fragments leads me to conclude that this must be a synopsis compiled on the basis of the Jingang ying, a commentary to the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan. We know from Yitianʼs 義天Xin bian zhu zong jiao zang zong lu 新編諸宗教藏總録that a synoptic text called Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan ke 御註金剛般若經宣演科, in two scrolls, was composed by Quanming 詮明, a scholar-monk who lived under the Liao 遼Dynasty. The text, however, has not been indentified so far. My investigation raises the possibility that the author of the above Dunhuang manuscript fragments might be no other than Quanming. These materials thus become very important sources not only for our understanding of the influence exerted by the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan ke and the Jingang ying on later Chinese Buddhism but also for the study of Quanmingʼs work and thought.departmental bulletin pape
敦煌寫本『御註金剛般若經宣演』の科段文獻及びその作者
No full text110009359848The present paper investigates a synoptic text, surviving only in Dunhuang manuscript fragments (Stein Nos 8044, 8166, and 9723 衾all part of the same scroll), dealing with the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan御註金剛般若經宣演, the work of Daoyin 道氤(668-740), a scholar-monk active during the Kaiyuan開元era.My examination of the content and form of the extant fragments leads me to conclude that this must be a synopsis compiled on the basis of the Jingang ying, a commentary to the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan. We know from Yitianʼs 義天Xin bian zhu zong jiao zang zong lu 新編諸宗教藏總録that a synoptic text called Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan ke 御註金剛般若經宣演科, in two scrolls, was composed by Quanming 詮明, a scholar-monk who lived under the Liao 遼Dynasty. The text, however, has not been indentified so far. My investigation raises the possibility that the author of the above Dunhuang manuscript fragments might be no other than Quanming. These materials thus become very important sources not only for our understanding of the influence exerted by the Yu zhu jingang bore jing xuan yan ke and the Jingang ying on later Chinese Buddhism but also for the study of Quanmingʼs work and thought
Guan yu jiao ti li zi dian xuan zhuan ji you xiao re dao lu de li lun yan jiu
No full textPh.D.The electrorotation and effective thermal conductivity of colloidal particles are investigated.For dielectric particles with small conductivity, the electrorotation can be spontaneous when the relaxation time of the impurity is greater than the one of host medium. Traditionally, the discussion of electrorotation is limited to dipole or quadrupole approximations. Here, we present a formalism beyond this limitation, and illustrate the rotation effects on the inter-particle force.The relation between thermal conductivity and temperature is often well approximated by a power law, which resembles the nonlinear response in optics. When forming a composite with other material of linear thermal conductivity, the nonlinearity does not necessarily decrease, although the nonlinear medium is diluted. It is demonstrated with effective medium theory and perturbative methods, that nonlinearity enhancement occurs when the host medium is nonlinear, and the conductivities of the compositions satisfy a critical ratio.本文研究了膠體粒子的電旋轉特性和有效熱導率。對於帶有微弱導電率的介電粒子，當其極化的弛豫時間大於其所在媒介的弛豫時間，其電旋轉可以是自發的。關於電旋轉的一般討論主要運用了偶極矩和四極矩的近似方法。本文給出了不局限於一階和二階近似的公式，並以此對粒子間相互作用力做了討論。熱導率和溫度的關係常常滿足冪函數的形式，類似於光學中的非線性效應。當非線性材料加入到線性材料中形成混合物時，混合物的非線性響應不一定是減少的。若非線性材料是主媒介，且線性熱導率滿足一定比例時，其非線性效應可以增強。Deng, Naijing = 關於膠體粒子電旋轉及有效熱導率的理論研究 / 鄧乃經.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-97).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on November 4, 2021).Deng, Naijing = Guan yu jiao ti li zi dian xuan zhuan ji you xiao re dao lu de li lun yan jiu / Deng Naijing
Zhongguo gan bu jiao liu zhi du yu di fang guan yuan xuan ba
No full text本文从选拔者和候选人两个角度来分析中国的官员选拔。对选拔者而言，能力和忠诚是提拔下级官员最重要的两个因素。提拔有能力的官员有利于政治制度的运行。本文发现原本旨在遏制地方主义的交流制度却使得上级在选拔下级官员时牺牲能力换取忠诚。外来领导比本地领导会提拔更多的干部，而其在提拔时对官员能力的要求更低。外来领导在本地缺乏政治同盟，因而会提拔一些能力并不出众的官员来赢取他们的忠诚。而这就反映出能力和忠诚这两个因素在官员选拔中是一种替代关系。在候选人方面，他们尽管有很强的晋升激励，但仍然会采取隐蔽行为。通过对地市财政支出的研究，本文认为作为候选人的地市级官员并不会一直致力于经济发展，而是会采取选择性行为。他们会根据晋升空间的大小来调整自己的努力程度。利用 58 岁及以上的省委常委和副省长人数作为地市级官员晋升空间大小的替代变量，本文发现这一人数的增加会使得地市级政府的财政支出增加。上级领导在提拔地市级官员时更看重官员当期表现而非其任内平均表现，这就使得理性的官员会在其认为更有可能被提拔的时期努力发展经济，以此更有效地向上级展示其能力。This dissertation examines political selection in China from the perspectives of selectors and selectees. For selectors, competence and loyalty are two most important factors in selecting subordinates. Appointing competent officials is crucial to make polity work. In this dissertation, I show that the rotation institution set to curb localism induces the selectors to trade competence for loyalty. I find nonlocal provincial leaders promote more prefecture leaders with relatively lower expectation on competence than local provincial leaders do. Rotated leaders lack local political allies so they will promote incompetent subordinates to win their loyalty. And this demonstrates that the relationship between competence and loyalty in political selection is substitutive. From the perspective of selectees, those subordinates have promotion-based incentives to improve their performance, but they still take strategic actions. By investigating fiscal expenditure at the prefecture level, I argue that prefecture leaders as the selectees do not always concentrate on economic development but adjust their actions according to perceived opportunities for promotion. I use the number of members in provincial party standing committees and vice governors whose ages are not less than 58 as an indicator of promotion opportunity and find that the increase in this number leads prefecture governments to spend more money. The selectors promote selectees based on their current performance but not average performance during their whole tenure, therefore it is rational for the selectees to signal their competence to their selectors when they perceive high possibility of promotion.曾瑜.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Ceng yu.Detailed summary in vernacular field only
Correction: Corrigendum: Systemic regulation of L-carnitine in nutritional metabolism in zebrafish, Danio rerio
No full textScientific Reports 7: Article number: 40815; published online: 19 January 2017; updated: 23 March 2017 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Xuan Qin, which was incorrectly given as Xun Qin. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Yong yu tan ce dan dian zi zi xuan de dian zi zi xuan gong zhen sao miao sui dao xian wei jing de yan zhi
No full textPh.D.The detection and manipulation of single electron spins is fundamental to future technologies, including high density information storage and quantum computation. Electron spin resonance (ESR), also known as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), spectroscopy is a conventional method to study materials with unpaired electrons by employing microwave to excite these free electrons in static magnetic field. The ESR spectrometer has a typical detection limit of 107 spins. And scanning tunneling microscope (STM), since its invention in 1981, has been proven as a powerful tool in surface science due to its atomic resolution in imaging metallic surface. By combining the advantages of both techniques, we can expect to realize the detection of individual spins. This nascent and promising technique is called electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy (ESR-STM). The basic principle of the ESR-STM is that in a static magnetic field, the precessing electron spin will induce a radio-frequency (RF) component at the Larmor frequency in the tunneling current. The amplitude of the RF component related with the precession of electron spins ranges is estimated to be in the pA regime, which is close to that of the intrinsic noises in the system, including shot noise and thermal noise. Therefore, this thesis begins with a brief introduction to the basic knowledge of noise and several fundamental noise sources in the tunnelling junction, followed by experimental methodology and possible theoretical explanations of ESR-STM. In chapter 2, I focus on the construction of the ESR-STM based on a commercial Omicron low temperature (LT) STM in our lab. Detailed technical solutions are presented to target specific instrumental issues, including the electromagnetic interference (EMI) isolation, the elimination of ground loops, the replacement of unshielded wires, the design of a buffer amplifier with internal impedance matching network, and the installment of the high-end cryogenic RF amplifiers and the spectrum analyzer. Then the performance of the constructed ESR-STM concerning the basic operation of STM imaging and sensitivity level in RF band are tested. The sensitivity is about 1.0 pA/√Hz at 200 MHz at 78 K and be further improved by 4 – 5 times through cooling down to 4.3 K. In chapter 3, I proceed to the preparation of ESR-STM samples, namely, nanostructures which possess unpaired electrons, such as, the individual Ho atoms on insulating MgO films, the free radical DPPH, and the particular point defect on oxidized silicon surface. In particular, A reliable approach is developed to fabricate the MgO thin films exhibiting novel surface polarity by controlling the Mg concentration during reactive deposition. Finally, some preliminary ESR-STM measurements on the fabricated magnetic nanostructures are performed with the newly-built set-up, however, seemed not to yield convincing evidences of spin-related RF signals. Nonetheless, the surprising observations of a series of RF signals associated with the striped STM image and the pronounced peaks probably related with the coated noble metal nanoparticles on the STM probe tip independently confirm the high sensitivity of our set-up in RF band, which makes it a powerful tool in exploring the dynamic physical processes in nanosecond regime at the atomic or molecular scale.單電子自旋的探測和控制是包括高密度信息存儲和量子計算在内的未來技術的基礎。電子自旋共振（ESR），也被稱為電子順磁共振（EPR），是一種通過在靜態磁場中使用微波激發這些自由電子來研究具有不成對電子的材料的常規方法。電子自旋共振波譜儀的典型檢測限為107 個自旋中心。掃描隧道顯微鏡（STM）自1981 年發明以來，由於其在金屬表面成像的原子級分辨率，已被證明是表面科學領域的一個強大的工具。通過結合兩種技術的優點，我們可以期望實現個體自旋的探測。這種新興技術被稱為電子自旋共振掃描隧道顯微鏡（ESR-STM）。其基本原理是，在靜態磁場中，進動的自旋電子會在隧穿電流中產生具有Larmor 頻率的射頻信號。這個與電子自旋進動相關的射頻信號的强度估計在皮安量級，其大小接近系統内包括散粒噪聲和熱噪聲在內的固有噪聲。因此，本文首先簡要介紹了噪聲的基本知識和隧道結中的幾個基本噪聲源，然後對ESRSTM的實驗方法和可能的理論解釋進行了介紹。在第二章中，我將具體介紹ESR-STM的研製工作。這項工作主要基於我們實驗室已有的一臺Omicron 低溫（LT）STM。針對具體的設備方面的問題，我們提出了詳細的技術解決方案，包括隔離電磁干擾（EMI），消除接地環路，更換未屏蔽的電線，設計配有內部阻抗匹配網絡的緩衝放大器，以及安裝高性能的低溫射頻放大器和頻譜分析儀。接著，我們對完成的ESR-STM 進行了包括基本的STM 成像和射頻頻段的靈敏度水平等的性能測試。經過測試，我們儀器的靈敏度在液氮溫度下（78 K）在頻率200 MHz 處也可達到1.0 pA/√Hz，更可以通過降溫到液氦溫度進一步提高四到五倍。在第三章中，我著手製備ESR-STM 樣品，即具有不成對電子的納米結構，如絕緣氧化鎂薄膜上的單個Ho 原子，極性分子DPPH 和氧化的硅表面上的特定點缺陷。特別值得注意的是，我們開發了一種可靠的方法即通過控制反應沉積期間的Mg 濃度來製備具有新穎表面極性的MgO 薄膜。最後，我對所製備的磁性納米結構進行一些初步的ESR-STM 測量。雖然我們設備的靈敏度已經超過了所有文獻中記載的設備的靈敏度，但是我們目前的實驗結果還沒有給出令人信服的自旋相關的RF 信號。儘管如此，我們還是觀測到了一些比如伴隨條狀STM 圖像出現的一系列射頻信號以及可能與STM 探針尖端上的塗佈的貴金屬納米顆粒相關的尖銳信號。這些實驗發現再一次獨立地證實了儀器本身在射頻頻段中的高靈敏度。這也使得我們的這臺設備成爲了在原子或分子尺度上探索納秒級動態物理過程的有力工具。Xu, Chaoqiang = 用於探測單電子自旋的電子自旋共振掃描隧道顯微鏡的研製 / 徐超强Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2018.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-135).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Xu, Chaoqiang = Yong yu tan ce dan dian zi zi xuan de dian zi zi xuan gong zhen sao miao sui dao xian wei jing de yan zhi / Xu Chaoqian
Ru xuan zhi jian: yin yi yu wei jin xue shu
No full text魏晉是中國古代史上最為複雜的時代之一，它的複雜不僅表現在政治上，也表現在學術層面。而魏晉時代在各種因素交織下所呈現出來的複雜程度，很難憑一條線索就梳理清楚。本文著眼於魏晉時代儒者處逸、隱士通經的特殊現象，在前人研究的基礎上，通過對魏晉隱逸的關注與分析，從而引發有關魏晉學術和政治文化的討論，希望藉此能對包括玄學發展衍化在內的一些問題產生新的理解。要詮釋上述這種儒者處逸、隱士通經的歷史現象，首先要對隱逸的起源和種類加以回顧和梳理，之後再對《晉書》傳中人物的具體情況作出分析。本文認為，「人物」、「學術」、「政治」之間可以構建一種兩兩相互作用的三角關係，通過分析這種關係，可以解釋一些歷史現象。因此本文的討論，主要集中在三個層面：第一，特定時代政治環境與學術背景的人物，「儒隱」現象是發生人物身上的現象，而這種現象可以從政治與學術兩方面尋求解釋。第二，政治人物的學術，這也包括了官方對不同學術的態度。第三，學術人物的政治，根據人物學術背景的不同──在本文的討論範圍中即以儒學與玄學二者為主──其在政治上的進退出處也不一樣。而在本文看來，當中又以魏晉玄學的作用最為顯著因此本文的許多論述都與玄學有關；同時也希望通過對作為隱逸背景的玄學的討論，為我們認識玄學提供一個新的視角。本文希望強調，從許多方面來看，玄學都是儒學的一支，儘管玄學的文本並不全是當時的傳統儒家經典。玄學在學術上的重要性，主要存在於其形成初期和南朝以後；而曹魏正始以後至東晉末年的這一歷史時段內，玄學更多地在政治上發揮著作用。但是，即使在玄學最具風采的時期，朝野各類人物依然以儒學為其學術底蘊。Reclusion normally refers to people living in self-imposed isolation from the world, often for religious purposes. But it seemed to be a much more complicated matter in early medieval China, especially when there was a fusion between those scholar-officials and traditional reclusions, which used to commit disengagement under a more “simple” sort of motivation. From historical documents of that period, we started to see Ruists who were not interested in becoming politicians, and recluses who would knew awfully a lot about Ruism and even governing. Both kinds of people were valued and well respected in their time not only by common people but also lords and kings.After being recognized as the official guide of governing in Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE), the ideology of “Ruism” (Ruxue), or otherwise known as Confucianism, has been associated with the heavenly granted authority of emperorship, under which circumstance traditional “Ruists” (or Confucian scholars)have been following a path whereas scholarships would lead to bureaucratic positions. But this ideal path changed, for a while, for at least some Ruists, when the dynasty started to crumble around the beginning of the third century. Many scholars of Ruism started to choose to become practitioners of reclusion, instead of competing to become court-commissioned scholar-officials, especially during Jin dynasty (265-420). Among many things that could be held accountable for the occurrence of this phenomenon, “Mystery Learning” (Xuanxue), or otherwise known as Metaphysic Learning or Neo-Daoism, appears to be a major one.Rising from intense debates among intellectual elites, it started off as a way for some Wei (220-265) officials to express resentful attitudes as they objected to the arrogation of the yet-to-be-enthroned Sima clan. Then after the abdication of Wei emperorship, certain former Wei officials turned to reclusion, whilst Mystery Learning became charmingly popular among Jin court. When it came to Eastern Jin, as leaders of the “Great Families” took turns to act as Grand Councilor, they came to contend with emperorship, so Ruism no longer suited as the ideological foundation of political discourses. Practices of reclusion continued for that reason among others.畢云.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Bi yun.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only
Stilicoderus chengrani Yu, Hu & Pan, 2016, sp. n.
No full text<i>Stilicoderus chengrani</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 2, 8–12)</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype:</b> male, " China, Xizang, Muotuo, alt. 1500–2000 m, 20.VIII.2013, Wen-Xuan Bi leg." (SNUC). <b>Paratypes:</b> 1 male, 1 female, " China, Xizang, Hanmi, 12–31.VII.2013, alt. 2100 m, Wen-Xuan Bi leg." (SNUC); 6 males, 7 females, "Hanmi, Motuo Coun., Xizang A. R. alt. 2200 m, 19.VIII.2005, TANG Liang leg." (SNUC); 1 male, "Hanmi, Motuo Coun., Xizang A. R. alt. 2200 m, 23-27.VIII.2005, TANG Liang leg." (SNUC); 1 male, "Dongjiu, Linzhi Coun., Xizang A. R., alt. 2800 m, 3.VIII.2005, TANG Liang leg." (SNUC).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body length: 5.4–5.9 mm; length of forebody: 3.5–3.8 mm.</p> <p>Coloration: body blackish, elytra with obliquely oval dark-yellowish spot in anterior half; legs yellowish, femoral apices very narrowly blackish; antennae reddish with infuscate antennomere I.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 8) 0.94–0.95 times as broad as long, widest across eyes, smoothly tapering behind eyes, somewhat produced posteriorly; lateral margins smoothly curving towards posterior constriction, posterior angles completely obsolete; punctation dense, relatively fine, and defined, somewhat sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices without microsculpture. Eyes moderately large and distinctly projecting from lateral contours of head, approximately one third as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 8) 1.18–1.30 times as long as broad and 0.57–0.78 as wide as head; surface covered with tiny, setose tubercles; midline with broad impunctate band.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 8) 0.68–0.75 times as long and 1.27–1.33 times as broad as pronotum; non-setiferous puncture-like impressions coarser, interspersed with fine and very dense setiferous punctures. Hind wings fully developed.</p> <p>Abdomen narrower than elytra; punctation very fine and dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture, particularly on posterior tergites; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VII (Fig. 9) weakly concave at middle; sternite VIII (Fig. 10) with posterior excision almost V–shaped and rather deep; aedeagus (Fig 11, 12) 0.61–0.65 mm long, with apical internal structures straight and long; ventral process long and sinuate, curved ventrally in apical portion in lateral view, strongly curved to the left in ventral view.</p> <p> <b>Comparative notes.</b> Based on external and the male sexual characters, <i>S. chengrani</i> belongs to the <i>S. signatus</i> group. The similar male sexual characters suggest that <i>S. chengrani</i> is closely related to <i>S. clayi</i> Rougemont, 1986, from which it is distinguished by the narrower excision of male sternite VIII, and the ventrally curved apical portion of ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and biological notes.</b> The specimens were collected from two localities in Xizang Province, China, by sifting leaf litter at altitudes from 1500 to 2800 m.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named in honor of Ran Cheng, brother of the first author.</p>Published as part of <i>Yu, Ting-Ting, Hu, Jia-Yao & Pan, Zhao-Hui, 2016, Two new species and new records of Stilicoderus Sharp from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 373-390 in Zootaxa 4138 (2)</i> on page 376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.2.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/271991">http://zenodo.org/record/271991</a>
Image Retargeting Quality Assessment
No full textContent-aware image retargeting is a technique that can flexibly display images with different aspect ratios and simultaneously preserve salient regions in images. Recently many image retargeting techniques have been proposed. To compare image quality by different retargeting methods fast and reliably, an objective metric simulating the human vision system (HVS) is presented in this paper. Different from traditional objective assessment methods that work in bottom-up manner (i.e., assembling pixel-level features in a local-to-global way), in this paper we propose to use a reverse order (top-down manner) that organizes image features from global to local viewpoints, leading to a new objective assessment metric for retargeted images. A scale-space matching method is designed to facilitate extraction of global geometric structures from retargeted images. By traversing the scale space from coarse to fine levels, local pixel correspondence is also established. The objective assessment metric is then based on both global geometric structures and local pixel correspondence. To evaluate color images, CIE L*a*b* color space is utilized. Experimental results are obtained to measure the performance of objective assessments with the proposed metric. The results show good consistency between the proposed objective metric and subjective assessment by human observers
Scene Consistency Effect and Its Mechanisms
No full textThe present paper reviewed the evidence for scene consistency effect accumulated recently. Behavioral studies showed that participants performed better in naming, categorizing, searching and recognizing consistent objects (which appeared in usual context) than inconsistent objects (which appeared in unusual context). ERP studies demonstrated that inconsistent objects, compared with consistent objects, induced a larger negative-going wave (N390) especially in centro-parietal sites. fMRI studies revealed that PHC/PPA and RSC played important roles in scene processing. Theories proposed to explain the scene consistency effect were also discussed
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