33 research outputs found
Defects, Fault Modeling, and Test Development Framework for FeFETs
No full textAs emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) devices, Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors (FeFETs) present distinctive opportunities for the design of ultra-dense and low-leakage memory systems. For matured FeFET manufacturing, it is extremely important to have an understanding of manufacturing defects and accurately model them to develop effective test solutions. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for defect and fault modeling, which enables the development of test solutions. First, a classification of FeFET manufacturing defects is provided; both conventional defects (such as contacts and interconnect defects) as well as unique FeFET defects are discussed. The latter FeFET specific defect leads to unique faults that cannot be adequately described using traditional modeling approaches. Then, the Device-Aware Test (DAT) method is used to effectively and appropriately model, analyze and develop test solutions for such unique defects; the approach will be illustrated for Stuck-at-Polarization (SAP) defects
Device-Aware Test for Threshold Voltage Shifting in FeFET
No full textFerroelectric Field-Effect Transistors (FeFETs) are promising candidates for non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, especially in embedded systems and edge computing. However, due to their physical characteristics, FeFETs exhibit unique defects—such as Threshold Voltage Shifting (TVS) caused by trap charges in the oxide layer—that are not captured by conventional defect models. This study adopts the Device-Aware Test (DAT) methodology to model these defects by incorporating their impact into the electrical parameters, calibrated using measurement data. Defect injection, circuit-level simulations, and fault analysis are performed to derive realistic fault models. Finally, the March algorithm and Design-for-Test (DfT) techniques are proposed to effectively detect these defects
A novel missense mutation of the DDHD1 gene associated with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textBackground: Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (jALS) is a rare form of ALS with an onset age of less than 25 years and is frequently thought to be genetic in origin. DDHD1 gene mutations have been reported to be associated with the SPG28 subtype of autosomal recessive HSP but have never been reported in jALS patients.Methods: Gene screens for the causative genes of ALS, HSP and CMT using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies were performed on a jALS patient. Sanger sequencing was used to validate identified variants and perform segregation analysis.Results: We identified a novel c.1483A>G (p.Met495Val) homozygous missense mutation of the DDHD1 gene in the jALS patient. All of his parents and young bother were heterozygous for this mutation. The mutation was not found in 800 Chinese control subjects or the data of dbSNP, ExAC and 1000G.Conclusion: The novel c.1483A>G (p.Met495Val) missense mutation of the DDHD1 gene could be a causative mutation of autosomal recessive jALS
Tourism commercialisation and the frontstage-backstage metaphor in intangible cultural heritage tourism
No full textResolving tensions between tourism commercialisation and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) safeguarding is an important objective. Using the frontstage-backstage metaphor as an analytical lens, we investigate how tourism promotes ICH safeguarding and how detrimental aspects of tourism commercialisation can be handled in Miao silverware tourism in Fenghuang, China. Results show that tourism commercialisation is beneficial because it provides new possibilities and promotes the transformation of ICH. However, fake ICH products are detrimental, prioritising commercial value over ICH value. ICH inheritors create two separate commercial spaces to handle the segmented tourism market. The frontstage-backstage metaphor helps to investigate the transformational process of ICH in tourism and socio-psychological dilemmas of cultural practitioners in dealing with the multiplying realities of ICH
Thin Film Deposition Techniques in Surface Engineering Strategies for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries
No full textRecent progress in the fabrication of controlled structures and advanced materials has improved battery performance in terms of specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. However, interfacial problems such as increased resistance and contact instability between the electrodes and solid/liquid electrolytes still put pressure on the controllable formation of structures and the improvement of performance as well as safety. Here, we first briefly introduce the deposition techniques in terms of working mechanism and experimental process, then illustrate the associated advantages/disadvantages of the surface engineering methods based on deposition techniques (physical vapor deposition and chemical reaction deposition) to the provision of reference for researchers selecting the appropriate approach. Second, we exemplify the Si/LiCoO2/LiPON/Li to demonstrate the main progress made in lithium-ion batteries, elaborating on the efforts in engineering the reactive surface utilizing the deposition techniques. Finally, general conclusions and prospects for future advanced thin film deposition techniques in the field of lithium-ion batteries are presented
Long non-coding RNA ANRIL regulates inflammatory responses as a novel component of NF-κB pathway
No full text<p>Antisense Noncoding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) is the prime candidate gene at Chr9p21, the well-defined genetic risk locus associated with multiple human diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD), while little is known regarding its role in the pathological processes. Endothelial dysfunction triggers atherosclerotic processes that are causatively linked to CAD. To evaluate the function of ANRIL in human endothelial cells (ECs), we examined ANRIL expression under pathological stimuli and found ANRIL was markedly induced by pro-inflammatory factors. Loss-of-function and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches revealed that NF-κB mediates TNF-α induced ANRIL expression. RNA sequencing revealed that ANRIL silencing dysregulated expression of inflammatory genes including IL6 and IL8 under TNF-α treatment. We explored the regulatory mechanism of ANRIL on IL6/8 and found that Yin Yang 1 (YY1), an ANRIL binding transcriptional factor revealed by RNA immunoprecipitation, was required for IL6/8 expression under TNF-α treatment. YY1 was enriched at promoter loci of IL6/8 and ANRIL silencing impaired the enrichment, indicating a cooperation between ANRIL and YY1 in the regulation of inflammatory genes. For the first time, we establish the connection between ANRIL and NF-κB pathway and show that ANRIL regulates inflammatory responses through binding with YY1. The newly identified TNF-α-NF-κB-ANRIL/YY1-IL6/8 pathway enhances understanding of the etiology of CAD and provides potential therapeutic target for treatment of CAD.</p
A novel high-precision bandgap reference with differential common-gate structure
No full textThis paper proposes a novel kind of bandgap reference (BGR) with high precision and high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) by using optimized differential common-gate structure and a cascode amplifier. The circuit uses the standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The simulation results indicate that the temperature range is -20°C to 80°C and the temperature coefficient (TC) less than 27 ppm/°C is achieved at all process corners. Line regulation is better than 0.045%/V and the power supply rejection ratio in low frequency is close to 56dB. The supply voltage of the proposed bandgap reference ranges from 1.8V to 3.5V while the maximum supply current is 36μA at room temperature. ? 2015 IEEE.EI47-502016-Februar
Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies TNFRSF1A as a Biomarker of Liver Injury in Sepsis TNFRSF1A is a Biomarker for Septic Liver Injury
No full textSepsis is a severe disease with high mortality, and liver injury is an independent risk factor for sepsis morbidity and mortality. We analyzed co-differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) to explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sepsis-related liver injury. Three gene expression datasets (GSE60088, GSE23767, and GSE71530) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). DEGs were screened between sepsis and control samples using GEO2R. The association of these DEGs with infection and liver disease was analyzed by using the CTD database. GO functional analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of DEGs. DEGs of different tissues in GSE60088 were analyzed again to obtain specific markers of septic liver injury. Mouse model of sepsis was also established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and the expression of specific markers in liver, lung, and kidney tissues was analyzed using Western blot. Here, we identified 21 DEGs in three datasets with 8 hub genes, all of which showed higher inference scores in liver diseases than bacterial infections. Among them, only TNFRSF1A had a liver-specific differential expression. TNFRSF1A was also confirmed to be specifically reduced in septic liver tissues in mice. Therefore, TNFRSF1A may serve as a potential biomarker for septic liver injury
Heat transfer in photovoltaic polymers and bulk‐heterojunctions investigated by scanning photothermal deflection technique
No full textAbstract Organic semiconductors in electronic devices usually have poor thermal conduction which could trap considerable amount of heat, inducing operational instability and reducing device lifetime, limiting commercialization potential. Despite the technological essence to understand and enhance device heat‐dissipation, related studies on organic semiconductors are very limited. In this study, the authors show that the scanning photothermal deflection technique can be employed to study the thermal transport in thin films of organic photovoltaic (OPV) polymers and bulk‐heterojunctions (BHJs), with a simple empirical correction for the extrinsic experimental configuration. Phonons are identified to dominate the thermal transport due to the low carrier mobility. For OPV semiconductors, the positive correlation between the thermal diffusivity and the molecular planarity, π–π stacking and crystallinity is demonstrated. High‐performance 2D polymers such as PM6 can possess values comparable to alloys like stainless steel. In BHJs, using a polymeric acceptor can retain high thermal diffusivities compared to fullerene and ITIC acceptors, attributed to the efficient heat transfer within the polymer chains. The results offer not only a simple, highly customizable but sensitive experimental method for thermal transport in OPV systems, but also insights into the phonon dynamics and clinical investigations for thermal stability, pushing forward strategic material design
