1,720,958 research outputs found
Homogeneous Migration and Heterogeneous Migration: A General Typology of Anthropological Migration Studies
No full text本文主要目的在分辨一般人口學家與人口人類學家，研究人口遷移時態度上的不同。人類學對於人口遷移的探討注重人們的表現，而不只是對統計數字的討論：並研究人口學上的一些變項與人類社會文化的關係；不但注意同時限的研究觀念，更注意異時限的探討。本文以人類學的研究方式，配合實際資料，試著發展出有關人口遷移模式的分類，藉以說明臺澎地區，人口遷移的現象。澎湖人遷移台灣本島的研究，若以歷史的角度來觀察，其移民模式受文化傳統與生活條件的影響，各時期移民特質及遷移方向而有不同。若就上述兩點為準，澎湖早期的移民模式乃屬同質性的移民模式，而後期的移民則屬異質性的移民模式。換言之，早期的移民特質和遷移方向，相同之處遠比後期移民為多。這與移民之選擇性（包含主動的與被動的）有關係。理論上一個地區人口遷移模式由同質轉變為異質並非單向的。人類學對於人口遷移的研究方式，也著重適應的探討，移民模式不同，而有不同的適應方法。同質與異質移民模式之建立，或將有助於對人口遷移，作進一步的探討
Political and Economic Considerations Related to the Formation of Population Policy on Mainland China, 1949-1970
No full text一般研究大陸匪區人口政策的著作，僅注意政策本身的討論，或者僅描述推行節育的方法；而對於西元1949年到1962年影響其人口政策形成的重大事件與毛匪之陰狠則欠缺描述與分析。中共一切主要理論與作法，均源自馬克斯的論點，同時中共黨內任何決策均受信奉馬克斯思想的毛匪所主宰。馬克斯認為只有在資本主義社會，才有剩餘人口的問題，這是由於資本主義的政治及經濟制度之不良所造成的；而他認為在社會主義的國家是沒有人口過剩的問題，這便是他所謂的人口理論。西元1949年毛匪確認人多是從事建設的大好條件；即使再多上幾倍也有方法來解決；到了1950年代後期，當人們在談節育時又說了一些人只看到一個人有一張嘴，可是卻忘了人還有兩隻手，由此可見毛匪不認為人口過多是問題。
毛匪以為在政治及經濟制度上，徹底依據馬克斯的論點施行於中國大陸，便可解決一切問題。因此在1949~1957年開始推行清算、鬥爭、土改，一切商業農業收歸國有，並採取蘇聯的模式發展工業，使得農業減產與一般人民消費品之匱乏，而造成民怨以及共黨內部對毛匪之不滿。1956年末到1957年夏季，毛匪藉「百花齊放，百家爭鳴」表示願意接受批評來緩和壓力，許多知識份子紛紛表示以節育（人口學的方法）來解決經濟的問題。但最後漸失控制，毛匪遂下令停止，而開始整肅異己，許多受西方訓練的學者都難逃厄運。由於這次整肅使得著手推行的節育運動，突然在1958年夏季停止。接著在1958~1961年大力推行「大躍進」運動，以吸收大量過剩的人口從事苦力式的勞動。由於「大躍進」之失敗，致使中國大陸在1961~1962年成為大量糧食輸入地區；因此在1962年不得不恢復節育政策，這是當初一些挨整肅的知識份子所建議的
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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