69 research outputs found
Nello specchio dell'altro. Orientalismo, balcanismo e queerness in E.M. Forster
No full textNel 2007 David Bradshaw chiude la sua Introduction a The Cambridge Companion to E.M.
Forster da lui curata, invitando a una lettura dell’opera di E.M. Forster che fosse meno reverenziale e
possibilimente più critica. In questa dissertazione si è scelto di rispondere all’invito di Bradshaw non
solo attraverso lo studio delle opere che avevano reso E.M. Forster subito famoso, ma anche di alcuni
lavori non pubblicati mentre E.M. Forster era in vita, in particolare focalizzandosi su un dramma
sconosciuto alla maggioranza dei lettori e rimasto inedito fino ai giorni nostri, intitolato The Heart of
Bosnia, redatto nel 1911 e conservato negli archivi del King’s College di Cambridge.
Il presente studio ha investigato The Heart of Bosnia collocandolo nel quadro del corpus
letterario forsteriano, cercando sia di riproporre sotto una nuova luce aspetti marginalmente già presi
in considerazioni dalla critica, sia di rilevarne altri del tutto sconosciuti. In particolare, questa ricerca
ha osservato come il dramma inedito si relazioni ai lavori fictional come Maurice (1913) e A Passage
to India (1924), che Forster scrisse in seguito ai quattro romanzi che prima del 1910 lo avevano reso
famoso in Inghilterra e oltre, Where Angels Fear to Tread, A Room with a View, The Longest Journey
e Howards End, interrogando l’approccio dei testi forsteriani a questioni come ‘razza’, classe, genere
e sessualità, in un momento cruciale per la sua carriera di fictional writer.
L’apparato metodologico che si è adottato per il presente lavoro è stato informato dagli studi
sulla discourse analysis. La ricerca si è pertanto ispirata agli studi relativi agli immaginari collettivi
europeo-occidentali sui Balcani, sull’Oriente e sull’omosessualità. Si è tenuto conto delle preesistenti
analisi che si sono focalizzate sulle ‘costruzioni’ delle immagini rappresentanti l’alterità, ‘razziale’, di
genere, sessuale e di classe, soprattutto nei confronti delle colonie britanniche, dell’Oriente e dei
Balcani. Questo ricco filone di studi ha dimostrato come certe figure e rappresentazioni socio-culturali
abbiano contribuito in modo significativo alla formazione di processi discorsivi che erano parte
integrante di progetti di dominio e controllo sociale sui soggetti collocati ai margini dell’Impero,
dell’Europa e della società britannica.
Tenuto conto della location bosniaca del dramma, si è anche cercato di individuare la natura
specifica dei discorsi che a fine Ottocento e a inizio Novecento circolavano nell’arena pubblica
britannica in riferimento alla Bosnia-Erzegovina. Quei discorsi costituiscono lo sfondo sul quale
proiettare l’opera forsteriana e, in assenza di una letteratura specifica cui appoggiarsi, due capitoli
sono dedicati alla ricostruzione di quel contesto. Il punto di riferimento principale per lo svolgimento
di queste analisi è stato il corpus dell’odeporica britannica sulla Bosnia-Erzegovina.
Avendo studiato le implicazioni narrative dei discorsi presenti nel dramma, si può concludere
dicendo che l’orientalismo, il balcanismo e il discorso sull’omosessualità fin de siècle rinviano a tre
nuclei tematici presenti nel dramma. Il primo riguarda le questioni relative alla costruzione
dell’identità ‘razziale’, quindi pone l’accento su un’impossibilità di convivenza tra l’Ovest e l’Est,
mentre il secondo e il terzo sono legati a questioni di genere e sessuali, rinviando, da un lato, ad
un’immagine della società basata sui principi del patriarcato del tipo New Chivalry, e, dall’altro, ad
un’identità omosessuale mascolinizzata. Ciò che i tre temi sicuramente segnalano è che The Heart of
Bosnia, per i due romanzi compiuti che Forster scrisse dopo il 1910, cioè A Passage to India e
Maurice, è un’opera cruciale in quanto annuncia alcuni dei temi fondamentali che rendono questa
tarda produzione della narrativa forsteriana alquanto differente rispetto a tutto ciò che Forster aveva
scritto precedentemente. Rispetto a Maurice, il dramma inedito annuncia l’identità omosessuale
mascolinizzata a partire dalla figura del “selvaggio”, mentre rispetto al capolavoro di Forster, è
anticipato il tema della convivenza (o del suo fallimento) tra l’Est e l’Ovest, nonché il tema delle
forme del patriarcato radicato nel desiderio omosociale e/o omosessuale.In 2007, David Bradshaw closed the Introduction to his edition of The Cambridge Companion
to E.M. Forster inviting a reading of E.M. Forster’s work in a less reverential and possibly more
critical way. This dissertation chooses to respond to Bradshaw’s invitation by the decision to study not
only the works that have made Forster instantly famous, but also works unpublished during the
author’s lifetime, focusing in particular on a drama unknown to the most readers and unpublished to
this day. Entitled The Heart of Bosnia, it was composed in 1911 and is still held in the archives of
King’s College in Cambridge.
This study investigates The Heart of Bosnia by placing it within the framework of the
Forsterian literary production, attempting both to re-propose in a new light aspects that had already,
although only marginally, been taken into consideration by literary critics, as well as pointing out
others completely unknown. In particular, this thesis observes in what way this unpublished drama
related to other fictional works of his such as Maurice (1913) and A Passage to India (1924), which
Forster wrote after the four novels that had made him known to the audience before 1910, in England
and beyond, Where Angels Fear to Tread, A Room with a View, The Longest Journey and Howards
End, questioning the approach of Forster’s texts to issues such as ‘race’, class, gender and sexuality.
The methodological apparatus adopted for the present work is informed by the studies on
discourse analysis. This research therefore relies on the studies relative to the collective imaginaries on
the Balkans, the Orient and homosexuality. The pre-existent analyses which focused on the
‘construction’ of the images representing the ‘racial’, gender, sexual, and class Otherness, were taken
into consideration, above all with reference to the British colonies, the Orient and the Balkans. This
very rich field of studies shows in what way socio-cultural figures and representations contributed in a
significant way to the formation of discursive processes that represent an integral part of the projects
of dominion and control over the subjects set at the margins of the Empire, of Europe and of British
society.
Considering the Bosnian location of the drama, it is necessary to point out the specific nature
of the discourses circulating between the end of the Nineteenth century and the beginning of the
Twentieth century within the British public arena with regard to Bosnia-Herzegovina. These
discourses constitute the background on which to project Forster’s work and as such, due to the
absence of specific reliable literature, two chapters of this thesis are dedicated to the reconstruction of
this context. The main point of reference for the development of these analysis is the corpus of British
travel writing on Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Having studied the narrative implications of the discourses present in the drama, it is possible
to conclude by saying that Orientalism, Balkanism and the fin de siècle discourse on homosexuality
refer to three thematic nuclei present in the drama. The first regards the issues relative to the
construction of ‘racial’ identity, thus stressing the impossibility of the East-West cultural meeting,
whereas the second and the third are related to questions of gender and sexuality, and refer to an image
of society based on the principles of the New Chivalry type of patriarchy, on the one hand, and to
homosexual masculinized identity, on the other. What these three themes certainly highlight is that
The Heart of Bosnia, for the two completed novels that Forster wrote after 1910, A Passage to India
and Maurice, is a crucial work as it announces some of the fundamental topics that make the later
literary production of Forsterian narrative rather different in comparison to what the author had written
before. With regards to Maurice, the unpublished drama announces the masculinized homosexual
identity by focusing on the figure of the “savage”, whereas with regards to A Passage to India, it puts
forward the theme of meeting (and its failure) between East and West, as well as the theme of the kind
of patriarchy rooted in homosocial and/or homosexual desire
Disasters, Health Law and Other Legal Regulations
No full textTürkiye deprem bölgesi olmasının yanı sıra, son yıllarda seller, günler süren orman yangınları ve sığınmacı akınlarıyla başa çıkmak durumunda kalmış bir ülkedir. Bu nedenle her türlü afete ilişkin olarak gerekli yasal düzenlemelerin ve acil eylem planlarının bilimsel bir bakış açısıyla ve eksiksiz olarak yapılması ve yapılan planların düzenli bir biçimde güncellenmesi gereken bir ülkedir. Mevzuatımız incelendiğinde, afet alanında pek çok yasal düzenlemenin mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, mevzuatımızdaki afetlerin yönetimi ve sonuçlarına ilişkin sağlık hukuku ve diğer alanlardaki belli başlı yasal düzenlemeler incelenmiştir. Bu konuda ihdas edilmiş çok sayıda düzenleme bulunmakla birlikte pek çok alanda uygulamada sorunlarla karşılaşılması söz konusu olabilmektedir. Özellikle yakın zamanda gerçekleşmiş olan afetler ışığında pratiğe yönelik düzenlemeler hakkında bilgi verilmiş, çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Milletimizi derinden sarsan 6 Şubat 2023 tarihli depremlerde görüldüğü üzere, bu denli büyük yıkımlar olması durumunda yerel idareler de yıkımlar ve büyük can kayıpları nedeniyle devre dışı kalabilmektedir. Bunun için, farklı şehirler arasında bir “yardım plan zinciri” oluşturulmalıdır. Dileğimiz, yaşanan afetler sonrası yaşanılan pratik sorunlar da gözetilerek mevcut mevzuatta uyarlama ve iyileştirmeler yapılmasıdır
Ligand Binding to the Membrane-Distal Domain of the Met Receptor Induces Dimerization at the Membrane-Proximal Domain
No full textActivation of cytokine and growthfactor receptors by ligands triggers crucial cellular responses in various physiological processes. However, our understanding of their structural basis remains incomplete due to the limited informationon the active ligand−receptor complex structure. Their structural analysis poses two significant challenges: preserving thecomplex structureduring isolation fromliving cells and achieving high-resolution characterization. In this study,we analyzed the structure of the active complex of the hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-Met receptor by chemically fixing prior to isolating from living cells and high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging at the single-protein level. We also conducted split-luciferase complementary assay and cryo-electronmicroscopy experiments for the HGF-Met extracellular domain complex and complemented these results with molecular dynamics simulations. We found that HGF binding to the Sema domain of Met promotes homotypic dimerization at the membrane-proximal region of Met, specifically the IPT4 domain. In summary, our study unveils the structural features of the physiological HGF-Met complex and clarifies the ligand-induced dimerization of the Met receptor
Nanoscopic Characterization of Adsorbed Films at the Solid-Liquid Inteiface
No full textapplication/pdf博士学位論文の要旨及び審査結果の要旨 (Summary of Thesis(DR))1280374 bytesothe
Yoğun bakım ünitelerinden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının bazı antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları
No full textVisualization of Lipid Membrane Reorganization Induced by a Pore-Forming Toxin Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
No full textWe examined the effect of a sphingomyelin (SM)-binding pore-forming toxin (PFT), lysenin, on the dynamics of a phase-separated membrane of SM, where SM formed liquid-ordered (Lo) domains with cholesterol (Chol) within a phosphatidylcholine-rich liquid-disordered (Ld) phase. We visualized the lysenin-induced membrane reorganization using high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM). Lysenin oligomerized on the SM-rich Lo domain and simultaneously its oligomers assembled into a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. The phase boundary was stable during the assembling of lysenin on the SM-rich domain, indicating that lysenin did not affect the line tension between Lo and Ld phases. After the full coverage of the SM-rich domain by oligomers, their hcp assembly gradually expanded into the Ld phase and eventually covered the entire membrane. Our results suggest that pore formation, <i>i.e.</i>, insertion of lysenin into the membrane in its oligomeric state, induced the exclusion of SM and Chol from the SM-rich domain, which was followed by further binding and oligomerization of lysenin
Visualization of Lipid Membrane Reorganization Induced by a Pore-Forming Toxin Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
No full textWe examined the effect of a sphingomyelin (SM)-binding pore-forming toxin (PFT), lysenin, on the dynamics of a phase-separated membrane of SM, where SM formed liquid-ordered (Lo) domains with cholesterol (Chol) within a phosphatidylcholine-rich liquid-disordered (Ld) phase. We visualized the lysenin-induced membrane reorganization using high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM). Lysenin oligomerized on the SM-rich Lo domain and simultaneously its oligomers assembled into a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. The phase boundary was stable during the assembling of lysenin on the SM-rich domain, indicating that lysenin did not affect the line tension between Lo and Ld phases. After the full coverage of the SM-rich domain by oligomers, their hcp assembly gradually expanded into the Ld phase and eventually covered the entire membrane. Our results suggest that pore formation, <i>i.e.</i>, insertion of lysenin into the membrane in its oligomeric state, induced the exclusion of SM and Chol from the SM-rich domain, which was followed by further binding and oligomerization of lysenin
Visualization of Lipid Membrane Reorganization Induced by a Pore-Forming Toxin Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
No full textWe examined the effect of a sphingomyelin (SM)-binding pore-forming toxin (PFT), lysenin, on the dynamics of a phase-separated membrane of SM, where SM formed liquid-ordered (Lo) domains with cholesterol (Chol) within a phosphatidylcholine-rich liquid-disordered (Ld) phase. We visualized the lysenin-induced membrane reorganization using high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM). Lysenin oligomerized on the SM-rich Lo domain and simultaneously its oligomers assembled into a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. The phase boundary was stable during the assembling of lysenin on the SM-rich domain, indicating that lysenin did not affect the line tension between Lo and Ld phases. After the full coverage of the SM-rich domain by oligomers, their hcp assembly gradually expanded into the Ld phase and eventually covered the entire membrane. Our results suggest that pore formation, <i>i.e.</i>, insertion of lysenin into the membrane in its oligomeric state, induced the exclusion of SM and Chol from the SM-rich domain, which was followed by further binding and oligomerization of lysenin
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