194 research outputs found
Transistorized timer for sensory-behavioral research
No full textDescribed a timer circuit which produces pulse durations ranging from .1-20,000 msec. The timer has high reliability, is inexpensive, and simple to construct.Source type: Prin
A 33-ppm/°C 240-nW 40-nm CMOS Wakeup Timer Based on a Bang-Bang Digital-Intensive Frequency-Locked-Loop for IoT Applications
No full textThis paper presents a wakeup timer in 40-nm CMOS for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications based on a bang-bang Digital-intensive Frequency-Locked Loop (DFLL). A self-biased Σ Δ Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) is locked to an RC time constant via a feedback loop consisting of a single-bit chopped comparator and a digital loop filter, thus maximizing the use of digital circuits while keeping only the RC network and the comparator as the sole analog blocks. Analysis and behavior level simulations of the DFLL have been carried out to guide the optimization of the long-term stability and frequency accuracy of the timer. High frequency accuracy and a 10× enhancement of long-term stability is achieved by the adoption of chopping to reduce the effect of comparator offset and 1/f noise and by the use of Σ Δ modulation to improve the DCO resolution. Such highly digitized architecture fully exploits the advantages of advanced CMOS processes, thus enabling operation down to 0.7 V and a small area (0.07 mm2). The proposed timer achieves the excellent energy efficiency (0.57 pJ/cycle at 417 kHz at 0.8-V supply) over prior art while keeping excellent on-par long-term stability (Allan deviation floor < 20 ppm) and temperature stability (33 ppm°Cat 0.8-V supply).Accepted Author Manuscript(OLD)Applied Quantum Architecture
Current timer switch in a GaAs-based nanowire coupled with polyoxometalate nanoparticle and conductive AFM tip
No full textWe demonstrate a current timer switch function in a GaAs-based nanowire electrostatically coupled with a polyoxometalate nanoparticle (POM NP) and a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip. The nanowire current associated with the charge state of the POM NP on the nanowire surface abruptly changed after several ten seconds from biasing the conductive tip. The current switch timing changed depending on the tip voltage. The timer switch function appeared when the tip approached the POM NP where the AFM phase image showed phase lag at high atmospheric humidity condition. We discuss the timer mechanism in terms of the configuration of the electromechanical potential of the cantilever and dynamic potential modulation by mobile ions and polarized molecules in the water-absorbed POM NP surface
A 0.7-V 0.43-pJ/cycle Wakeup Timer based on a Bang-bang Digital-Intensive frequency-Locked-Loop for IoT Applications
No full textA 40-nm CMOS wakeup timer employing a bang-bang digital-intensive frequency-locked loop for Internet-of-Things applications is presented. A self-biased ΣΔ digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to an RC time constant via a single-bit chopped comparator and a digital loop filter. Such highly digitized architecture fully exploits the advantages of advanced CMOS processes, thus enabling operation down to 0.7 V and a small area (0.07 mm 2 ). Most circuitry operates at 32× lower frequency than the DCO in order to reduce the total power consumption down to 181 nW. High frequency accuracy and a 10× enhancement of long-term stability is achieved by the adoption of chopping to reduce the effect of comparator offset and 1/f noise and by the use of ΣΔ modulation to improve the DCO resolution. The proposed timer achieves the best energy efficiency (0.43 pJ/cycle at 417 kHz) over prior art while keeping excellent on-par long-term stability (Allan deviation floor <;20 ppm) and temperature stability (106 ppm/°C).Accepted Author Manuscript(OLD)Applied Quantum Architecture
Rock Star as a Old-Timer: Representations of their Own Lives in the Memoirs of Czech Rock Musicians
No full textThis thesis is concerned with the specific genre of biographical literature - autobiographies of czech rock musicians. Since the terminology in the topic of the thesis is unclear, the author is first going to define it. Furthermore it asks the question of who really is a old-timer as well as who is a rocker. The material studied are texts in which the narrator recalls his past life and tries to reconstruct their path of life. The author seeks thematic and formal parallels in the chosen autobiographies. Using these the author intends to define the specifics of the rock autobiography genre in the Czech Republic. Key words: rock, autobiography, old-timer, rock musician, stereotyp
A Digital-Intensive Wakeup Timer based on an RC Frequency-Locked Loop for Internet-of-Things Applications
No full textThis thesis presents an ultra-low power wakeup timer locked to an RC time constant that can meet the stringent power requirements of the nodes for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The wakeup timer, fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, employs a bang-bang digital-intensive frequency-locked loop (DFLL). A self-biased ΣΔ digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to an RC time constant via a chopped dynamic comparator and a digital loop filter, enabling an operation down to 0.65 V and a small area of 0.07 mm2. The digital-intensive design consumes 181 nW with an output frequency of 417 kHz. Thus, it achieves the best power efficiency (0.43 pJ/Cycle) at the lowest supply voltage (0.7 V nominal) over the state-of-the-art for ultra-low-power timers, while keeping on-par long-term stability (Allan deviation floor below 10 ppm) and temperature stability (106 ppm/°C)
Capacitance meters and transistor tester
No full textThe author briefly describes a capacitor meter based on a 555 timer in astable mode which directly measures capacitor values in microfarads. The author also describes a capacitance meter based on a 555 timer in monostable mode. The author also describes a transistor tester based on a 555 timer in astable mode with dual supply. Circuit diagrams for each meter are give
Influence of signal countdown timer on efficiency and safety at signalized intersections
No full textSignal countdown timers (SCTs) are expected to help drivers with better decision-making processes. Because of the inconsistent outcomes from previous studies associated with them, the present study evaluates the influence of SCTs on intersection efficiency and safety by conducting “before and after” study at three signalized intersections located in New Delhi. A methodology is proposed to estimate the start-up lost time at signalized intersections under highly heterogeneous condition. Green signal countdown timer was found to have no influence on saturation flow, though its red component helped reduce the start-up lost time significantly. These two components also affect the red light violations at the intersection locations — by increasing violations during the last 10 s red and decreasing them during the initial 10 s of red. Timer-off scenario enlarged total ranges of both Type I and II dilemma zones at the onset of amber and brought Type II dilemma zone earlier.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
MONITORING PEMBACAAN TIMER DAN SUHU MOTOR PADA CENTRIFUGE BERBASIS ARDUINO AT MEGA16
No full textCentrifuge is a tool used to separate the liquid according to specific gravity, this tool is used in the laboratory to separate samples such as blood, urine, and others. The main component of Centrifuge is an DC motor that serves to rotate the sample with centrifugal force with the density and time specified. Centrifuge that the author made using microcontroller At Mega 328p and consists of DC motor components, motor drivers, 20x4 lcd, speed sensor, buzzer and keypad. Sensors used are optocoupler sensors that function to determine the speed of the motor, motor drivers are used to adjust the speed of the motor according to the wishes of the user, LCD function to display the speed of the motor and timer, buzzer will sound when the process of separation of the sample has been completed, keypad as input speed, timer and also check the temperature on the motor. Centrifuge is using blood samples, On the motor there are sensors used to determine the speed of the motor. When the speed has been reached, the motor driver will work to control the motor to stay in accordance with the desired speed
Linearization circuit for transducers for nonlinear reponses
No full textThermistors are nonlinear transducers, and have found wide application in temperature measurement
and control in different fields, but they exhibit a strong nonlinearity of the characteristic, which is of an
exponential type. This project investigates the possibility of creating a thermistor-based temperature
sensor with frequency and analog outputs and a linearized characteristic on the basis of a 555 timer
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