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An overall review on influence of root architecture on soil carbon sequestration potential
Full text linkSoil carbon sequestration is a vital ecosystem function that mitigates climate change by absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Root characteristics such as depth, diameter, length, and branching pattern affect soil carbon dynamics through root-soil interactions and organic matter breakdown. Here we review field surveys, laboratory analysis, and mathematical modeling to understand how root structures affect soil carbon storage. Further, certain root features increase soil carbon sequestration, suggesting that selective breeding and genetic engineering of plants could maximize this ecological benefit. However, more research is needed to understand the complex interactions between roots, soil biota, and soil organic matter under changing environmental conditions. In addition, the benefit of climate change mitigation methods and soil carbon models from the inclusion of root architecture was reviewed. Studies in the realm of root-soil interactions encompass a variety of academic fields, including agronomy, ecology, soil science, and plant physiology. Insights into how roots interact with their soil environment and the effects of these interactions on plant health, agricultural productivity, and environmental sustainability have been gained through this research
Correction to: An overall review on influence of root architecture on soil carbon sequestration potential
Full text linkComparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium sativum Cloves from China and Taşköprü, Turkey
No full textIn this study, antimicrobial activities of two different samples of Allium sativum L. from Turkey (TR) (Taşköprü, Kastamonu, Turkey) and China (CN) were determined. A broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (17 bacteria) including species of Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus were used for testing antibacterial activity. In addition, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was also investigated. Antimicrobial activity was tested by using 3 different processes (chopping, freezing, and slicing by the disk diffusion method). The results showed that TR garlic presented more antimicrobial activity than CN garlic. Mechanism of activity of CN garlic could be proposed to be different from that of TR garlic
Determination of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Frankenia hirsuta
No full textFrankenia hirsuta is widely located in Turkey, but the antimicrobial potential and biochemical composition analysis of it weren’t determined yet. By using the disk diffusion method, the susceptibility of 17 bacteria and 1 fungi were analyzed, which included Bacillus, Candida, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Staphylococcus genera. 0.8, 1.5 and 3.1 mg of samples were prepared by using absolute ethanol. The bioactive composition of the plant extract was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and National Institute of Standards and Technology library was used for the mass spectra analysis. The results showed that F. hirsuta had antimicrobial activity against all of the studied micro-organisms except E. aerogenes and E. coli. Several active metabolites were identified, but some composition of this sample didn’t match with the library. These results are the first report for the antimicrobial potential and biochemical composition of F. hirsuta.
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Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition Screening of Anacyclus pyrethrum Root
Full text linkMedical herbs have many bioactive component and they are used in microbial treatment since ancient times. The resistance of pathogens to antibiotics became a critical problem, so researches for novel antimicrobial agents are required. Anacyclus pyrethrum (pellitory, Spanish chamomile or Mount Atlas daisy) is commonly used as a traditional medicine, therefore the antimicrobial activity of the root of this medicinal plant was investigated against 17 bacteria and 1 fungi by using disk diffusion method. The test strains include Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Candida genera. Besides, chemical composition of this sample was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis. The results were presented that A. pyrethrum has antimicrobial activity against all tested microbial species except E. faecalis and S. typhimurium. Eighteen major chemical components were determined, but some composition of this sample is not match with library. For this reason, this medicinal plant contain unknown molecules and this molecules should be analysed NMR spectra for 3D structure determination and identification
In vitro antimicrobial screening of Aquilaria agallocha roots
Full text linkackground: It was previously shown that some parts of Aquilaria agallocha, which is commonly known as oud or oodh, such as roots have been used as a traditional medical herbal in different countries. In Turkey A. agallocha is one of the ingredients while preparing famous Mesir paste, which was invented as a medicinal paste and used from the Ottoman period to now at least for 500 years. The identification the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of A. agallocha roots is main purpose of this analysis. Materials and Methods: By using 17 bacteria and 1 fungi, which include Bacillus, Candida, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Staphylococcus genera, the activity of A. agallocha root extracts were analysed by the help of the disk diffusion method, that is one of the methods commonly used to determine antimicrobial activities. Results: As a result of the study it was observed that ethanol extracts of A. agallocha roots have a clear antimicrobial activity against nearly all microorganism used in the study, but only two bacteria namely E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. typhimurium SL 1344. Conclusion: According to the disk diffusion test results it may be possible to propose that A. agallocha roots should have a medicinal uses especially against E. faecium, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, B. subtilis DSMZ 1971, C. albicans DSMZ 1386, S. epidermidis DSMZ 20044 and S. aureus ATCC 25923
Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition Screening of Epilobium montanum Root
Full text linkMedical herbs have many bioactive component and they are used in microbial treatment since ancient time. The resistance of pathogen to antibiotic is became a critical problem, so novel antimicrobial agent related research is required. Epilobium montanum related antimicrobial research doesn’t exist, therefore root of this medicinal plant investigation was applied against 17 bacteria and 1 fungi by using disk diffusion method. These microbial species include Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Candida genera. Besides, chemical composition of this sample was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The results were presented that E. montanum has antimicrobial activity against all tested microbial species except E. coli. Seventeen major chemical components were determined, but some composition of this sample is not match with library. For this reason, this medicinal plant contain unknown molecules and this molecules should be analysed by NMR spectra for 3D structure determination and identification
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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