1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Evaluation of niosome formulations containing methylene blue and cinnarizine manufactured by thin film hydration and microfluidic methods
Get PDFEnabling formulations has been emerging in formulation development owing to their characteristics to improve critical quality attributes of the drug delivery systems. This study focused on the preparation of niosome formulation as nanocarrier drug delivery system for the delivery of small drug molecules. This study was aimed to prepare niosome formulations to encapsulate cinnarizine, a poorly water-soluble drug with narrow absorption window in the stomach using the conventional thin film hydration (TFH) method and microfluidic (MF) method. Small drug molecule methylene blue was used as a model hydrophilic drug for optimisation of manufacturing and formulation parameters in order to pave the way for cinnarizine-containing niosome formulations.
The self-assembled niosomes were based on a 45/45/10 molar ratio of Span® 60 surfactant, cholesterol, and co-surfactant, respectively. Different drug-excipient ratios and different co-surfactant types (i.e. Cremophor® ELP, Cremophor® RH40 and Solutol® HS15) were investigated. Manufacturing variables in thin film hydration method were investigated, such as the hydration time and hydration volume. The effect of sonication on TFH-based niosomes was investigated. On the other hand, in microfluidic method, investigated manufacturing variables were total flow rate (mL/min) and flow rate ratio of the aqueous to organic solvents of the system parameters. Formulation parameters were drug concentration and total surfactant/lipid concentration. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyse the interactions between the model drug and formulation excipients. Additionally, the shape and size of all prepared niosome formulations were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The drug release characteristics of the formulations were evaluated using dialysis technique in 0.1M hydrochloric acid (pH1.2) at 37±1 °C under agitation. Determination and quantification of drug were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for encapsulation efficiencies and release data. Release data were analysed by fitting to release kinetic model to describe drug release behaviour. Stability studies of niosome formulations at a refrigeration temperature (2-8 °C) and room temperature (21-25 °C) for one month were evaluated for their size and distribution. The incorporation of different mucoadhesive polymers (chitosan solution and alginate-based Gaviscon® suspension) with MF-based niosomes were prepared to study their feasibility to adhere to gastric mucosa for prolonged retention of the formulation system containing drug with an absorption window in the stomach, in order to enhance drug absorption and bioavailability. A modified HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) method was employed in the direct quantification of Span® 60 and cholesterol recovery of the MF-based niosomes before and after purification process (gel chromatography filtration), in order to understand the applicability on preparation of niosomes using microfluidics.
Generally, based on the size and distribution data, it was found that TFH-based niosome formulations showed large and highly polydisperse, comparing to MF-based niosome formulations. Niosome formulations released entrapped drug in a slow release pattern, offering a more consistent drug absorption with a prolonged gastric retention time. At the same time, mucoadhesive formulations have shown adhesion to the stomach mucosa, showing retentive potential for drug absorption. This study demonstrated and evaluated both the conventional TFH-based niosome and advanced MF-based niosome formulations encapsulating small drug molecules – cinnarizine (poorly water-soluble) and methylene blue (hydrophilic), offers insights on controlling manufacturing parameters to produce niosome formulations for their applicability as dosage forms.
Keywords: Niosome, methylene blue, cinnarizine, thin film hydration, microfluidic
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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