1,720,960 research outputs found
The Influence of eWOM and Social Connection on Online Shopping Intention
No full text近年來使用者在網路上透過真實人際關係進行互動以及網路購物的行為比例已大幅增加，同時從電子商務業者對於電子行銷工具的投資金額中也發現業者已開始利用社群概念的電子行銷工具發展不同的行銷策略，因此未來若要有效提高消費者的購買意願，利用使用者端的訊息傳遞管道將是相當有效的說服途徑，為了瞭解在這樣的說服途徑中消費者所分享的資訊與社會關係連結對於線上購物意願的影響為何，本研究將探討網路口碑、社會關係連結以及其他因素是否會影響，以及如何影響消費者的線上購物意願。
本研究以Zhou的線上購物接受模型為基礎，探討消費者的背景因素、網路口碑的強度、以及社會關係連結強度對於線上購物意願的影響，研究範圍包含各種類型的商品與服務，並以台灣地區曾從事過線上購物或對於線上購物有一定程度了解的消費者作為研究對象。
本研究之主要發現包括：第一，消費者的性別差異會改變外界群體對於消費者的影響程度，研究結果發現女性受外界群體的影響較高。第二，消費者產生線上購物意願的方式遵循原本線上購物接受模型的路徑，透過認知結果-態度以及規範信仰兩種路徑影響線上購物意願。第三，網路口碑能夠透過線上購物接受模型中認知結果-態度以及規範信仰兩種路徑影響線上購物意願，當網路口碑傳播的正面程度越高，消費者線上購物意願的程度也較高。第四，社會關係連結並不會調節網路口碑與線上購物意願之間的關係，而是同樣透過線上購物接受模型中認知結果-態度以及規範信仰兩種路徑影響線上購物意願，當社會關係連結越強，消費者線上購物意願的程度也較高。In recent years, the proportion of user interaction and online shopping behavior through real relationships has increased substantially; meanwhile, we found that sellers have used community-based marketing tools to develop marketing strategies. The communication between users could be an effective way to improving consumers’ intention of online shopping. This study will find out whether and how eWOM, social connection, and other factors have an influence on online shopping intention.
This study is based on Zhou’s Online Shopping Acceptance Model, to find out the influence of consumer demographics, eWOM, and social connection on online shopping intention. The research scope contains any type of product and service, and the research objects are the consumers with online shopping experience or basic knowledge.
The result of this study is that: First, gender will change the impact from outside groups. We found that female would receive greater impact from outside groups. Second, the ways consumers build up online shopping ontention will follow the paths in OSAM. Third, eWOM will have an influence on online shopping intention by following the paths in OSAM, when consumers receive better eWOM, they would build up greater intention. Forth, social connection won’t moderate the relation between eWOM and online shopping intention, social connection will have an influence on online shopping intention by following the paths in OSAM, when social connection is stronger, and consumers would build up greater intention
Application of Atomic Layer Deposition on ZnO Nanorod Arrays
No full text本論文研究利用原子層沉積技術(Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD)應用於氧化鋅奈米柱陣列，同時應用在光電元件上。本論文可以分為三個不同主題，第一個主題研究氧化鋅之核殼型(core-shell)結構之光學特性，首先利用水熱法(Hydrothermal synthesis)成長氧化鋅奈米柱陣列(Nanorod arrays, NRAs)，再利用原子層沉積技術在氧化鋅奈米柱陣列表面進行鍍膜。藉由光激發光(photoluminescence, PL)量測氧化鋅/氧化鋁以及氧化鋅/氧化鋅兩種核殼型結構的發光頻譜以及強度，發現氧化鋅表面會有向上的能帶彎曲(upward surface band bending)，原因可能為表面吸附帶負電荷的氧離子，此能帶彎曲造成光激發的電子電洞之波函數分離，電洞會聚集在氧化鋅之表面，使得氧化鋅的近帶隙(near-band-edge, NBE)發光強度下降，在鍍上氧化鋁薄膜後，表面的氧離子可提供做氧化鋁薄膜中氧的來源，換而言之，表面累積的負電荷可在鍍膜過程中被消耗，電子電洞之波函數可以有效的重疊使得近帶隙發光強度上升。光激發光對氧化鋅/氧化鋅核殼型結構的量測也驗證了此向上的能帶彎曲，在鍍上氧化鋅薄膜後電洞會聚集在表面，因而電子電洞會在此氧化鋅薄膜內躍遷，我們可以藉由螢光頻譜中可見光波段的改變驗證這個結果。
第二個主題則是對氧化鋅奈米柱陣列摻雜氧化鎂之研究，在氧化鋅奈米柱陣列表面利用原子層沉積技術鍍上氧化鎂薄膜，再利用爐管退火，使鎂原子擴散進入氧化鋅中。隨著退火溫度增加，從螢光頻譜中我們可以觀察到氧化鋅鎂合金的近帶隙發光有一藍位移(blueshift)之現象，之稱為能隙工程(bandgap engineering)。同時，在中間退火溫度時我們觀察到載子侷限(carrier localization)的效應，由於鎂原子分布不均勻，原子濃度由奈米柱外層向內層遞減，使得氧化鋅鎂奈米柱外層有較高的能隙能量，而最高溫退火時鎂的分佈則比較均勻，內外層的能隙能量也較接近。從變溫的光激發光實驗中，我們發現最高溫退火之樣品有較明顯的熱淬減現象(thermal quenching)，驗證了內外層能隙能量差距大時會有載子侷限之效應。
第三個主題研究氧化鋅奈米柱陣列在發光二極體(light emitting diode, LED)方面之應用，由於奈米柱陣列有較高的表面積對體積比(surface-to-volume ratio)，光會比較容易自二極體界面放出，同時能有比較好的散熱，有利於奈米柱陣列應用在發光二極體，同時由於穩定且高品質之p型氧化鋅較難取得，此處利用p型氮化鎵做為p型材料做出氧化鋅/氮化鎵異質介面(heterojunction)的發光二極體，同時研究熱退火對二極體發光的影響。二極體在逆偏下發光來自電子的穿隧效應(tunneling)，我們從電激發光(electroluminescence, EL)頻譜中發現熱退火會使得氧化鋅/氮化鎵介面模糊，同時在介面處產生介面能帶(interfacial state)，沒有熱退火處理時，由於氧化鋅與氮化鎵有很大的能帶差異(band offset)，使得在小的逆偏偏壓之下電子穿隧就會發生，同時順偏之下電流很小也沒有光從二極體放出，在此主題中我們也對電激發光頻譜的機制做了詳細的解釋。In this thesis, it can be divided into three different topics. The first topic is the influence of different shell layer on optical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays. The second topic is about magnesium doping to ZnO NRAs. The third topic is effect of heat treatment on ZnO NRAs based light-emitting-diodes.
In Chapter 2, we report that, after coated with Al2O3 shell, surface band bending of ZnO NRAs was lowered while causing strong wave function overlap around surface. In consequence, near-band-edge (NBE) emission was enhanced. On the other hand, visible luminescence band in photoluminescence (PL) spectra changed after coated with ZnO shell. The luminescence mechanism was investigated. The result indicated that green luminescence involved V_O^∙ centers trapping photo-generated holes then recombined with electrons from conduction band. And yellow luminescence was attributed to defect state in the “bulk” of ZnO core.
Chapter 3 describes a simple way to dope ZnO NRAs with magnesium. MgZnO nanorod arrays were successfully fabricated through annealing ZnO/MgO core-shell structure. Near-band-edge emission in PL spectra blushifted as annealing temperature increased. Carrier localization in the coaxial structure is reported. Due to difference in core/shell bandgap energy, carrier could be confined in the core of nanorod and non-radiative recombination caused by surface state effect would be suppressed. We verified carrier localization through examining thermal quenching.
In chapter 4, ZnO film/ZnO nanorod arrays/GaN layer heterojuction LEDs were fabricated and effect of heat treatment was investigated. Light emitting under reverse bias was observed and resulted from electron tunneling. Rapid-thermal-annealing (RTA) treatment “blur” ZnO/GaN interface and respond for formation of deep-level states at the interface. Visible luminescence in electroluminescence (EL) was observed with RTA treatment. Characteristics of type Ⅱ band alignment were shown when no heat treatment was conducted. I-V curve shows large tunneling current at small applied reverse bias. Tunneling of electrons from valence band of ZnO to conduction band of ZnO was proposed, and EL mechanisms were investigated in detail
Improved characteristics of near-band-edge and deep-level emissions from ZnO nanorod arrays by atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 and ZnO shell layers
Get PDFAbstractWe report on the characteristics of near-band-edge (NBE) emission and deep-level band from ZnO/Al2O3 and ZnO/ZnO core-shell nanorod arrays (NRAs). Vertically aligned ZnO NRAs were synthesized by an aqueous chemical method, and the Al2O3 and ZnO shell layers were prepared by the highly conformal atomic layer deposition technique. Photoluminescence measurements revealed that the deep-level band was suppressed and the NBE emission was significantly enhanced after the deposition of Al2O3 and ZnO shells, which are attributed to the decrease in oxygen interstitials at the surface and the reduction in surface band bending of ZnO core, respectively. The shift of deep-level emissions from the ZnO/ZnO core-shell NRAs was observed for the first time. Owing to the presence of the ZnO shell layer, the yellow band associated with the oxygen interstitials inside the ZnO core would be prevailed over by the green luminescence, which originates from the recombination of the electrons in the conduction band with the holes trapped by the oxygen vacancies in the ZnO shell.PACS 68.65.Ac; 71.35.-y; 78.45.+h; 78.55.-m; 78.55.Et; 78.67.Hc; 81.16.Be; 85.60.Jb.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
