1,721,252 research outputs found
Dispersion Models and Sampling of Cacao Mirid Bug Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Theobroma Cacao in Southern Cameroon
No full textThe spatio-temporal distribution of Sahlbergella singularis Hag lung, a major pest of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao) (Malvaceae), was studied for 2 yr in traditional cacao forest gardens in the humid forest area of southern Cameroon. The first objective was to analyze the dispersion of this insect on cacao trees. The second objective was to develop sampling plans based on fixed levels of precision for estimating S. singularis populations. The following models were used to analyze the data: Taylor's power law, Iwao's patchiness regression, the Nachman model, and the negative binomial distribution. Our results document that Taylor's power law was a better fit for the data than the Iwao and Nachman models. Taylor's b and Iwao's beta were both significantly >1, indicating that S. singularis aggregated on specific trees. This result was further supported by the calculated common k of 1.75444. Iwao's alpha was significantly <0, indicating that the basic distribution component of S. singularis was the individual insect. Comparison of negative binomial (NBD) and Nachman models indicated that the NBD model was appropriate for studying S. singularis distribution. Optimal sample sizes for fixed precision levels of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25 were estimated with Taylor's regression coefficients. Required sample sizes increased dramatically with increasing levels of precision. This is the first study on S. singularis dispersion in cacao plantations. Sampling plans, presented here, should be a tool for research on population dynamics and pest management decisions of mind bugs on cacao.University of Goettinge
Les médias en Côte d'Ivoire : la presse écrite et audiovisuelle
No full textYede N'Guessan Félicien. Les médias en Côte d'Ivoire : la presse écrite et audiovisuelle. In: NETCOM : Réseaux, communication et territoires / Networks and Communication Studies, vol. 4 n°2, juin 1990. pp. 299-328
Shade tree diversity, cocoa pest damage, yield compensating inputs and farmers' net returns in West Africa.
Get PDFCocoa agroforests can significantly support biodiversity, yet intensification of farming practices is degrading agroforestry habitats and compromising ecosystem services such as biological pest control. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between agricultural matrix, biodiversity and ecosystem services, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked shade index calculated from eight vegetation variables, with insect pests and beneficial insects (ants, wasps and spiders) in 20 cocoa agroforests differing in woody and herbaceous vegetation diversity. We measured herbivory and predatory rates, and quantified resulting increases in cocoa yield and net returns. We found that number of spider webs and wasp nests significantly decreased with increasing density of exotic shade tree species. Greater species richness of native shade tree species was associated with a higher number of wasp nests and spider webs while species richness of understory plants did not have a strong impact on these beneficial species. Species richness of ants, wasp nests and spider webs peaked at higher levels of plant species richness. The number of herbivore species (mirid bugs and cocoa pod borers) and the rate of herbivory on cocoa pods decreased with increasing shade index. Shade index was negatively related to yield, with yield significantly higher at shade and herb covers<50%. However, higher inputs in the cocoa farms do not necessarily result in a higher net return. In conclusion, our study shows the importance of a diverse shade canopy in reducing damage caused by cocoa pests. It also highlights the importance of conservation initiatives in tropical agroforestry landscapes
INEQUALITY WITHIN AND AMONG NATIONS
Get PDFThis paper looks at both within country and among country inequality. In the spirit of Dalton[1920] and Atkinson[1970] this paper reports estimates of the welfare loss arising from inequality. The paper also explores the implications of Duesenberry style interdependent utility functions when a Utilitariansocial welfare function is employed and evaluates the appropriateness of the Gini coefficient and the coefficient of variation as possible measures of “depression” or “relative deprivation.” The paper reports a variety of measures of inequality for the 82 countries for which comparable data are available from the 1996 World Development Report. In 18% of the pair-wise comparisons of inequality in different countries the situation is ambiguous in the sense that neither country Lorenz dominates the other. Shorrocks[1982] Generalized Lorenz curves leave ambiguous 16% of paired welfare comparisons. By a wide variety of alternative measures, inequality among nations is much greater than inequality within countries. The data generated a surprising empirical result: for any utility function satisfying Dalton’s Principle of Transfers, the loss of welfare arising from within country inequality is approximately 40% of the loss caused by inequality among nations.Inequality, Income Distribution, Gini Coefficient, Relative Deprivation, Lorenz Dominance, Generalized Lorenz Curve, Veil of Ignorance, Equally Distributed Equivalent Income, Interdependent utilities, Tax price of public goods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Waodani dobe yede tono ñowo nani minkayonta ayomo U.E.I.B “Nongi Togodo” Keweidi-ono” kiwiñomo beye
Get PDFEsta monografía sobre“La pedagogía Waodani de ayer y hoy en la U.E.I.B I NongiTogodode la comunidad Keweidi-ono” esen la memoria histórica verbal lingüística de los miembros de la comunidad, padres de familia, niños,niñas y jóvenes de la nacionalidad Waodani delaParroquia Chontapunta, Cantón Tena Provincia de Napo en el año lectivo 2013 – 2014. Para la realización de este trabajo hemos investigado sobre la educación de ayer y hoy de nuestra nacionalidad, a la vez recoger la información a los padres de familia, ancianos y sabios(wamiñadani). Las necesidades de la institución para plantear alternativas de solución, de las falencias que existen en la educación Waodani.
Lo ancestral es diferente a lo occidental porque lo nuestro es oral, lo occidental es escrito, de esta manera queremos aportar al rescate de la cultura ancestral de nuestros abuelos y líderes, con la finalidad de compartir a nuestros estudiantes para que ellos aprendan y valoren la cultura de nuestro nacionalidad, el actuar con la investigación en la institución se examina los resultados obtenidos por la aplicación de las entrevistasa los actores sociales en la institución educativa NongiTogodo que está en la obligación de actualizarse en las Leyes vigentes del Estado para promover y fortalecer el talento humano, los valores culturales y conocimientos pedagógicos en los educandos como es la lengua y cultura de los pueblos originarios y así buscar alternativas de mejoramiento de la calidad educativa en esta comunidad Wao de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana.Mani adoke bain yewemoin impa“waodani dobe yede tono ñowo nani minkayonta ayomo beye” doobe yede nani ponente, kete tedete nanikabo kewinino beye impa, wempoidi, edenenani we wiñenani nani minkayonta ayomo “Nongi Togodo”Cantón Tena, Provincia Pastaza gameno, (2013 wadepo iñede).Mani doobe yede Waodani nani kewente, ate eñente kewengaimamo beye ponente yewemontamonanpa. Tome inkete mami mona nana, yewemoñede yekene tomanani tono yewemontamonanpa, wempodani, pikenani, wamiñate kedani (sabios), Keweidi-ono mami yewemonte ate nani kiweñomo ebano kete godo kemo ate wa kiwinginani ante ketamonapa. Mani yede yekene yewemontamonapa minkayinta adani, ne odomonani tono wempoiidi inanite, nani ate kiwiñomo. Kino main kete ponete kewenani ante nani kiwiñomo. Weenenani kewengaimamo tono ñowodani gameno wado impa, kinante amona ante ponimini, dodani yekene yewemonamain, ononekake tedete eñente kete kewengadanimpa, ñowodani yekene doobe eñente, tedete, kete, yewemonani inanipa. Manomain beye monato kete yewemomonapa ate, nani dodani kewengaino aye pedani eñente bate kewenkedanimpa ante, manomain kete minkayonta adani inanite, godo kete adomomoni ate eñente kiwinginani ante ponente monato memeidi nani kewengaiino eñente kiwinginani ante beye kemonapa. Manomain kete yewemona ate wadepo bayonte aye pedani waodani, wiñenani nanikabo bate eñente edemon adomonte kewenkedanimpa, tomenani tededo tono nani doodbe yede nani kewengaimamo Waodani NAWE.Anobain amonapa, mani mona yewemo yekene, wabano ne odomonan inte bain, nawanga kete godo odomonginani minkayonta adani inanite amonapa, wadepo bayonte nano awene kii yewemoi, imain ate kete kiwinginani ante amonanpa, mani waiwoke imeka yewemonte ii ante tomanani watepe yewemonte kekinani minkayonta nani meneya tededo gameno ate kiwingi beye.Licenciado en Ciencias de la Educación con mención en Educación Intercultural BilingüeCuenc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
