7,958 research outputs found
(67(3):283-291)Evaluating the Effectiveness of Methyl Salicylate on Attracting Predators
No full text本試驗於2015–2016 年間，以黃色黏板搭配不同濃度的水楊酸甲酯，於行政院農業委員會農業試驗所果園區進行調查可誘捕到的捕食性天敵種類。試驗結果顯示，水楊酸甲酯處理組較對照組顯著誘引瓢蟲科 (Coccinellidae，99、10 及0.1% 水楊酸甲酯處理組全年調查)、草蛉科 (Chrysopidae，10、1 及0.1% 水楊酸甲酯處理組全年調查)、食蚜蠅科 (Syrphidae，99、0.1 及0.01% 水楊酸甲酯處理組夏季調查)、花蝽科(Anthocoridae，所有水楊酸甲酯處理組全年調查)、盲蝽科 (Miridae，99、10、0.1 及0.01% 水楊酸甲酯處理組全年調查) 及隱翅蟲科 (Staphylinidae，99% 水楊酸甲酯處理組春季調查) 捕食性天敵。但水楊酸甲酯對捕食性天敵的誘引效果，取決於施用濃度，而且捕食性天敵對水楊酸甲酯的反應存在季節差異性。
The yellow sticky paper baited with different concentrations of methyl salicylate (MeSA) was field-tested for the effectiveness of attracting natural enemies in fruit orchards of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute during 2015–2016. The results showed that yellow sticky paper baited with MeSA significantly attracted more predators in Coccinellidae (99, 10, and 0.1% MeSA treatments, 2015–2016 full year), Chrysopidae (10, 1, and 0.1% MeSA treatments, 2015–2016 full year), Syrphidae (99, 0.1, and 0.01% MeSA treatments, 2015–2016 summer season), Anthocoridae (all MeSA treatments, 2015–2016 full year), Miridae (99, 10, 0.1, and 0.01% MeSA treatments, 2015–2016 full year), and Staphylinidae (99% MeSA treatment, 2015–2016 Spring season) than the control, but the attractions were varied with different concentrations and response of predators to different concentrations of MeSA was found variable in different seasons
(64(4):336-341)Evaluation of the Attractiveness of Plant Volatiles to the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephirtidae)
No full text本研究於室內網籠測試44 種植物揮發性成分對東方果實蠅雌蟲之誘引效果，結果顯示44 種供試成分中有15 種化合物對東方果實蠅雌蟲有明顯的誘引效果，其中丁酸丁酯、乙酸異戊酯及己酸乙酯對雌蟲誘捕率分別為53.5、69.0 及60.0%，效果最好。此15 種室內試驗篩選出之有效成分續於戶外進行網籠試驗，結果丁酸丁酯、乙酸異戊酯、己酸乙酯及乙酸正丁酯對雌蟲之誘捕率分別為18.2、15.1、9.5 及18.2%，與對照組間有顯著差異。此4 種植物揮發性成分值得進一步探討其可能的應用性。
Forty-four plant volatiles were tested for their attractiveness to females of the oriental fruit fly in laboratory, and 15 out of 44 volatiles significantly attracted female flies in laboratory cage tests. Butyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, and ethyl hexanoate were the best three in these 15 volatiles; with female trapping rates of 53.5, 69.0, and 60.0%, respectively. In the following field cage tests for these 15 volatiles, butyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and ethyl hexanoate showed significant attractiveness to female flies compared to the controls. The female trapping rates were 18.2, 15.1, 9.5, and 18.2%, respectively. These 4 plant volatiles deserve investigation for possible applications
(67(2):224-228) Hexanoic Acid Alleviated Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) Infestations in Cucumber
No full text己酸處理植物已知能引發對不同病原微生物防禦反應，而植物遭受半翅目昆蟲危害時引起與受病原微生物危害時相似之防禦反應。本研究試驗小黃瓜以己酸處理對棉蚜 (Aphis gossypii Glover) 族群成長影響。試驗結果顯示，己酸浸泡或澆灌處理之小黃瓜，棉蚜族群成長顯著低於對照組，且效果隨著使用濃度增加提升。小黃瓜噴施0.04% 及0.08% 己酸，較對照組小黃瓜顯著影響棉蚜族群成長。己酸揮發處理小黃瓜，除0.08%處理組外，對棉蚜族群成長影響與對照組無差異。綜合上述試驗結果，己酸處理小黃瓜可緩和棉蚜侵襲，但效果受己酸處理方式及使用濃度影響。
Treatment of plants with hexanoic acid has been shown to induce plant defense against microorganisms. Responses of plant to hemipteran herbivores have substantial overlap with responses mounted against microbial pathogens. In this research, we studied the effects of hexanoic acid treatments of cucumber plant on cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) population growth. Results showed that significantly lower cotton aphid numbers were found on cucumber plants grown from seeds soaked in hexanoic acid solution treatments or irrigated with hexanoic acid treatment than control and the effect increases with increasing concentration of hexanoic acid. Spraying cucumber plants with 0.04% and 0.08% hexanoic acid resulted in significantly reduced cotton aphid population growth than control. Besides 0.08% hexanoic acid volatile treatment, there was no difference of cotton aphid population growth between other hexanoic acid treatments and control. In summary, results of our research showed that hexanoic acid could reduce cotton aphid population growth on cucumber plants but the effect varied with concentrations and treatment methods
(63(3):249-252)Study on Water Resistance and Persistence of Trapping Effectiveness of an Oriental Fruit Fly Dry-Form Bait
No full text東方果實蠅 [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] 是台灣重要蔬果害蟲。本研究以連續浸水方式模擬下雨情況，測試東方果實蠅乾式餌劑耐雨性及經浸水後對毒效的影響。另將乾式餌劑懸掛於戶外，經不同時間後移回室內，測試其對東方果實蠅之誘殺持效性。試驗結果顯示，東方果實蠅乾式餌劑經浸水8 h 後尚殘留約50% 量的餌劑，且不影響對東方果實蠅毒效。餌劑懸掛於室外8 wk 後誘殺效果維持不變。上述試驗證實乾式餌劑具有耐雨及誘效持久之特性，可應用於田間綜合防治東方果實蠅體系中。
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a serious pest of many vegetable and fruit crops in Taiwan. This study was conducted to evaluate the water resistance and trapping effectiveness of a dry-form bait to the oriental fruit fly. Studies were conducted by immersing the baits in water or exposing the baits in the outdoors for different periods, testing the residual trapping effectiveness of the baits to the flies. The results showed that residual weights maintained about 50% after 8 h of immersion in water and its trapping effectiveness remained the same for 8 weeks. This suggests that this dry-form bait is promising for incorporation into the fruit fly integrated pest management programs
(69(1): 1-10)Evaluation of the Effects of Spraying Cucumber Seedlings with Salicylic Acid Mixed Solution (SMC Solution) on Cotton Aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover)
No full text本研究測試小黃瓜植株噴施0.01% 水楊酸 (salicylic acid)、水楊酸甲酯 (methyl salicylate) 及氯化膽鹼(choline chloride) 混合溶液 (0.01% SMC)，對小黃瓜植株及棉蚜之影響。結果顯示，噴施處理組之植株呈現顯著較高的株高、葉片數及花數，而分別以噴施、揮發、種子浸泡及澆灌等方法使用0.01% SMC 處理後，棉蚜數量分別約為對照組的64.0、67.8、61.3 及66.1%。其中，噴施0.01% SMC 處理組，僅需施用1 次即可使小黃瓜植株產生對棉蚜的防禦效果，且可持效5 wk。戶外盆栽試驗部分，結果顯示於噴施0.01% SMC 於「新蜜」、「秀燕」及「阿秀」等小黃瓜植株後，棉蚜的天敵累計數量顯著高於對照組及農藥處理組；而棉蚜數量則分別約為對照組的67.3、80.1 及89.7%，但均顯著高於農藥處理組。試驗結果顯示，小黃瓜植株噴施0.01%SMC 具有促進植株生長及減輕棉蚜危害之效果，具潛力開發做為棉蚜非農藥防治的輔助資材。
This study presents the effect of 0.01% SMC (0.01% mixed solution of salicylic acid, methyl salicylate and choline chloride) on cucumber seedlings and cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover). Significant higher height and number of leaves and flowers were found on the cucumber seedlings sprayed with 0.01% SMC than control. Cotton aphid number from cucumber seedlings treated with 0.01% SMC by spraying, volatile, seed soaking and irrigating were ca. 64.0, 67.8, 61.3 and 66.1%, respectively, of that on control cucumber seedlings. Cucumber seedlings sprayed with 0.01% SMC one time could induce defensive effect to cotton aphid and effectiveness lasted 5 wk. Results from outdoor pot tests showed that significant higher cumulative natural enemies number of cotton aphid on the cucumber seedlings ‘Xin mi’, ‘Xiu yan’ and ‘A xiu’ sprayed with 0.01% SMC than control and pesticide treatment; cotton aphid numbers were ca. 67.3, 80.1 and 89.7%, respectively, of that on control cucumber seedlings but all significant higher than pesticide treatment. These results revealed that 0.01% SMC could promote growth of cucumber seedlings and reduce cotton aphid infestations. The 0.01% SMC could be as an assistant tool for cotton aphid non-pesticide control program. Farmland tests are necessary to confirm the efficiency of this treatment before further use
(68(2):128-136)Methyl Salicylate Attracts Predators and Reduces Melon Thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) Population (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cucumber Plants
No full text本研究呈現水楊酸甲酯吸引天敵，並降低小黃瓜上南黃薊馬 (Thrips palmi Karny) 數量的效果。明顯較高數量的南黃薊馬天敵小黑花椿象 (Orius strigicollis Poppius) 及中華班腿盲椿象 (Campylomma chinensis Schuh)，被發現於黃色黏板搭配水楊酸甲酯的處理組，但水楊酸甲酯的效果呈現濃度與季節的差異性。在2015 年冬季與2016 年夏季試驗中，0.1% 水楊酸甲酯處理組的小黃瓜植株上，南黃薊馬數量明顯少於益達胺、酒精、水及對照組。同時，0.1% 水楊酸甲酯處理組的小黃瓜植株上，南方小黑花椿象及中華斑腿盲椿象的數量顯著多於益達胺、酒精、水及對照組。本研究結果顯示，0.1% 水楊酸甲酯有潛力取代益達胺等農藥作為小黃瓜南黃薊馬的防治資材，但在實際應用前必須先進行研究大面積的田間試驗，確認其有效性及保育生物防治的措施。
This study investigates the effectiveness of methyl salicylate (MeSA) to attract natural enemies and to reduce melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) population in cucumber plants. High numbers of natural enemies of melon thrips, namely, Orius strigicollis Poppius and Campylomma chinensis Schuh, were trapped on the yellow sticky paper baited with MeSA; however, levels of attraction differed with concentration and season. Significantly fewer melon thrips were found through 0.1% MeSA treatment than through imidacloprid, ethanol, water or unbaited treatments in studies conducted in winter season of 2015 and summer season of 2016. Furthermore, significantly more O. strigicollis and C. chinensis individuals were found through 0.1% MeSA treatment than through imidacloprid, ethanol, water or unbaited treatments in these two seasons. In summary, our results demonstrate that 0.1% MeSA treatment has potential to replace insecticides as a melon thrips control tool. Large-scale farmland tests are necessary to confirm the efficiency of this treatment and related conservative bio-control strategies before further use
(53(4):239-248)Evaluation on the Toxic Effects of Phloxine B to the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
No full text將不同濃度之夾竹桃紅顏料(Phloxine B)加入成蟲飼料(酵母抽出物：糖＝1：3)中供
瓜實蠅取食後測試其對瓜實蠅之毒效。試驗結果Phloxine 毒效隨著濃度和光照強度的
提高而增加。瓜實蠅於黑暗中取食含有Phloxine B 飼料4 小時後換成正常飼料，只有照
光才會死亡。1%濃度以上處理組於光照4 小時內，雌雄蠅死亡率均達100%。各處理組
之死亡率於開始光照後24 小時內發生，超過24 小時不會再有瓜實蠅死亡。於黑暗環境
下，瓜實蠅需連續取食含有Phloxine B 飼料至少2 天以上才會死亡。2%及4%處理組，
分別於連續取食含Phloxine B 飼料5 及4 天後，雌雄蠅均達100%死亡率。取食含有
Phloxine B 飼料的瓜實蠅雌蟲會降低產卵量，且過高的濃度會降低瓜實蠅的取食量。Various concentrations of Phloxine B were added into the artificial diets (yeast：sugar＝1：3) and fed to
adult melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), to determine the toxic effects of Phloxine B to the
flies. Tests were carried out in the dark as well as under the photoperiod of 12：12 (L：D) hr with different
intensity of lights to evaluate the influence of light and its intensity on Phloxine B toxicity. Phloxine B
elicited toxicity to melon flies and the toxic effects increased with Phloxine B concentration and light
intensity. For a short period of feeding (e.g., 4 hr), Phloxine B could cause fly deaths with the light. The
concentrations of 1% or higher caused 100% mortality in the flies of both sexes within 4 hr. The Phloxine
B-induced mortality in all concentrations occurred within 24 hr and did not increase further thereafter.
Without the light, Phloxine B caused death in the flies only with a longer period of feeding (2 days or
higher). The 100% mortality were obtained for the flies fed continuously in the dark with 2% and 4%
Phloxine B for 5 day and 4 day, respectively. In addition, Phloxine B diets inhibited egg production and at
high concentrations impeded feeding as well in melon flies
(64(4):330-335)Evaluation of Plant Volatile Bait in Trapping Oriental Fruit Fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)]
No full text本研究分別於戶外網籠 (5 m × 5 m × 2 m) 及枇杷園 (0.76 ha) 評估東方果實蠅 [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)]植物揮發性餌劑 (plant volatile bait; PVB) 之應用性。於網籠內比較現配、經戶外懸掛1、2 及3 wk 之PVB 餌劑對未饑餓懷卵雌東方果實蠅之誘殺效果，結果1 d 平均誘殺率分別為85.3、72.0、60.3 及62.1%，誘殺效果有隨戶外懸掛時間加長而下降之趨勢。於網籠內分別懸掛1、2、3 及4 個PVB 餌劑比較其對未饑餓懷卵雌東方果實蠅之誘殺效果，結果1 d 平均誘殺率分別是86.9、96.0、94.3 及92.9%，顯示使用2 個以上PVB餌劑並不能增加誘殺效果。於網籠內比較PVB 餌劑、蛋白質水解物、賜諾殺濃餌劑、酵母球、黃色黏板等不同資材對未饑餓懷卵雌東方果實蠅之誘殺效果，結果1 d 平均誘殺率分別是81.3、74.0、72.9、50.3 及49.5%，PVB 餌劑優於現行使用資材。於枇杷園施用PVB 餌劑，結果處理區於8 wk 試驗期間，枇杷果實平均被害率與產卵孔數均低於賜諾殺濃餌劑處理區及未處理對照區。試驗結果顯示PVB 餌劑具有作為東方果實蠅防治資材之潛力，惟其誘效穩定性與持續性仍需進一步改良與試驗。
Evaluation of the applicability of oriental fruit fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] plant volatile bait (PVB bait) was conducted in 5 m × 5 m × 2 m net-cage and 0.76 ha loquat orchard, respectively. Results of net-cage test showed that 1 d average attracted and killed mortality of fresh new and exposing outdoor for 1, 2, and 3 wk PVB bait to non starvation and gravid female oriental fruit fly were 85.3, 72.0, 60.3, and 62.1%, respectively, and decreased with time. One day average attracted and killed mortality of using 1, 2, 3, and 4 PVB bait were 86.9, 96.0, 94.3, and 92.9%, respectively, and using more than 2 baits did not show higher effectiveness. One-day average attract-and-kill mortality of PVB bait, protein hydrolysate, Spinosad, Torula yeast and yellow sticky paper were 81.3, 74.0, 72.9, 50.3, and 49.5%, respectively. Attract and kill effectiveness of PVB bait is better than those of currently materials used for oriental fruit fly control. Evaluation of PVB bait control effectiveness was conducted in loquat orchard, and the results showed that average fruit damage and number of oviposition puncture number were the lowest in PVB bait treatment plot than in Spinosad and control plots. Although PVB bait has potential to use as oriental fruit fly control substance, further improvement of the persistence and stability of PVB bait is required
Deterrent Effect of Neem Seed Kernel Extract on Oviposition of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Guava
No full textIn laboratory choice and no-choice tests, guava, Psidium guajava L., fruits treated with neem seed kernel extracts resulted in reduction in ovipositional preference of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). In the choice test, the number of eggs laid in treated guava fruits at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 4.0% was reduced from 87.5 to 99.2% compared with eggs in untreated fruit. Flies were not habituated to neem-treated fruits at concentrations of 0.2% or higher in 7 d. When a yellow plastic oviposition container filled with guava juice was placed together with a fruit treated with 4.0 or 20.0% extracts in a cage, all eggs were laid in the former, and none in the latter. These results indicate that neem seed kernel extract is an ovipositional deterrent for the oriental fruit fly
(65(2):173-183)Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Four Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles on Attracting Natural Enemies
No full text本研究使用4 種經昆蟲取食傷害誘導後會產生之植物揮發性成分水楊酸甲酯、順式3-己烯-1-醇、2-苯乙醇及沉香醇，搭配黃色黏板於行政院農委會農業試驗所 (梅園、枇杷、玉米及萵苣田區) 調查所捕獲之天敵種類及數量，調查中主要捕獲之天敵種類有小黑花蝽象、六條瓢蟲、花虻及膜翅目寄生蜂等。4 種成分中，僅水楊酸甲酯對小黑花蝽象具顯著誘引效果，而所有成分對六條瓢蟲、花虻及膜翅目寄生蜂等其他天敵皆無明顯誘引效果。經過進一步調查發現，水楊酸甲酯對於小黑花蝽象之誘引效果會因濃度不同而有所差異，其中以99.0% 水楊酸甲酯效果最好 (5.2 隻/黏板)，其次為1.0% (4.9 隻/黏板) 及0.1% (4.8 隻/黏板)，3 者均顯著高於對照組 (0.9 隻/黏板)。將水楊酸甲酯與其他成分混合後，與順式3-己烯-1-醇混合可捕獲最多小黑花蝽象 (3.3隻/黏板)，其次為僅使用水楊酸甲酯之處理組 (3.2 隻/黏板)，兩者間無顯著差異，但皆顯著高於對照組 (0.6隻/黏板)。在2014 及2015 年1–2 月間於梅園連續進行4 wk 調查後，水楊酸甲酯處理組於各時間點捕獲小黑花蝽象之數量均顯著高於對照組。而除了梅園外，水楊酸甲酯於枇杷、玉米及萵苣田3 種不同作物之環境中，亦可有效誘引小黑花蝽象。綜合上述之結果，水楊酸甲酯具有作為小黑花蝽象田間誘引劑之開發潛力，但必須考慮到不同濃度以及與不同化學成分混合後對於誘引效果之影響。
Four synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (methyl salicylate, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 2-phenylethanol, and linalool) were field-tested for the effectiveness in attracting natural enemies at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. Orius, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, flower flies (Syrphidae), and Hymenoptera parasitoids which are major natural enemies can be trapped by yellow sticky papers. In four volatiles tested, only methyl salicylate significantly attracted Orius. All volatiles showed no significant attraction to Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Syrphidae, and Hymenoptera parasitoids. Furthermore, the attractions of methyl salicylate to Orius were different at different concentrations. Besides 10.0% methyl salicylate (2.1/trap), 99.0% (5.2/trap), 1.0% (4.9/trap), and 0.1% (4.8/trap) methyl salicylate attracted significantly more Orius than control (0.9/trap). Comparing with control (0.6/ trap), more Orius were significantly trapped on yellow sticky papers in the treatments with a mixture of methyl salicylate and cis-3-hexen-1-ol (3.3/trap) and with methyl salicylate only (3.2/trap). Investigations conducted at a plum orchard for four successive weeks in 2014 and 2015 showed that methyl salicylate attracted significantly more Orius than control at every time point. In addition, yellow sticky paper with methyl salicylate also trapped significantly more Orius than control in loquat, maize and lettuce fields. In summary, methyl salicylate has the potential to be a field attractant against Orius. However, the influences of methyl salicylate at different concentrations and mixed with other herbivore-induced plant volatiles need to be considered
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