31 research outputs found
Internet of Things and machine learning in agriculture: technological impacts and challenges De Gruyter frontiers in computational intelligence ;, v. 8./ edited by Vishal Jain, Jyotir Moy Chatterjee, Abhishek Kumar, Pramod Singh Rathore.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Agriculture is one of the most fundamental human activities. As the farming capacity has expanded, the usage of resources such as land, fertilizer, and water has grown exponentially, and environmental pressures from modern farming techniques have stressed natural landscapes. Still, by some estimates, worldwide food production needs to increase to keep up with global food demand. 'Machine Learning and the Internet of Things' can play a promising role in the Agricultural industry, and help to increase food production while respecting the environment. This book explains how these technologies can be applied, offering many case studies developed in the research world.Part I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part II. 6. 7. 8. 9. Part III. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Index. Parul Verma and Umesh Kumar -- Ashish Tripathi, Arun Kumar Singh, Khararee Narayan Singh, Krishna Kant Singh, Pushpa Choudhary, and Prem Chand Vashist -- Jyoti Batra Arora -- Nilesh Uke, Trupti Thite, and Supriya Saste -- Sivakumar Rajagopal, Sonai Rajan Thangaraj, J. Paul Mansingh, and B. Prabadevi -- Aarti and Amit Kumar -- K. Krishnaveni, E. Radhamani, and K. Preethi -- Jibin Varghese, J. Jeba Praba, and John J. George -- Nikunj Rajyaguru, Shubhendu Vyas, and Kunjan Vyas -- Suvarna Pawar and Pravin Futane -- J. H. Kamdar, M. D. Jasani, J. D. Jasani, J. Jeba Praba, and John J. George -- Sapna Nigam, Rajni Jain, Sudeep Marwaha, and Alka Arora -- Sandip Kumar Roy and Preeta Sharan -- Mahua Bose and Kalyani Mali -- Tan Pham Nhat and Son Vu Truong Dao -- Shubhendu Vyas, Nikunj Rajyaguru, and Kunjan Vyas -- Yash Joshi, Sachit Mishra, and R. S. Ponmagal -- Punam Bedi, Pushkar Gole, and Sumit Kumar Agarwal -- Frontmatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Machine Learning and Internet of Things in Agriculture -- Smart farming : Using IoT and machine learning techniques / Food security and farming through IoT and machine learning / An innovative combination for new agritechnological era / Recent advancements and challenges of artificial intelligence and IoT in agriculture / Technological impacts and challenges of advanced technologies in agriculture / Applications of Internet of Things in Agriculture -- IoT-based platform for smart farming - Kaa / Internet of things platform for smart farming / Internet of things platform for smart farming / Internet of things platform for smart farming / Applications of Machine Learning in Agriculture -- Kisan-e-Mitra : A tool for soil quality analyzer and recommender system / Artificial intelligence for plant disease detection : Past, present, and future / Wheat rust disease identification using deep learning / Image-based hibiscus plant disease detection using deep learning / Rainfall prediction by applying machine learning technique / Plant leaf disease classification based on feature selection and deep neural network / Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection / Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection / Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection /1 online resource (xvi, 410 pages)
A Global Analysis on Microgrids through the PESTEL Framework
No full textMicrogrids enable distribution of electricity with higher shares of variable renewables, higher power quality, greater reliability and higher efficiency. There are a large number of factors in addition to the technology, which affect their shift towards market competitiveness and widespread adoption. The PESTEL framework, covering Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Environmental and Legislative factors, is used to identify and describe the drivers and barriers for microgrid development at the global level. The framework enables a broader approach to describe potential for microgrid applications. The results aim to provide engineers, project developers and microgrid specialists with an overview of the prospects for microgrid deployment.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Energy Technolog
Aortic stenosis: a review on acquired pathogenesis and ominous combination with diabetes mellitus
No full textAbstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease, with no pharmacological treatment. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among AS patients is higher than in the general population. DM significantly increases the risk of AS development and progression from mild to severe. The interplay between AS and DM's mechanism is not entirely known yet. Main Body The increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was linked to increased valvular oxidative stress, inflammation, expression of coagulation factors, and signs of calcification, according to an analysis of aortic stenotic valves. It is interesting to note that in diabetic AS patients, valvular inflammation did not correlate with serum glucose levels but rather only with long-term glycemic management markers like glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which has been shown to be safer than surgical aortic valve replacement, is advantageous for AS patients who also have concurrent diabetes. Additionally, novel anti-diabetic medications have been proposed to lower the risk of AS development in DM patients, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that target reduction of AGEs-mediated oxidative stress. Conclusions There are little data on the effects of hyperglycemia on valvular calcification, but understanding the interactions between them is essential to develop a successful treatment strategy to stop or at least slow the progression of AS in DM patients. There is a link among AS and DM and that DM negatively impacts the quality of life and longevity of AS patients. The sole successful treatment, despite ongoing efforts to find new therapeutic modalities, involves aortic valve replacement. More research is required to find methods that can slow the advancement of these conditions, enhancing the prognosis and course of people with AS and DM. Graphical Abstrac
An investigative and evaluative study of factors affecting quality of agricultural and farm information services in Kerala
Get PDFAgriculture is not only a country’s backbone of food, livelihood and ecological security systems, but is also the very soul of its sovereignty. In Kerala population density is high and land is scarce. To achieve sustainable advancement in quality of human life, meeting the domestic food requirement is to be given foremost priority in development plans. As the area of cultivation cannot be increased and growth of population cannot be controlled growth in food production is to be achieved by qualitative improvement in farming. This requires improvements in material inputs, farming techniques, storage technology and research. Effective integration of these factors is tied closely to adequate information flow, which can be ensured only by an efficient information system for agricultural education, research, extension and development. So evaluation and improvement of existing information services is very crucial for sustainable agricultural growth. The study evaluates the existing information resources, facilities, services, possibilities for resource sharing, accessibility of external sources, and the factors that affect the quality and efficiency of information services in agricultural sector. Coverage is limited to the State of Kerala. Sample consist 105 institutions of different levels, and information users consisting of 426 scientists and 220 farmers. Different sets of questionnaires and interview schedule were used to elicit information. The study found that agricultural research conducted at various institutions in the region at huge public expense has generated knowledge for improving production. Along with these huge collections of acquired content is also stored in the sector. But when a farmer, an extension worker, a scientist or an administrator needs information it is not easily accessible. The study found that agricultural sector fails to effectively bank on information resources available due to the lack of an information system and network. Recommends an Agricultural and Farm Information System for Kerala. Suggests a model plan for a computer communication network for resource sharing between the agricultural institutions in the State, which will also ensure, smooth flow of results of research down to the grassroots level to achieve maximum productivity in agriculture
Molecular Mechanism of Host Specificity in Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: Role of Circumsporozoite Protein
No full textJournal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 40905–40910Note : if this item contains full text it may be a preprint, author manuscript, or a Gold OA copy that permits redistribution with a license such as CC BY. The final version is available through the publisher’s platform.Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites invade liver cells in humans and set the stage for malaria infection. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a predominant surface antigen on sporozoite surface, has been associated with the binding and invasion of liver cells by the sporozoites. Although CSP across the Plasmodium genus has homology and conserved structural organization, infection of a non-natural host by a species is rare. We investigated the role of CSP in providing the host specificity in P. falciparum infection. CSP from P. falciparum, P. gallinaceum, P. knowlesi, and P. yoelii species representing human, avian, simian, and rodent malaria species were recombinantly expressed, and the proteins were purified to homogeneity. The recombinant proteins were evaluated for their capacity to bind to human liver cell line HepG2 and to prevent P. falciparum sporozoites from invading these cells. The proteins showed significant differences in the binding and sporozoite invasion inhibition activity. Differences among proteins directly correlate with changes in the binding affinity to the sporozoite receptor on liver cells. P. knowlesi CSP (PkCSP) and P. yoelii CSP (PyCSP) had 4,790- and 17,800-fold lower affinity for heparin in comparison to P. falciparum CSP (PfCSP). We suggest that a difference in the binding affinity for the liver cell receptor is a mechanism involved in maintaining the host specificity by the malaria parasite.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
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Rainfall trends in India and their impact on soil erosion and land management
Get PDFUnder the threat of global warming it is vital to determine the impact that future changes in climate may have on the environment and to what extent any adverse effects can be mitigated. In this research an assessment was carried out on the impact that climate trends may have on soil erosion and contaminant transport in India and examined the potential for top soil management practices to improve or maintain soil quality. Historical rainfall data from 50-135 years and extreme temperature data for 103 years were analysed and long term trends were assessed for various aspects of Indian climates using suitable statistical techniques. Results indicated that intra-region variability for extreme monsoon seasonal rainfall is large and mostly exhibited a negative tendency leading to increasing frequency and magnitude of monsoon rainfall deficit and decreasing frequency and magnitude of monsoon rainfall excess everywhere in India except in the peninsular Indian region. This is further exacerbated by increased and more variable extreme temperatures. Intra-region rainfall variability in India is linked to the pacific Southern Oscillation, where the associations of monsoon drought and El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the regions near to coast are greatest. 50-years high resolution daily gridded rainfall data was analysed to set up certain indices for the extreme daily rainfalls to assess their changes for the six gridded regions of Kerala, the extreme south western state of India where monsoon rainfall initiates every year. This was also done for two study sites, namely Bhoj wetland area of west central India and Sukinda chromite mining site of central north east India. Significant decrease was found in monsoon and spring rainfall extremes and increase in winter and autumn rainfall extremes in Kerala that would affect the tendency of change in seasonal total rainfall as well. Decrease in monsoon rainfall in Kerala also indicate that monsoon rainfall is decreasing in India as a whole, increased occurrence of floods is expected in winter and autumn seasons, together with water scarcity are expected to be felt both in spring and monsoon seasons with a delaying monsoon onset in Kerala. Soil erosion studies were conducted for two northern most gridded regions of Kerala as an extended work of the related MPhil study, and contaminant transport with eroded sediments was looked at for the Bhoj and Sukinda sites using RUSLE2 model software and other suitable numerical methods. It was found that soil erosion depended on a complex interaction of climate, soil properties, topography, and cover management. An assessment on extreme climate patterns for Bhoj and Sukinda showed an increasing tendency of seasonal and annual rainfall extremes and temperatures leading to an increasing pattern of soil erosion at both the sites. However, a certain consensus was difficult to reach because of the complex interaction of climate and soil carbon that is a very important deciding factor for soil erosion potential. Vegetative cover and plant residue was found providing essential soil nutrients, enhancing soil properties and retarding rainfall impact on bare top soil leading to reduction of soil erosion. Therefore, a soil erosion and contaminant transport prevention plan should take care of the top soil such that it is not kept bare especially when rainfall intensity is high in a given year. This work as a whole has highlighted the importance of regional climatological analysis with the large scale spatial averages especially at local decision making level, which is very useful for the broad scenarios such as climatological and ecological risk management
Malaria immunology and vaccine development
No full textThis thesis describes work undertaken by the author at the University of Oxford. Itbegins by providing an introduction to malaria infection and pathophysiology, anda review of the latest attempts to produce an effective malaria vaccine. It goes onto describe the rationale behind the vaccines developed by the University ofOxford and others. A brief introduction to the process of planning and carrying outclinical trials of vaccines is then provided, and is followed by chapters describingtwo clinical trials, designed to test the safety, immunogenicity and then efficacy ofcandidate malaria vaccines. These trials were performed in Oxford, to examinetwo different vaccination approaches. The first intended to broaden the specificityof the vaccine induced immune response, by providing multiple antigens in onevaccine, aiming thereby to improve protection from malaria infection. The secondregimen used a combination vaccine intending to induce both humoral and cellularimmunity simultaneously, thereby providing enhanced efficacy against malariainfection. Neither approach was sufficient to provide protection from infection in thechallenge studies described; however, some impact on the disease was detectedin the second study. This is examined in detail. The laboratory work describedstudies background immune responses (both cellular and humoral) to vaccineantigens in a malaria exposed population, intended to support the inclusion ofthese antigens in the multi-antigen vaccine. The remaining chapters describe workin parasite life cycle modelling, undertaken to aid interpretation of results of theseclinical trials, and finally an examination of the clinical course of malaria in thecontrol volunteers who have taken part in the many challenge studies conducted inOxford
