164 research outputs found
Complex Case of Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis with Concurrent Takayasu Arteritis in a 14-Year-Old Girl from Ethiopia
No full textYared Getachew Tadesse,1 Merga Daba Mulisa,1 Eden Tesfaye Beyene,1 Becky Abdissa Adugna2 1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yared Getachew Tadesse, King George VI Street, Arada, Addis Ababa, 33638, Ethiopia, Tel +251929436214, Email [email protected]: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel arteritis that predominantly affects the aorta and its major branches. Its association with tuberculosis (TB) has been described in the literature. This association poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially in TB-endemic areas. We report a case of a young Ethiopian female patient who was diagnosed with TA associated with TB. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this association.Keywords: takayasu arteritis, tuberculosis, tuberculosis lymphadeniti
Effect of Oat Flour Addition on the Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Probiotic Bio-Yoghurt
No full textThis research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of oat flour addition on the
physico-chemical and microbiological quality of probiotic low fat bio-yoghurts. The low fat bioyoghurts
were prepared through mixing of liquid skimmed milk with oat flour, starter culture,
corn starch stabilizer, skimmed milk powder and sugar according to the basic formulation for
bio-yoghurt production. The effect of mixing of oat flour (8%, 12 % and 16%) and storage days
(7days, 14 days and 21days) on physico-chemical properties, microbiological qualities,
proximate composition, and sensory qualities of the low fat bio-yoghurt has been studied. The
oat flour (Avena sativa) variety had a nutritional composition of 5.62% moisture, 16.94%
protein, 6.12% fat, 1.82% ash, 4.94% crude fiber and 64.65% carbohydrate, and the skimmed
milk contained 0.31% fat, 3.51% protein and 0.86% ash. After fermentation, the proximate
composition of the control bio-yoghurt, and the 8% Oat flour,12% and 16% Oat flour added bioyoghurts
was;
moisture
(86.66%,
76.01%,
72.82%
and
66.09%),
crude
protein (3.05%, 6.30%,
10.29% and 7.30%), crude fat (0.30%, 1.21%, 3.72% and 4.77%), crude fiber (0%, 4.03%,
4.80% and 4.97%) and ash (0.61%, 0.99%, 1.31% and 1.30%); respectively. The physicochemical
results
of
the
control
bio-yoghurt
and
16%
oat
flour
added
bio-yoghurts
was;
pH
(4.49
and
4.55),
syneresis (8.31% and 3.2%), TA (0.87% and 0.62%), App. Viscosity (0.66 pa.s and
0.83 pa.s) and proteolysis (0.34 and 0.48); respectively.
Addition of corn starch stabilizer had reduced the effect of spontaneous whey separation which,
was more significant (p<0.05) during higher amounts but because of other quality factors 2%
was selected for processing of low fat bio-yoghurts. Aerobic plate count was found to be the
predominant micro flora count of the final products and reached more than 8.3 log cfu/g. The
sensory assessment result of the low fat bio-yoghurt was relatively acceptable by panelists in
decreasing order of oat flour composition percentage comparing to that of the control. However,
the most acceptable color, mouth feel, appearance, flavor and the highly preferred was the
control low fat bio-yoghurt followed by samples blended with 8% and 12 % oat flour. In general,
the low fat bio-yoghurt processed by mixing of partially skimmed milk with 8%, 12% and 16%
oat flour and stored for 21 days gave promising results. Thus, it is possible to produce low fat
bio- yogurts by incorporating oat flour to skimmed milk with additional ingredients and at a 42
o
c
for 4-6 hr., fermentation temperature and time
Simultaneous estimation of multiple dairy technologies uptake
No full textThe low productivity of the Ethiopian dairy sector has been explained by the genetic potentials and management practices. Milk production and consumption largely rely on the indigenous cows. To enhance the contribution of dairy to household food security, nutrition, and income, the adoption of improved dairy breeds together with the component practices is indispensable. To study the adoption of the dairy technologies and the factors stimulating the choices, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the central and eastern Ethiopia. Results declare that the rate of adoption of improved breeds, artificial insemination, and improved forage remained to be limited. The uptake of concentrate feeding is found to be relatively better. As the joint multivariate probit estimation confirmed, there is complementarity and interdependence in the uptake of improved breeds, artificial insemination, concentrate feeds, and improved forages. The utilization of forage lagged behind to complement the adoption of improved cows. Tobit model determination confirmed that the same factors are affecting the adoption decisions. The factors responsible for the joint adoptions, the number of cows owned and intensity of adoption include education status, household wealth, access to markets and district centers, contacts with extension and gender roles. Both the joint and individual analyses highlighted the need for strategies that could overcome the constraints and ensure better uptake of the technologies
Lessons from Small-Scale Fish Farming in South West and West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A Review
No full textFor the past 13 years, the National Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Center (NFALRC) have intervened with small-scale fish farming trials in South West and West Shewa zones of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Opportunities and challenges of the trial, farmers’ awareness, and attitude towards small-scale fish farming and its economics have already been studied and documented. However, the studies were not comprehensively reviewed, synthesized, and presented to inform further intervention. This paper is meant to fill this gap. Desk review of those studies and others supported by prior experience of the author to intervention areas is the core approach followed. As a result, seven key lessons were learned: the need for redefining core challenges of small-scale fish farming, gender inclusion in small-scale fish farming, need for a revision of public sector-led formal extension service delivery linked to the change in the conventional extension approach followed by NFALRC, emphasis on awareness creation on fish farming, the importance of participatory approaches and the need for repeating research trials in the economics of small-scale fish farming. Among these, awareness creation, the use of participatory approaches, and changes in conventional extension service delivery by NFALRC should be given priority
Simultaneous estimation of multiple dairy technologies uptake
No full textTo enhance the contribution of dairy to household food security, nutrition, and income, adoption of improved dairy breeds together with the component practices is indispensable.To study the adoption of the dairy technologies and the factors stimulating the choices, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted. As the joint multivariate probit estimation confirmed, there is complementarity and interdependence in the uptake of improved breeds, artificial insemination, concentrate feeds, and improved forages. </div
Utilization of outpatient modern health care and Associated factors in gambella town, gambella State, southwest ethiopia
No full textBackground: Utilization of healthcare services by the people arise from a complex interaction
of different factors as demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity profiles, and health service
availability and quality. The objective of this paper assessed utilization of outpatient healthcare
services conditional on illness report, and investigate factors that affect use of outpatient
healthcare in Gambella town, southwest Ethiopia.
Methodology: A community – based cross - sectional study by employed self-report of
morbidity in the three months’ recall period was conducted in the five kebeles of Gambella
town, southwest Ethiopia from August 07 to August 21, 2014. A total of 834 sampled
households selected by simple random sampling methods were included in the study. Data were
collected through face-to-face interview by employing a standardized structured pre-tested
questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS Window version 21. Bivariate and
multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify statistically significant factors at pvalue of less than 0.05 that affect utilization of outpatient modern healthcare services.
Result: Half of the households participated in the study reported illness in the past three
months. A 13.8% of morbidity report in study subjects in the past 3 months in the study area.
Of those reported illness, 51.9% of them were utilize modern outpatient healthcare services.
In the multivariate, perceived severe (AOR=6.76; 95%CI:3.14, 14.55) and moderate
(AOR=4.14; 95%CI:2.22, 7.72) illness, ill person from richest20% (AOR=2.10; 95%CI:1.05,
4.16) and upper-middle (AOR=3.82; 95%CI:1.86, 7.85) quintile households, children under
five years of age (AOR=5.21; 95%CI:2.30, 11.82), ill persons from households of heads
attained college & above education (AOR=3.01; 95%CI:1.58, 6.04), ill persons from femaleheaded households (AOR=0.33, 95%CI:0.16, 0.68), and availability of health facility within
walk travel time of less than 30 minutes (AOR=1.94; 95%CI: 1.10, 3.42) were significant
determinants/ factors affecting utilization of outpatient modern healthcare services during
sickness in Gambella town. Financial cost and physical access of health facilities were the
most barriers in accessing modern medical care during sickness.
Conclusion & recommendations: Utilization of outpatient healthcare services after sickness
among the study participants in the study area was low. To increase utilization of healthcare
services interventions like community-based health care insurance scheme should be put in
place to reduce the financial burden faced by poor households in using healthcare services as
they were most susceptible to ill-health. In bridging the gap in physical access of the community
to healthcare facilities, bringing health facilities together with quality services closer to all
communities may increase utilization of healthcare services by the populations in the study
area. More importantly, investing in education will increase peoples’ use of healthcare
service
Aerosol climatology over South Africa based on 10 years of multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) data
No full textIn this paper, we present a detailed study of the spatial and seasonal aerosol climatology
over South Africa (SA), based on Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data.
We have used 10 years (2000–2009) of MISR monthly mean aerosol extinction (text),
absorption (ta) optical depths at 558 nm, Angstrom exponents in visible (VIS; 446–672 nm)
and near‐infrared (NIR; 672–866 nm) spectral bands, and the extracted spectral curvature.
The study has shown that, in terms of aerosol load level spatial variation, SA can be classified
into three parts: the upper, central, and lower, which illustrate high, medium, and low
aerosol loadings, respectively. The results for the three parts of SA are presented in detail.
The prevailing sources of aerosols are different in each part of SA. The lower part is
dominated by the air mass transport from the surrounding marine environment and other
SA or neighboring regions, while the central and upper parts are loaded through windablated
mineral dust and local anthropogenic activities. During the biomass burning seasons
(July–September), the central part of SA is more affected than the rest of SA by the biomassburning
aerosols (based on ta, ∼20% higher than the rest of SA). In alignment with the
observed higher values of text, aerosol size distributions were found to be highly variable
in the upper part of SA, which is due to the high population and the industrial/mining/
agricultural activities in this area.The author M. Tesfaye is financially supported by the African Laser Centre,
South Africa.http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/jgr/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202/am2017Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog
Public Stigma against People with Mental Illness in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.
No full textBackgroundStigma towards people with mental illness (PWMI) can result in low self-esteem and isolation and threaten employment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of public stigma against PWMI and factors associated with it among Jimma town residents.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in adult residents of Jimma town. Data were collected among 820 randomly selected residents with the interviewer-administered Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of stigma against PWMI.ResultA total of 444 (54%) of the 820 respondents were females, and the mean (SD) age was 35 (8.5) years. The minimum and maximum possible values on each CAMI subscale were 10 and 50, respectively. The respondents had high scores for a stigmatizing attitude towards PWMI across all the subscales, as indicated by the mean (SD) scores: authoritarianism, 27.17 (4.96); social restrictiveness, 32.41 (4.20); benevolence, 35.34 (4.42); and community-based mental health ideology, 33.95 (5.82). Compared to housewives, private organization employees showed more autocratic and socially restrictive views (std. β = 1.12, PConclusionThe study revealed that a negative attitude towards PWMI is widespread. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies to fight the stigma attached to PWMI at the community level
Isolation and Phenotypic Characterization of Virulent Bacteriophages Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Its Phage-Resistant Variant from Sewage Sources
No full textAshetu Fikadu,1,2 Stephen Amankwah,3 Bikila Alemu,1,4 Yared Alemu,1 Adisu Naga,5 Esayas Tekle,6 Tesfaye Kassa1 1School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory, Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana; 4Medical Microbiology Laboratory Unit, Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia; 5Department of Public Health Emergency Management, Kelem Wollega Zone Health Office, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia; 6Department of Medical Laboratory, Wollega University, Nekemte, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tesfaye Kassa, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 788, Jimma, Ethiopia, Tel +251931057195, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: The use of lytic bacteriophages for the control or elimination of pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is the promising alternative. However, the emergence of resistant bacterial variants after phage application may challenge its therapeutic benefit. In this study, we aimed to isolate candidate phages from sewage samples against two MDR Escherichia coli as well as their phage-resistant variant.Methods: MDR E. coli isolates (n = 10) obtained from Jimma Medical Center that had been properly identified and stored were used to isolate bacteriophages. Two lytic coliphages were isolated from hospital sewage samples following standard protocols. Upon single phage infection, phage-resistant variant quickly evolved serving as a new host for the isolation of a third lytic phage. This virulent phage’s lytic activity against both its host and the wild host was investigated. The host infectivity of the various cocktails was assessed, and each phage’s biological properties were studied.Results: Out of the first round of phage isolation process, two lytic phages were identified as VBO-E. coli 4307 and VBW-E. coli 4194. When exposed to VBO-E. coli 4307, the wild-type E. coli 4307 developed resistant variants. A third phage (VBA-E. coli 4307R) was isolated specific to this resistant variant (E. coli 4307R) under optimum condition. For VBO-E. coli 4307, VBW-E. coli 4194, and VBA-E. coli 4307R, the plaque assays generated under comparable conditions were 2.13 × 1010 PFU mL− 1, 9.17 × 1012 PFU mL− 1, and 3.3 × 1010 PFU mL− 1, respectively. These phages have nearly identical stability and lytic ability but differ greatly in their host ranges for VBA-E. coli 4307R.Conclusion: While the wild-type MDR pathogen could easily evolve resistance when exposed to a single phage infection by VBO-E. coli 4307, it is still possible to isolate a novel bacteriophage from environmental samples that is effective against the phage-resistant variants. This indicates that it is possible to manage the effects of phage resistance pathogens even if they are MDR.Keywords: phage, phage-resistance, E. coli, multidrug resistance, sewage, Jimma Medical Cente
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